Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
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Determination of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: ratio of the reduced form as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
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We examined the influence of oxidative stress on the relative amounts of NADPH in human red blood cells (RBCs). To determine the homeostasis of the NADPH existing in the reduced form following oxidation, we developed an improved method for measurement of NADPH in human RBCs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The present method with fluorescent detection is reproducible and selective than enzymatic cycling method and HPLC methods with spectrometric detection. The calibration curve is linear over the range of 0.1-5.0 muM with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The within-run precision of the assays for tot...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ogasawara Y, Funakoshi M, Ishii K Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
A screening method for the detection of the 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator in genetically modified organisms in a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction using high-resolution melting-curve analysis.Email this article to a colleague.
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To screen for unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMO) in the various crops, we developed a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction high-resolution melting-curve analysis method for the simultaneous qualitative detection of 35S promoter sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus (35SP) and the nopaline synthase terminator (NOST) in several crops. We selected suitable primer sets for the simultaneous detection of 35SP and NOST and designed the primer set for the detection of spiked ColE1 plasmid to evaluate the validity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. In addition, we optimized the multiplex PCR...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Akiyama H, Nakamura F, Yamada C, Nakamura K, Nakajima O, Kawakami H, Harikai N, Furui S, Kitta K, Teshima R Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Production of the rare ginsenosides compound K, compound Y, and compound Mc by a thermostable beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.Email this article to a colleague.
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The rare ginsenosides compound K, compound Y, and compound Mc were produced from the major ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, and Rd by a thermostable beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius via three pathways: Rb(1)-->Rd-->compound K, Rb(2)-->compound Y-->compound K, and Rc-->compound Mc. Each of the ginsenosides was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography using standards and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on their molecular weights. The catalytic efficiency of the enzyme for ginsenosides followed the order Rb(1) (4.8)>Rc (4.5)>Rd (1.0)>Rb(2) (0.77 mM(-1) min(-1)...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Noh KH, Oh DK Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Carnosine facilitates nitric oxide production in endothelial f-2 cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the effect of carnosine (beta-alanyl-histidine) on nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation in endothelial F-2 cells. Carnosine enhanced NO production in a dose-dependent manner, and the stimulatory effect of carnosine was observed at concentrations exceeding 5 mM. The carnosine-stimulated NO production was inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, but not by N(G)-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester. In contrast, beta-alanine, histidine (carnosine components) and anserine (N-methyl carnosine) failed to increase NO production. Carnosine had no effect on NO production for the in...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takahashi S, Nakashima Y, Toda K Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Differential effect of resveratrol on nitric oxide production in endothelial f-2 cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the rapid effect of resveratrol on nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial F-2 cells. During an incubation period of 10 min, resveratrol at low concentrations (<20 microM) had no effect on NO production, whereas it significantly increased NO production at high concentrations (>50 microM). In contrast, pretreatment with resveratrol at low concentrations caused a significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated NO production. Resveratrol failed to induce phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and VEGF receptor and did not affect autophosphorylation of the VEGF rece...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takahashi S, Uchiyama T, Toda K Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 negatively regulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand-mediated osteoclast formation by prostaglandin E2.Email this article to a colleague.
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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates osteoclast formation by increasing receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression via cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathways in osteoblasts. Since phosphodiesterases (PDEs) balance the concentration of intracellular cAMP stimulated by PGE2, we investigated the role of PDEs in PGE2-mediated osteoclast formation using various cAMP-specific PDEs inhibitors. In the presence of PGE(2), PDE3 and 4 inhibitors were shown to dose-dependently increase the osteoclast formation in cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and calvarial osteoblasts. In agreement with thi...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Noh AL, Yang M, Lee JM, Park H, Lee DS, Yim M Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Inductive potential of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to mature neutrophils from x-irradiated human peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, different types of rhG-CSFs lead to different effects when rhG-CSF is applied to nonirradiated CD34+ cells, though Filgrastim, Nartograstim, and Lenograstim show equal effects on X-irradiated CD34+ cells.
