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Hydrogen production of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium, Thermotoga neapolitana under N2 sparging condition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gas sparging was found to be a useful technique to reduce hydrogen partial pressure in the liquid phase to enhance the hydrogen yields of strictly anaerobically fermentative bacteria. The effect of nitrogen (N(2)) sparging on hydrogen yield was investigated in sterile and non-sterile conditions using a pure strain of the hyperthermophilic eubacteria, Thermotoga neapolitana with glucose or xylose as a carbon source. The maximum hydrogen accumulations reached 41% of the gaseous mixtures after 30-40 h. Two applications of N(2) sparging after the H(2) content in the headspace reached the maximum levels gave an increase of ...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Nguyen TA, Han SJ, Kim JP, Kim MS, Sim SJ Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effect of a buffer mixture system on the activity of lipases during immobilization process.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the effects of various buffers and ionic strengths on the immobilization of Candida rugosa and Rhizopus oryzae lipases were investigated to enhance the activities of the immobilized lipases. Among the various buffers, the optimal buffers and ionic strength for the immobilization of C. rugosa and R. oryzae lipases were determined to be a mixture of 0.25M MOPs and sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). Moreover, the activities of immobilized C. rugosa and R. oryzae lipases under their optimal conditions were 3756.11 and 2845.21U/g matrix, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of immobilized lipases increased by a...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee JH, Kim SB, Park C, Kim SW Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Esterification of free fatty acids using water-tolerable Amberlyst as a heterogeneous catalyst.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To produce biodiesel from high free fatty acid (FFA) oils, the esterification characteristics of two kinds of heterogeneous acid catalysts, Amberlyst 15 and Amberlyst BD20, were compared. When the FFA contents of oils were 50.0 and 99.8 wt%, the activity of Amberlyst 15 gradually decreased with recycling, whereas the activity of Amberlyst BD20 was maintained during recycling. The activity of Amberlyst 15 was inhibited by the water produced during the esterification process, but the activity of Amberlyst BD20 was not similarly affected by water. In images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), many pores we...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Park JY, Kim DK, Lee JS Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effect of high temperature on bacterial community dynamics in anaerobic acidogenesis using mesophilic sludge inoculum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the microbial community dynamics in thermal acidogenesis using mesophilic sludge. From the result of optimization with a response surface methodology, the acidogenic optimum conditions predicted were a hydraulic retention time of 2.0 days and 51 degrees C. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles shows that the monitored bacterial community present consists of Pseudomonas mendocina, Bacillus halodurans, Clostridium hastiforme, Gracilibacter thermotolerans, and Thermomonas haemolytica. Among these, B. halodurans, G. thermotolerans, and T. haemolytica are reported to ferment carb...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kim W, Hwang K, Shin SG, Lee S, Hwang S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Selection of microalgae for lipid production under high levels carbon dioxide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To select microalgae with a high biomass and lipid productivity, Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus sp. were cultivated with ambient air containing 10% CO(2) and flue gas. The biomass and lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. with 10% CO(2) were 217.50 and 20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1) (9% of biomass), while those for B. braunii were 26.55 and 5.51 mg L(-1)d(-1) (21% of biomass). With flue gas, the lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. and B. braunii was increased 1.9-fold (39.44 mg L(-1)d(-1)) and 3.7-fold (20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1)), respectively. Oleic acid, a main component of biodiesel, occupied 55% among...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yoo C, Jun SY, Lee JY, Ahn CY, Oh HM Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Hydrogen production from formic acid in pH-stat fed-batch operation for direct supply to fuel cell.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Enterobacter asburiae SNU-1 harvested after cultivation was used as a whole cell biocatalyst, for the production of hydrogen. Formic acid was efficiently converted to hydrogen using the harvested cells with an initial hydrogen production rate and total hydrogen production of 491 ml/l/h and 6668 ml/l, respectively, when 1 g/l of whole cell enzyme was used. Moreover, new pH-stat fed-batch operation was conducted, and total hydrogen production was 1.4 times higher than that of batch operation. For practical application, bio-hydrogen produced from formic acid using harvested cells was directly applied to PEMFC for power ge...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Shin JH, Yoon JH, Lee SH, Park TH Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Steam reforming of biomass tar producing H2-rich gases over Ni/MgOx/CaO1-x catalyst.