PMID: 19881296 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin)
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsumori T, Yoshino H, Hayashi M, Takahashi K, Kashiwakura I Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Sevoflurane postconditioning protects chronically-infarcted rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activation of pro-survival kinases and inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening upon reperfusion.Email this article to a colleague.
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We evaluated the cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by sevoflurane postconditioning (SpostC) in chronically-infarcted rat hearts, and investigated the roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt), mitogen-activated extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2)-extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial infarction in rats. Six weeks later, chronically-infarcted hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min of global ischem...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yao Y, Li L, Li L, Gao C, Shi C Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Effects of anti-dementia drugs on morphine-induced somnolence.Email this article to a colleague.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of morphine in rat sleep patterns and also the effects of donepezil and memantine on somnolence caused by morphine. Electrodes were chronically implanted into the cortex and dorsal neck muscle of rats for electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings, respectively. EEG and EMG were recorded with an electroencephalograph. SleepSigh ver.2.0 was used to analyse the sleep-wake state. Total times of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were measured from 10:00 to 16:00. Morphine at a high dose ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ishida T, Suga A, Akagi M, Kamei C Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Protocatechuic acid inhibits rat pheochromocytoma cell damage induced by a dopaminergic neurotoxin.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we demonstrated that PAc inhibited the cytotoxicity, apoptotic morphology, reduction of TH expression and abnormal oligomeration of alpha-synuclein in PC12 cells treated with MPP(+). Taken together, our results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of PAc on PC12 cells treated with MPP(+) is related to the inhibition of the oligomerization of alpha-synuclein.
PMID: 19881299 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin)
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhang HN, An CN, Xu M, Guo DA, Li M, Pu XP Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Inhibition of double-stranded RNA-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by fraxinellone and sauchinone in murine microglia.Email this article to a colleague.
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Fraxinellone and sauchinone, isolated from natural substance, are known to have an anti-inflammatory effect in inflammatory conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory actions of these compounds have been insufficiently demonstrated in viral-induced neuroinflammation. A viral component (double-stranded (ds)RNA) triggers a toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammatory response that stimulates pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain. In present study, we initially examined the biological effects of fraxinellone and sauchinone on anti-inflammatory actions in dsRNA-stimulated microglia. Both compounds inhibited dsRNA-induced ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lee CS, Won C, Yoo H, Yi EH, Cho Y, Maeng JW, Sung SH, Ye SK, Chung MH Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Suppressive effects of T-412, a flavone on interleukin-4 production in T cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we showed that 7,8,4'-trihydroxyflavone (T-412) significantly decreased IL-4 production both in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (PI)-activated EL-4 T cells and concanavalin A (ConA)-activated murine CD4(+) T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PI-induced increase of IL-4 mRNA expression was dramatically suppressed by T-412 at 6 h, indicating the suppression is regulated at transcriptional level. T-412 also significantly inhibited IL-4 gene promoter activity in EL-4 T cells transiently transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid containing IL-4 promoter (pGL4.14-IL-4). Western...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jin M, Park S, Pyo MY Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Enhanced bioavailability of probucol following the administration of solid dispersion systems of probucol-polyvinylpyrrolidone in rabbits.Email this article to a colleague.
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Disks of probucol and solid dispersion systems of probucol-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in various weight ratios were prepared. Dissolution of probucol was markedly increased in the solid dispersion systems in J.P. XV disintegration media No. 1 (pH 1.2) and No. 2 (pH 6.8). The concentrations of probucol after the dissolution of the disks of solid dispersion systems showed supersaturation. Following the administration of disks of solid dispersion systems in rabbits, a marked increase in the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) was observed. When the weight ratio of PVP to probucol was larger, a larger AUC ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kubo Y, Terashima Y, Yagi N, Nochi H, Tamoto K, Sekikawa H Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
A theoretical-empirical analysis on the initial dissolution rate of drugs from polydispersed particles.Email this article to a colleague.
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The purpose of this work is to clarify the relationship of mean particle size to the dissolution rate of polydispersed particles for Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs. An equation for the initial dissolution rate of polydispersed particles relative to mean particle diameter was theoretically derived from the Noyes-Whitney equation assuming spherical particles and sink conditions. To verify the relationship of dissolution to the mean particle diameters, the dissolution rates of 6 types of hypothetically-generated log-normal polydispersed particles and 3 different sized particles of aprepitant,...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takano R, Takata N, Shiraki K, Higo S, Hayashi Y, Yamashita S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Estrogenic activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB. (Zingiberaceae), was evaluated for its estrogenic activity. It has been known that compounds acting as ligands for estrogen receptors (ERs) are considered to possess estrogenic activity. Therefore, the Gal-4/ER transactivation assay in transiently transfected African green monkey kidney (COS-7) cells was used to examine the estrogenic activity of xanthorrhizol. Both subtypes of ERs, ERalpha and ERbeta, were involved in this assay. Further transactivation assays and pS2 mRNA analysis were also conducted in estroge...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Anggakusuma , Yanti , Lee M, Hwang JK Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
The effect of wellsolve, a novel solubilizing agent, on the intestinal barrier function and intestinal absorption of griseofulvin in rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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The effect of Wellsolve, a new solubilizing agent, on the function of intestinal membrane barrier and transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and peptide transporter (PEPT1) was examined by an in vitro diffusion chamber and an in situ closed loop method. The model drugs used in this study were 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), rhodamine123 (a P-glycoprotein substrate), cephalexin (a typical substrate for PEPT1) and griseofulvin (a BCS Class II drug). Intestinal absorption of CF was not affected by the addition of 1-10% (v/v) Wellsolve, while 20% (v/v) Wellsolve significantly enhanced its intestinal absorption by the i...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hamid KA, Lin Y, Gao Y, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
6-Deoxy-6-[131I]iodo-L-ascorbic acid for the in vivo study of ascorbate: autoradiography, biodistribution in normal and hypolipidemic rats, and in tumor-bearing nude mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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Normal female rat distribution studies showed high and specific uptake of 6-deoxy-6-[(131)I]iodo-L-ascorbic acid (6-(131)IAsA) into the adrenal glands, known to highly express the ascorbate sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT-2), and the adrenal gland was clearly visualized by whole-body autoradiography. Preinjection of sulfinpyrazone, a known blocker of ascorbate transport, with 6-(131)IAsA resulted in decreased uptake of radioactivity in rat adrenal glands compared to the control group, seemingly illustrating the participation of the SVCT transporter (probably the SVCT-2 subtype) in the uptake process in v...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kim J, Yamamoto F, Gondo S, Yanase T, Mukai T, Maeda M Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Molecular authentication of 21 Korean artemisia species (Compositae) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism based on trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA.Email this article to a colleague.
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The present study describes the molecular authentication of 21 Korean Artemisia species using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique based on the trnL-F sequences in chloroplast DNA. Five different banding patterns were generated from 21 Artemisia species using HinfI restriction enzyme. A. apiacea, A. keiskeana and A. sieversiana have specific banding patterns. The remaining 18 species had shared two banding patterns. Phylogenetic analysis based on trnL-F sequence variations showed results similar to PCR-RFLP banding patterns. It suggested that the trnL-F region does not...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lee JH, Lee JW, Sung JS, Bang KH, Moon SG Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Preparation of an artificial cell cycle progressor with a novel mechanism.Email this article to a colleague.