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Series nickel catalysts Ni/MgO(x)/CaO(1-)(x) (x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, Ni: 5 wt%) were prepared and tested in fixed-bed reactor for biomass tar steam reforming, toluene as tar destruction model compound. Different ratios of MgO and CaO were mixed to simulate dolomite as Ni support. Two preparation methods: solid mixing with (SMW) and without water (SM) were used, the preparation methods and concentration of MgO had an important influence on toluene conversion and products. Catalysts prepared by SM method exhibited higher performance on toluene conversion, resulted in higher H(2) yield, and also, higher CO(2) and lower CO selec...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Li C, Hirabayashi D, Suzuki K Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Steam reforming of biomass gasification tar using benzene as a model compound over various Ni supported metal oxide catalysts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The steam reforming of benzene as a model compound of biomass gasification tar was carried out over various Ni/metal oxide catalysts. The effects of the support, temperature, Ni-precursor, Ni loading and reaction time were examined, and their catalytic performance was compared with that of a commercial Ni catalyst. Among the Ni/metal oxide catalysts used, 15 wt% Ni/CeO(2)(75%)-ZrO(2)(25%) showed the highest catalytic performance owing to its greater redox characteristics and increased surface area, irrespective of the reaction temperature. The catalytic activity of 15 wt% Ni/CeO(2)(75%)-ZrO(2)(25%) was higher than that...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Park HJ, Park SH, Sohn JM, Park J, Jeon JK, Kim SS, Park YK Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Methanogenic population dynamics assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in sludge granule in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket treating swine wastewater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treating swine wastewater was operated for 382 days to evaluate the process performance and methanogenic population dynamics. A real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) was used to detect and quantify the 16S rRNA gene concentrations of the domain Archaea, the four methanogenic orders, and the two aceticlastic families. Extended intervals of consistently stable and efficient wastewater treatment with a final hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.5 days were sustained. A high abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens was observed, with Methanobacteriales as the major group, su...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Song M, Shin SG, Hwang S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Various methods, including autoclaving, bead-beating, microwaves, sonication, and a 10% NaCl solution, were tested to identify the most effective cell disruption method. The total lipids from Botryococcus sp., Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus sp. were extracted using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (1:1). The lipid contents from the three species were 5.4-11.9, 7.9-8.1, 10.0-28.6, 6.1-8.8, and 6.8-10.9 g L(-1) when using autoclaving, bead-beating, microwaves, sonication, and a 10% NaCl solution, respectively. Botryococcus sp. showed the highest oleic acid productivity at 5.7 mg L(-1)d(-1) when the cells were di...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee JY, Yoo C, Jun SY, Ahn CY, Oh HM Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Fermentative hydrogen production from tofu-processing waste and anaerobic digester sludge using microbial consortium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicates that the combination of tofu-processing waste and digester sludge can be considered to be one of the most promising forms of organic waste for continuous H(2) production. PMID: 19394818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bioresource Technology)
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kim MS, Lee DY Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effects of organic loading rates on the continuous electricity generation from fermented wastewater using a single-chamber microbial fuel cell.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Novel coupling of single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with granular activated carbon anodes were constructed, and their ability to produce electricity from fermented wastewater operating in continuous mode was investigated. MFCs treating real fermented wastewater can generate a power density of approximately 1884 mW/m(3), which is equivalent to approximately 51.5% of that obtained from the MFCs (3664 mW/m(3)) using acetate at the same organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.92 g/Ld. As the OLR was increased in a stepwise fashion, power density increased to 2981 mW/m(3) at an OLR of 3.84 g/Ld. The corresponding energy pr...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Nam JY, Kim HW, Lim KH, Shin HS Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Continuous H2 and CH4 production from high-solid food waste in the two-stage thermophilic fermentation process with the recirculation of digester sludge.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A thermophilic two-stage fermentation process using 10% total solids (TS) food waste was tested at varying organic loading rates (OLRs). The system was configured to produce H(2) and CH(4) in conjugation with the chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen removal, and adjustment of the pH by returning sludge as an alkali buffer from the sludge storage tank for denitrification. The pH in the H(2) fermentation reactor was maintained in the range of 5.4-5.7 using sludge recirculation (Q(r)/Q(i) ratio 1). The average H(2) (11.1l-H(2) l(-1)-fed d(-1)) and CH(4) (47.4l-CH(4) l(-1)-fed d(-1)) production rates were achieved at OLR...