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Control of cell cycle progression in somatic cells or terminally differentiated cells is a key technology for cell-based therapies such as regenerative therapy. We have prepared an artificial cell cycle progression peptide composed of a human immunodeficiency virus-derived Tat protein transduction domain (PTD) and a p53 genetic suppressor element (GSE123). The peptide significantly promoted hepatocyte growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and the proliferation of primary mouse hepatocytes, which are highly differentiated somatic cells. The addition of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence to the peptide increased ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kanki K, Ishijima Y, Watanabe Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Some properties of beta-1,2-mannosyltransferases related to the biosynthesis of the acid-labile oligomannosyl side chains in Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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We detected the beta-1,2-mannosyltransferases (beta-1,2-MTs), which participate in the biosynthesis of oligomannosyl side chains in the mannan acid-labile fraction, in a particulate insoluble fractions prepared from Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain cells grown at 27 degrees C and at 37 degrees C in a yeast extract-added Sabouraud liquid medium (YSLM). The beta-1,2-MT VI-6 prepared from the cells grown at 27 degrees C exhibited the maximum activity at pH 7.0 and at 30 degrees C. The beta-1,2-MT VI-6 activity was only slightly affected by Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but completely inhibited by...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Goto K, Suzuki A, Shibata N, Okawa Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Vasodilator effects of ibudilast on retinal blood vessels in anesthetized rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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Ibudilast (3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyridine) is clinically used as a cerebral vasodilator in Japan. However, the effects of ibudilast on retinal blood vessels have not been fully examined. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of ibudilast on retinal blood vessels in rats in vivo. Male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks old) were anesthetized with thiobutabarbital (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). Retinal vascular images were captured with a fundus camera system for small animals, and the diameter of retinal blood vessels was measured. Ibudilast (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, intravenously (i....
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Noguchi M, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion by use of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger knockout mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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Involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion by use of NCX knockout mice and the selective ligand SEA0400 to NCX was examined. In the SEA0400-administered group, the latency to clonic convulsion was extended into 210 s, although the latency to clonic convulsion was observed until 100 s in control group. SEA0400 had little effect on bicuculline-induced clonic seizure nicotine-induced wild running and 4-aminopyridine-induced tonic flexion, respectively. Tonic flexion convulsion was occurred three fifth in the wild type mice group by administration of PTZ, but tonic flexion was not...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Saito R, Kaneko E, Tanaka Y, Honda K, Matsuda T, Baba A, Komuro I, Kita S, Iwamoto T, Takano Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Effect of resveratrol on helicobacter pylori-induced interleukin-8 secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and morphological changes in human gastric epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpressed in the gastric mucosa when exposed to Helicobacter pylori, defined as a class I carcinogen. Moreover, infection with H. pylori leads to morphological changes in co-cultured cells known as hummingbird phenomenon along with increased motility. Resveratrol, a highly abundant polyphenol in red grapes, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. However, the effect of resveratrol in H. pylori-infected cells has not been investigated. The present study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zaidi SF, Ahmed K, Yamamoto T, Kondo T, Usmanghani K, Kadowaki M, Sugiyama T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Identification of candidate genes determining chemosensitivity to anti-cancer drugs of gastric cancer cell lines.Email this article to a colleague.
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In order to efficiently develop improved cancer therapies it is important to predict the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. In this regard, identification of genes that are related to drug sensitivity is vital. We previously established a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines (JFCR39) and a panel aiming for organ-specific analysis of 45 human cancer cell lines (JFCR45). Here, we focus on 20 human gastric cancer cell lines from JFCR45, a panel of human cancer cell lines to predict genes that determine chemosensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. We measured both chemosensitivity to a range of anti-cancer drugs as well as changes in...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nakamura T, Nakatsu N, Yoshida Y, Yamazaki K, Dan S, Sadahiro S, Makuuchi H, Yamori T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Morphological transformation and phosphatidylserine exposure in erythrocytes treated with ribavirin.Email this article to a colleague.
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The effects of intracellular ribavirin on morphology and redistribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) in human erythrocytes were examined. Erythrocytes were incubated with 1 mM ribavirin in the presence/absence of dipyridamole, an inhibitor of es-type nucleoside transporter. Intracellular ribavirin was accumulated in erythrocytes with the concentration of 1361 muM, which corresponds to the blood level in patients receiving ribavirin. Dipyridamole reduced ribavirin accumulation by 40.7% (807 muM) via inhibiting es-type nucleoside transporter on erythrocytes. Morphological transformation into echinocytic form was observed i...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Homma M, Hosono H, Hasegawa Y, Kohda Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Demonstration of basic proteins that bind retinoic acid in the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL60.Email this article to a colleague.
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Retinoic acid (RA) has a variety of biological effects in mammalian cells and tissues. It is well known that RA is a potent anticancer agent that induces differentiation of leukemia cells as well as inhibiting cell growth. The current study examined HL60 proteins using anti-RA monoclonal antibodies (ARMAs) and found that some RA-binding proteins may be histones. These proteins eluted in the void volume fractions following Mono Q anion exchange chromatography and immunostained with ARMAs. These ARMAs showed specific binding to the proteins in a saturable manner that depended on antibody concentration. Certain of these p...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takahashi N, Ohba T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Oligovascular signaling in white matter stroke.Email this article to a colleague.
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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in developed countries. Since protecting neurons alone is not sufficient for stroke therapy, research has shifted to the rescue of multiple cell types in the brain. In particular, attention has focused on the study of how cerebral blood vessels and brain cells communicate with each other. Recent findings suggest that cerebral endothelial cells may secrete trophic factors that nourish neighboring cells. Although data are strongest in terms of supporting endothelial-neuronal interactions, it is likely that similar interactions occur in white matter as well. In t...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Arai K, Lo EH Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Over-expression of senescence Marker Protein-30 decreases reactive oxygen species in human hepatic carcinoma Hep G2 cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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Senescence Marker Protein-30 (SMP30) is an androgen-independent factor that decreases with aging. We recently characterized SMP30 as a gluconolactonase (GNL) involved in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C and established that SMP30 knockout mice could not synthesize vitamin C in vivo. Although mice normally synthesize vitamin C, humans are prevented from doing so by mutations that have altered the gluconolactone oxidase gene during evolution. Even the SMP30/GNL present abundantly in the human liver does not synthesize vitamin C in vivo. To clarify the functions of this SMP30/GNL, we transfected the human SMP30/GNL g...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Handa S, Maruyama N, Ishigami A Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Chlorpyrifos induces delayed cytotoxicity after withdrawal in primary hippocampal neurons through extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, CPF withdrawal after exposure induced delayed cytotoxicity in cultured neurons. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was found to be related to the delayed cytotoxicity. This finding may provide a new insight into the toxicological mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides, especially chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by delayed occurrence.
PMID: 19801823 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin)
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tan DH, Peng SQ, Wu YL, Wang YM, Lu CF, Ding W, Wang QX, Yan CH Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Fad24 causes hyperplasia in adipose tissue and improves glucose metabolism.Email this article to a colleague.
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We have previously reported that a novel gene, factor for adipocyte differentiation (fad) 24, promotes adipogenesis in vitro. To examine the role of fad24 in adipogenesis in vivo and the development of obesity, transgenic mice overexpressing fad24 were generated using mouse fad24 cDNA under the control of a chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer. The comparison of the ability of fibroblasts from fad24 transgenic embryos to differentiate into adipocytes with that of fibroblasts from wild-type embryos revealed that fad24 overexpression promotes adipogenesis in embryonic fibroblasts. The weight and histo...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Johmura Y, Watanabe K, Kishimoto K, Ueda T, Shimada S, Osada S, Nishizuka M, Imagawa M Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Toll-like receptor 4-mediated myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent signaling pathway is activated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in hippocampal CA1 region in mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway plays an essential role in inflammation resulting from invading microbes. However, whether the signaling pathway is activated in the inflammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its mechanism is still unclear. In this experiment mice were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion group and TLR4-blocked group with different time points of reperfusion at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h . Mice cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries (CCA) bilaterally. TLR4 signaling pa...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gao Y, Fang X, Sun H, Wang Y, Yao LJ, Li JP, Tong Y, Zhang B, Liu Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Identification of a novel planarian G-protein-coupled receptor that responds to serotonin in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we isolated a serotonin receptor gene and named it DjSER-7 (Dugesia japonica serotonin receptor type 7). DjSER-7-expressing cells were distributed in the planarian brain. According to electrophysiological analysis using Xenopus oocytes, current response was detected upon exposure to serotonin, but not other neurotransmitters in oocytes that were co-injected with mRNAs of both DjSER-7 and Galpha chimera B-2, which can interact with either Gq-, Gs- or Gi-coupled receptor. In contrast, current response was not detected after exposure to neurotransmitters in oocytes injected with only DjSER-7 mRNA. Our results i...