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee DY, Ebie Y, Xu KQ, Li YY, Inamori Y Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effects of prolonged starvation on methanogenic population dynamics in anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the relationship between the processes and microbial populations induced by long-term starvation. To demonstrate the effects of starvation, a laboratory-scale anaerobic reactor was operated in three phases (first reaction, starvation, second reaction) for 316 days. During the first reaction, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration decreased by about 70% of the input swine wastewater and 64L of methane gas was produced; during the second reaction, there was a 63% COD reduction and 36L of methane was produced. The methanogenic diversity, qualitatively monitored with denaturing gradient gel elec...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hwang K, Song M, Kim W, Kim N, Hwang S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Esterification of used vegetable oils using the heterogeneous WO3/ZrO2 catalyst for production of biodiesel.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tungsten oxide zirconia, sulfated zirconia and Amberlyst-15 were examined as a catalyst for a conversion of used vegetable oils (VOs) to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Among them, tungsten oxide zirconia was a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from used VOs because of high activity in the conversion over 93% and no leaching WO(3) in the esterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, stirring speed, WO(3) loading over ZrO(2) and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst was charac...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Park YM, Lee JY, Chung SH, Park IS, Lee SY, Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee KY Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Enhancement of bioenergy production and effluent quality by integrating optimized acidification with submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To ensure effluent quality in the treatment of high-strength organic waste and enhance CH(4) production, this study investigates the applicability of process optimization and a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) for a two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system. The use of response surface methodology (RSM) suggests that the optimum conditions for maximum volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.01 days and a substrate concentration of 29.30 g/L based on chemical oxygen demands (COD). A confirmation experiment showed that an empirical model could predict a VFA increa...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jeong E, Kim HW, Nam JY, Shin HS Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Process design and simulation of H2-rich gases production from biomass pyrolysis process.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, biomass pyrolysis process for producing H(2)-rich gas is presented. The whole biomass pyrolysis process is established and simulated based on rigorous thermodynamic model, which includes pyrolysis reactor connecting one oil cracking reactor, water gas reactor and a gasifier. The simulation results are verified by the laboratory scale experimental measurements. Then, the influence of main operation parameters such as seam/biomass ratio, temperature (pyrolysis reactor, oil thermal cracking and gasifier) on the composition of fuel gas and hydrogen yield is discussed. Lastly, the optimization results are availab...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Li C, Suzuki K Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

The characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using a biodiesel with antioxidants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel fuel, the engine performance and the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Biodiesel fuel used in the study was derived from soybean oil. The results show that the efficiency of antioxidants is in the order TBHQ>PrG>BHA>BHT>alpha-tocopherol. The oxidative stability of biodiesel fuel attained the 6-h quality standard with 100 ppm TBHQ and with 300 ppm PrG in biodiesel fuel. Combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in diesel engine were not influenced by the addition of antioxidants in biodiesel...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ryu K Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

The second Renewable Energy 2008 International Conference.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19765982 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bioresource Technology)
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee JS, Saka S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Life-cycle energy and environmental analysis of bioethanol production from cassava in Thailand.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the life-cycle energy and environmental assessment was conducted for bioethanol production from cassava in Thailand. The scope covered all stages in the life cycle of bioethanol production including cultivating, chip processing, transportation and bioethanol conversion. The input-output data were collected at plantation sites and ethanol plants which included materials usage, energy consumption, and all emissions. From the energy analysis, the results show that cassava-based bioethanol has a negative net energy value with an energy ratio was less than 1, indicating a net energy loss. For the environmental pe...