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nishimura K, Unemura K, Tsushima J, Yamauchi Y, Otomo J, Taniguchi T, Kaneko S, Agata K, Kitamura Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Doxycycline attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase activity in rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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Our objective was to investigate the effects of doxycycline, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (MMPi) on beta-agonist-induced myocardial fibrosis and MMP expression. Twenly-four Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into 3 groups: control (CTL; n=8), isoproterenol (ISO; n=8), and isoproterenol with doxycycline (ISO+DOX; n=8). ISO and ISO+DOX rats received L-isoproterenol (2.0 mg/kg/d) for 14 d, whereas the CTL group received vehicle. In addition, ISO+DOX rats received a subcutaneous injection of doxycycline (25 mg/kg/d) for 14 d, whereas CTL and ISO rats were injected with saline. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated via h...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hori Y, Kunihiro S, Sato S, Yoshioka K, Hara Y, Kanai K, Hoshi F, Itoh N, Higuchi S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Protective effects of the active part of Artemisia sacrorum ledeb. against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the active part of Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. Extract (ASE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. As a result, pretreated with ASE prior to the administration of APAP significantly prevented the increases of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in serum, and glutathione (GSH) depletion, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissue. In addition, ASE prevented APAP-induced apoptosis and necrosis, as indicated by a liver histopathological analysis and DNA ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yuan HD, Jin GZ, Piao GC Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Clitocybins, novel isoindolinone free radical scavengers, from mushroom Clitocybe aurantiaca inhibit apoptotic cell death and cellular senescence.Email this article to a colleague.
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High concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a role in damaging biological systems. We isolated clitocybin A from the culture broth of Clitocybe aurantiaca and then clitocybin B and C derivatives were synthesized from clitocybin A. IMR-90 lung fibroblast cells were pre-treated or post-treated with clitocybin A, B and C to the addition of 100 muM H(2)O(2). These compounds inhibited the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H(2)O(2)-induced cell death as judged by hypodiploid cell formation. The inhibitory effect of clitocybins on H(2)O(2)-induced cell death was comparable to...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Moon EY, Oh JM, Kim YH, Ryoo IJ, Yoo ID Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Suppression of formalin-induced nociception by cilnidipine, a voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker.Email this article to a colleague.
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Cilnidipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine-derived voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker and suppresses N-type VDCC currents in addition to L-type VDCC currents. An earlier investigation has suggested that intrathecally injected cilnidipine produces antinociception by blocking N-type VDCCs in mice. The present study using the rat formalin model examined antinociceptive effects of intrathecally and orally administered cilnidipine to elucidate a putative site of antinociception of cilnidipine, assess the efficacy of oral cilnidipine for pain relief, and clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive ef...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Koganei H, Shoji M, Iwata S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on memory disturbance and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in thiamine-deficient rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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Effects of yokukansan (TJ-54) on memory disturbance and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were investigated in thiamine-deficient (TD) rats which were produced by feeding a TD diet for 37 d. Daily oral administration of TJ-54 (0.5, 1.0 g/kg) ameliorated the memory disturbance, anxiety-like behavior, the increase in aggressive behaviors, the decrease in social behaviors, and several neurological symptoms including opisthotonus observed in TD rats, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, histopathological examinations showed that TJ-54 inhibited the degeneration of neuronal and astroglial cells in...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ikarashi Y, Iizuka S, Imamura S, Yamaguchi T, Sekiguchi K, Kanno H, Kawakami Z, Yuzurihara M, Kase Y, Takeda S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Ginsenoside Rh2 ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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To understand memory-enhancing effect of red ginseng biotransformed by Bifidobacterium longum H-1 (RGB), which more potently improved scopolamine-induced learning deficit than red ginseng in the preliminary experiment, its main constituents, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2, were isolated and their memory-enhancing effects investigated in scopolamine-treated mice by using passive avoidance and Y-maze tests. Among them, ginsenoside Rh2 most potently reversed memory impairment caused by scopolamine. Ginsenoside Rh2 also significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by scopolamine in the Morris water maze test (p<...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yang JH, Han SJ, Ryu JH, Jang IS, Kim DH Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
A possible mechanism underlying an antidepressive-like effect of Kososan, a Kampo medicine, via the hypothalamic orexinergic system in the stress-induced depression-like model mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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Kososan, a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, has an antidepressive-like effect in behavioral animal models of depression and has been used clinically for the improvement of depressive mood. However, mechanism(s) underlying the antidepressive-like effect of kososan remain unknown. Previous studies showed that orexin-A (OX-A), a neuropeptide that is involved in feeding and arousal, exhibits an antidepressive-like property via hippocampal cell proliferation. Here, we used immunohistochemical analysis with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of proliferating cells, to investigate the effect of long-term treatment with kosos...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ito N, Yabe T, Nagai T, Oikawa T, Yamada H, Hanawa T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
A novel gamma-lactam-based histone deacetylase inhibitor potently inhibits the growth of human breast and renal cancer cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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We evaluated the novel gamma-lactam-based analogue, KBH-A145, for its anticancer activities. KBH-A145 markedly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in vitro and in vivo to an extent comparable to suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The proliferation of various types of cancers was significantly suppressed by KBH-A145, among which MDA-MB-231 and MCF, human breast cancer cells and ACHN human renal cancer cells, were most sensitive. This was accompanied by induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1) through compromised recruitment of HDAC1, which leads to hyperacetylation of its promoter region and thus arrested both cells ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kwon HK, Ahn SH, Park SH, Park JH, Park JW, Kim HM, Park SK, Lee K, Lee CW, Choi E, Han G, Han JW Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
TJN-259 improves mesangial lesions in experimental immunoglobulin a nephropathy in ddY mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study was performed in order to elucidate the antinephritic effects of TJN-259 in experimental immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. In this study, 28-week-old ddY mice were used as a spontaneous model of IgA nephropathy. With regard to spontaneous IgA nephropathy, we investigated the effects of TJN-259 administered from 28 to 40 weeks. In addition, an accelerated model of IgA nephropathy was experimentally induced in ddY mice by oral administration of bovine serum albumin, followed by reticuloendothelial blocking by colloidal carbon injection and heminephrectomy. At 10 weeks after the 3rd carbon injection, we also exam...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sadakane C, Hattori T, Koseki J, Inagaki Y, Hasegawa Y, Shindo S, Takeda S, Takeda H Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in the liver of db/db mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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The effect of morroniside on lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in the liver of type 2 diabetes model mice was investigated in this study. Male C57BLKS/J db/db mice were divided into the three groups: control (vehicle), morroniside 20, or 100 mg/kg body weight-treated mice. The elevated serum triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase levels as well as hepatic glucose and lipids contents in db/db mice were significantly decreased by the 8-week oral administration of morroniside in a dose-dependent manner. The generations of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reactive oxygen species induced b...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Park CH, Yamabe N, Noh JS, Kang KS, Tanaka T, Yokozawa T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Processed aconite root prevents cold-stress-induced hypothermia and immuno-suppression in mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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Processed aconite root (PA) is a crude drug used in traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine to generate heat in interior body and dispel cold. We evaluated the effects of PA on hypothermia and reduction in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in mice exposed to chronic cold stress. Male mice were reared at 4 degrees C, and powdered PA was administered for 10 d as a food additive. Core body temperature of mice significantly decreased by approximately 1 degrees C after rearing in a cold environment, and PA administration significantly restored the reduction in core body temperature in a dose-dependent manner. After...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Makino T, Kato K, Mizukami H Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cell (Jurkat) by neolignans isolated from seeds of Licaria puchury-major.Email this article to a colleague.
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Ethanol extract of the seeds of Licaria puchury-major, a Brazilian herbal medicine, was found to inhibit cell proliferation in human leukemia cell line (Jurkat) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active components led to the isolation of one phenylpropanoid (1) and ten neolignans (2-11). The apoptosis-inducing activity of the compounds showing cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Among the identified neolignans, compounds 3, 4, 6 and 7 which have similar molecular structures, showed apoptotic activity. To el...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Uchiyama T, Tabata K, Nomura S, Kaneko Y, Fujimoto Y, Suzuki T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Biodegradable microspheres based on gelatin-porcine mucin admixtures: in vitro and in vivo delivery studies.Email this article to a colleague.