Source: Bioresource Technology - October 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Papong S, Malakul P Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Livestock waste treatment systems of the future: a challenge to environmental quality, food safety, and sustainability. OECD Workshop.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19682658 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bioresource Technology)
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 19, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Vanotti M, Szogi A, Pilar Bernal M, Martinez J Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Erratum to: "Ethanol fermentation of acid-hydrolyzed cellulosic pyrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae".Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19685578 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bioresource Technology)
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 19, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

The potential of Pleurotus-treated olive mill solid waste as cattle feed.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of the current study were to follow: (1) the capability of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade cell wall components and soluble phenols of the olive mill solid waste (OMSW), and improve it for ruminant nutrition (2) the fate of oil and the lipid-soluble compounds tocopherols, squalene and beta-sitosterol in the fermented OMSW. A significant decrease in oil and lipid-soluble compounds with a concomitant shift in the fatty acid profile and degradation of soluble phenols took place already after 14d. The utilization of lipids by the fungus shifted the degradation of the structural carbohydrates to ...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Shabtay A, Hadar Y, Eitam H, Brosh A, Orlov A, Tadmor Y, Izhaki I, Kerem Z Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. Hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. Size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn stover (Zea mays L.) in an instrumented knife mill. Direct power inputs were determined for different knife mill screen openings from 12.7 to 50.8mm, rotor speeds between 250 and 500rpm, and mass feed rates from 1 to 11k...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bitra VS, Womac AR, Igathinathane C, Miu PI, Yang YT, Smith DR, Chevanan N, Sokhansanj S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Hydrolysis of cellulose derived from steam exploded bagasse by Penicillium cellulases: Comparison with commercial cellulase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A complete cellulase from Penicillium pinophilum was evaluated for the hydrolysis of alpha-cellulose derived from steam exploded sugarcane bagasse and other cellulosic substrates. alpha-Cellulose at 1% substrate concentration was completely hydrolyzed by Penicillium cellulase within 3h wherein at 10% the hydrolysis was 100% within 24h with an enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g. The hydrolysate yielded glucose as major end product as analyzed by HPLC. Under similar conditions, hydrolysis of Sigmacell (microcrystalline cellulose), CP-123 (pulverized cellulose powder) and ball milled Solka Floc were 42%, 56% and 52%, respectively...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Singh R, Varma AJ, Seeta Laxman R, Rao M Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Biocompatible epoxy modified bio-based polyurethane nanocomposites: Mechanical property, cytotoxicity and biodegradation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epoxy modified Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (MFLSO) based polyurethane nanocomposites with different weight % of clay loadings (1%, 2.5% and 5%) have been evaluated as biocompatible materials. The nanocomposites were prepared by ex situ solution technique under high mechanical shearing and ultrasonication at room temperature. The partially exfoliated nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and scratch hardness were improved 2 a...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Dutta S, Karak N, Saikia JP, Konwar BK Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Laccase detoxification of steam-exploded wheat straw for second generation bioethanol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this work we compared the efficiency of a laccase treatment performed on steam-exploded wheat straw pretreated under soft conditions (water impregnation) or harsh conditions (impregnation with diluted acid). The effect of several enzymatic treatment parameters (pH, time of incubation, laccase origin and loading) was analysed. The results obtained indicated that severity conditions applied during steam explosion have an influence on the efficiency of detoxification. A reduction of the toxic effect of phenolic compounds by laccase polymerization of free phenols was demonstrated. Laccase treatment of steam-exploded whe...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jurado M, Prieto A, Martínez-Alcalá A, Martínez AT, Martínez MJ Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Anaerobic degradation pathway and kinetics of domestic wastewater at low temperatures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of temperatures below 20 degrees C (20, 15 and 10 degrees C) on the anaerobic degradation pathway and kinetics of domestic wastewater fractionated at different sizes was studied in a fluidized-bed batch reactor. The overall degradation pathway was characterized by a soluble fraction degrading according to zero-order kinetics and a colloidal fraction (between 0.45 and 4.5mum) that first disintegrates into a particulate fraction smaller than 0.45mum before finally degrading. The colloidal degradation processes follow a first-order kinetic. In contrast, suspended solids (bigger than 4.5mum) degrade to soluble a...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lew B, Tarre S, Beliavski M, Green M Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Cordia verbenacea extracts obtained by different methods.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study describes the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of extracts from Cordia verbenacea DC (Borraginaceae), a traditional medicinal plant that grows widely along the southeastern coast of Brazil. The extracts were obtained using different extraction techniques: high-pressure operations and low-pressure methods. The high-pressure technique was applied to obtain C. verbenacea extracts using pure CO(2) and CO(2) with co-solvent at pressures up to 30MPa and temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 degrees C. Organic solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and dichloromethane were used...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Michielin EM, Salvador AA, Riehl CA, Smânia A, Smânia EF, Ferreira SR Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Profiling of cellulose content in Indian seaweed species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cellulose contents were estimated in 12 seaweed samples belonging to different families e.g. red, brown and green, growing in Indian waters. Each cellulose sample was fractionated to yield alpha (alpha) and beta (beta) celluloses. Characterization was done using various analytical tools and results were validated by comparison with those of the cellulose obtained from Whatman filter paper No. 4. The greatest yields of cellulose (crude), alpha- and beta-cellulose were obtained from Gelidiella acerosa (13.65%), Chamaedoris auriculata (9.0%) and G. acerosa (3.10%). G. acerosa was also found to contain relatively high amou...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Siddhanta AK, Prasad K, Meena R, Prasad G, Mehta GK, Chhatbar MU, Oza MD, Kumar S, Sanandiya ND Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Modeling the effects of pelleting on the logistics of distillers grains shipping.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to examine some of these issues by developing a computer model to determine potential cost ramifications of using various alternative technologies during ethanol processing. This paper focuses specifically on adding a densification unit operation (i.e., pelleting) to produce value-added DDGS at a fuel ethanol manufacturing plant. We have examined the economic implications of pelleting DDGS for varying DDGS production rates (100-1000 tons/d) and pelleting rates (0-100%), for a series of DDGS sales prices ($50-$200/ton). As the proportion of pelleting increases, the cost of transporting DDGS t...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Rosentrater KA, Kongar E Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effects of mixing system and pilot fuel quality on diesel-biogas dual fuel engine performance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes results obtained from CI engine performance running on dual fuel mode at fixed engine speed and four loads, varying the mixing system and pilot fuel quality, associated with fuel composition and cetane number. The experiments were carried out on a power generation diesel engine at 1500m above sea level, with simulated biogas (60% CH(4)-40% CO(2)) as primary fuel, and diesel and palm oil biodiesel as pilot fuels. Dual fuel engine performance using a naturally aspirated mixing system and diesel as pilot fuel was compared with engine performance attained with a supercharged mixing system and biodiesel...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bedoya ID, Arrieta AA, Cadavid FJ Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Semi-continuous biohydrogen production as an approach to generate electricity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this work, a semi-continuous biological system was established to produce hydrogen and generate electricity by coupling the bioreactor to a fuel cell. Heat and acid pretreatments (at 35 and 55 degrees C) of a seed sludge used as inoculum were performed in order to increase hydrogen producers. Different initial glucose concentrations (IGC) were tested for heat pretreated inoculum at 35 degrees C to determine the optimum concentration of glucose that supported the highest hydrogen production. Results showed that the heat pretreated inoculums (35 degrees C) reached the highest hydrogen molar yield of 2.85molH(2)/mol gl...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: García-Peña EI, Guerrero-Barajas C, Ramirez D, Arriaga-Hurtado LG Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Hybrid process of BAC and sMBR for treating polluted raw water.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The hybrid process of biological activated carbon (BAC) and submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) was evaluated for the drinking water treatment from polluted raw water, with the respective hydraulic retention time of 0.5h. The results confirmed the synergetic effects between the BAC and the subsequent sMBR. A moderate amount of ammonium (54.5%) was decreased in the BAC; while the total removal efficiency was increased to 89.8% after the further treatment by the sMBR. In the hybrid process, adsorption of granular activated carbon (in BAC), two stages of biodegradation (in BAC and sMBR), and separation by the membrane (i...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 11, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tian JY, Chen ZL, Yang YL, Liang H, Nan J, Wang ZZ, Li GB Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