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Soluble mucus glycoprotein (S-mucin) processed from the small intestines (ileal region) of freshly slaughtered pigs via homogenization, dialysis, centrifugation and lyophilization and their admixtures with type B gelatin were used to prepare cefaclor-loaded microspheres by the emulsification-crosslinking method. The microspheres were evaluated for the in vitro delivery of cefaclor in both simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) without pepsin (pH 1.2). Results obtained indicated that the microspheres formulated were highly mucoadhesive and that release of cefaclor ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ofokansi KC, Okorie O, Adikwu MU Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Apoptosis inducing activity of fucoidan in HCT-15 colon carcinoma cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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The antitumor activity of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus was investigated in human colon carcinoma cells. The crude fucoidan, a polysaccharide composed predominantly of sulfated fucose, markedly inhibited the growth of HCT-15 cells (human colon carcinoma cells). After HCT-15 cells were treated with fucoidan, several apoptotic events such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and increase of the population of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed. In the mechanism of fucoidan-induced apoptosis, we examined changes in Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression levels and activation of caspases. Fucoidan decreased Bcl-2 ex...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hyun JH, Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Boo HJ, Kwon JM, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Park DB, Yoo ES, Kang HK Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Mechanism of insulin uptake in rat alveolar type II and type I-like epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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The mechanism underlying the handling of protein and peptide drugs such as insulin in alveolar epithelial cells is still unclear. We therefore examined fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC)-insulin uptake in rat primary cultured alveolar type II epithelial cells and in transdifferentiated type I-like cells. FITC-insulin uptake in these cells was much higher than those of FITC-immunoglobulin (IgG), transferrin, and dextran. FITC-insulin uptake was time- and concentration-dependent, and was almost completely inhibited by metabolic inhibitors in both cells, while bafilomycin A(1) inhibited the uptake only in type II c...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ikehata M, Yumoto R, Kato Y, Nagai J, Takano M Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
Inhibitory effect of panduratin A on c-Jun N-terminal kinase and activator protein-1 signaling involved in Porphyromonas gingivalis supernatant-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human oral epidermoid cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we clarified if mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling mediated MMP-9 expression by examining the effect of specific MAPK inhibitors, i.e. U0126, SB203580, and SP600125, on P. gingivalis supernatant-stimulated MMP-9 expression in KB cells. We next elucidated the molecular mechanism by which panduratin A attenuated signaling pathways involved in MMP-9 expression by performing gelatin zymography, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and promoter assays. Exposure of KB cells to P. gingivalis supernatant up-regulated the expression of MMP-9 protein and gene, and activatio...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yanti , Lee M, Kim D, Hwang JK Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
The function of Notch1 signaling was increased in parallel with neurogenesis in rat hippocampus after chronic fluoxetine administration.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, the function of Notch1 signaling was investigated by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot at different time points (14 d or 28 d) after fluoxetine administration. Simultaneously, hippocampal neurogenesis was determined by assessing cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. mRNA and protein expression of Notch1 signaling components (including Jag1, NICD, Hes1 and Hes5) in the hippocampus increased after fluoxetine administration, accompanied by cell proliferation and survival. These results indicate that chronic fluoxetine administration activates Notch1 signaling in the hippocam...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sui Y, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Xie C, Li Y, Xi G Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
11-Tungstophosphate with iron(II) and hydrogen peroxide efficiently detached bacterial biofilm.Email this article to a colleague.
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An attempt was made to detach bacterial biofilm, formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, by using hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and tungsten compounds. When iron(II) (Fe(2+)) was mixed with undecatungstophosphate ([PW(11)O(39)](7-)) and then H(2)O(2), the resulting mixture was able to totally remove the biofilm probably because of co-generation of (1)O(2) and .OH. A mixture of undecatungstosilicate ([SiW(11)O(39)](8-)) and Fe(2+) (or Cu(2+)) also gave a good result, but their catalytic activities for producing .OH (or (1)O(2)) were rather weak. An electron microscopic study showed that almost nothing was visible on the su...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tajima Y, Takagi R, Nakajima T, Yasuda T, Kominato Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: journals