The preparation of High caloric fuel (HCF) from water hyacinth by deoxy-liquefaction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to prepare HCF (High caloric fuel) from WH (water hyacinth) by deoxy-liquefaction and investigate the composition of HCF. The experiment was performed in a closed reactor at different final temperatures (573K, 623K, 673K and 723K) with the heating rate of 60K/min. At 623K, the maximum yield (12.6wt.%) of HCF with heating value of 43.8MJ/kg was obtained. Alkanes, benzene derivatives and phenol derivatives were the dominant components in HCF. The main component in gaseous product was CO(2) (93.2mol%), which meant that the oxygen in WH was released mainly in the form of CO(2). In addition, the el...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 11, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lu W, Wang C, Yang Z Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Rotary drum composting of vegetable waste and tree leaves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High rate composting studies on institutional waste, i.e. vegetable wastes, tree leaves, etc., were conducted on a demonstration-scale (3.5m(3)) rotary drum composter by evaluating changes in some physico-chemical and biological parameters. During composting, higher temperature (60-70 degrees C) at inlet zone and (50-60 degrees C) at middle zone were achieved which resulted in high degradation in the drum. As a result, all parameters including TOC, C/N ratio, CO(2) evolution and coliforms were decreased significantly within few days of composting. Within a week period, quality compost with total nitrogen (2.6%) and fin...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kalamdhad AS, Singh YK, Ali M, Khwairakpam M, Kazmi AA Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Start-up procedures and analysis of heavy metals inhibition on methanogenic activity in EGSB reactor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effectiveness of operating an industrial UASB reactor, treating wastewater from the beer industry, with flows containing heavy metals was evaluated. A pilot-scale UASB reactor, already used to simulate the industrial reactor, was unsuccessfully employed. An easy start-up was obtained arranging it as an EGSB reactor. Considerations about this modification are reported. The effects of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cr(III) ions on the anaerobic activity were analyzed by measurements of methane production rate and COD removal. The employed biomass was the sludge of the industrial UASB reactor, while a solution of ethanol and sodi...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Colussi I, Cortesi A, Vedova LD, Gallo V, Robles FK Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Comparative study of liquefaction process and liquefied products from bamboo using different organic solvents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of various solvents, including phenol, ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene carbonate (EC), and different liquid ratios on the liquefaction of bamboo, have been studied systematically in this paper. The processes were catalyzed by hydrochloride acid at 180 degrees C in autoclaves for different reaction times. The results show that phenol is the optimum solvent for bamboo liquefaction with a yield up to 99%. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analyses of the residues show that cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are almost decomposed when using phenol as solvent. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) res...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yip J, Chen M, Szeto YS, Yan S Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Quantitative analysis of sugars in wood hydrolyzates with (1)H NMR during the autohydrolysis of hardwoods.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The focus of this work was to determine the utility of (1)H NMR spectroscopy in the quantification of sugars resulting from the solubilization of hemicelluloses during the autohydrolysis of hardwoods and the use of this technique to evaluate the kinetics of this process over a range of temperatures and times. Yields of residual xylan, xylooligomers, xylose, glucose, and the degraded products of sugars, i.e., furfural and HMF (5-hydroxymethyl furfural), were determined. The monosaccharide and oligomer contents were quantified with a recently developed high resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis. This method provided...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mittal A, Scott GM, Amidon TE, Kiemle DJ, Stipanovic AJ Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Biodiesel production via transesterification of palm olein using waste mud crab (Scylla serrata) shell as a heterogeneous catalyst.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A recent rise in crab aquaculture activities has intensified the generation of waste shells. In the present study, the waste shells were utilized as a source of calcium oxide to transesterify palm olein into methyl esters (biodiesel). Characterization results revealed that the main component of the shell is calcium carbonate which transformed into calcium oxide when activated above 700 degrees C for 2h. Parametric studies have been investigated and optimal conditions were found to be methanol/oil mass ratio, 0.5:1; catalyst amount, 5wt.%; reaction temperature, 65 degrees C; and a stirring rate of 500rpm. The waste cata...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Boey PL, Maniam GP, Hamid SA Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Antioxidant activities of flavonol derivatives from the leaves and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia Reiss.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the antioxidant activities in the leaves and stem bark fractions of Scutia buxifolia. Cerebral lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was induced by Fe(II) and radical-scavenging activity was determined by DPPH method. Folin-Ciocalteu was used to determine phenolic contents. Quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin and rutin were isolated from leaf ethyl acetate fraction and their levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.-photodiode array detector.IC(50) (DPPH) varied from 4.35+/-1.30 to 29.55+/-0.54mug/mL for stem bark and from 6.50+/-0.40 to 30.54+/-1.14 in the leaves. Ethyl acetate and butanol...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Boligon AA, Pereira RP, Feltrin AC, Machado MM, Janovik V, Rocha JB, Athayde ML Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Impact of impregnation time and chip size on sugar yield in pretreatment of softwood for ethanol production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, chips of different sizes were impregnated with SO(2) and steam-pretreated. Dilute-acid pretreatment together with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in solubilization of between 69% and 73% of the fermentable sugars (glucose and mannose) in the raw material for the combinations of impregnation times and chip sizes investigated. Shorter impregnation times resulted in slightly lower mannose yields for the larger chips, probably due to poor diffusion of the catalyst. Small differences in glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis showed that the overall glucose yield was slightly higher for the smaller chip...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Monavari S, Galbe M, Zacchi G Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Methanol removal efficiency and bacterial diversity of an activated carbon biofilter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Motivated by the need to establish an economical and environmentally friendly methanol control technology for the pulp and paper industry, a bench-scale activated carbon biofiltration system was developed. This system was evaluated for its performance in removing methanol from an artificially contaminated air stream and characterized for its bacterial diversity over time, under varied methanol loading rates, and in different spatial regions of the filter. The biofilter system, composed of a novel packing mixture, provided an excellent support for growth and activity of methanol-degrading bacteria, resulting in approxim...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Babbitt CW, Pacheco A, Lindner AS Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Potential of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves in the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension using in vitro models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leaves from four different Ginkgo biloba L. trees (1 and 2 - females; 3 and 4 - males), grown at the same conditions, were collected during a period of 5months (from June to October, 2007). Water and 12% ethanol extracts were analyzed for total phenolics content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile, and the potential in vitro inhibitory effects on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) enzymes related to the management of diabetes and hypertension. The results indicated a significant difference among the trees in all functional benefits evaluated in the leaf extracts and also fou...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Da Silva Pinto M, Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Lajolo FM, Genovese MI, Shetty K Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Characterization of sucrose-glutamic acid Maillard products (SGMPs) degrading bacteria and their metabolites.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two aerobic bacteria RNBS1 and RNBS3 capable to degrade and utilize sucrose-glutamic acid Maillard products (SGMPs) as carbon, nitrogen and energy source were isolated and characterized as Alcaligenes faecalis (DQ659619) and Bacillus cereus (DQ659620) respectively by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In present study, mixed bacterial culture was found more effective compared to axenic culture RNBS1 and RNBS3 decolourizing 73.79%, 66.80% and 62.56% SGMPs, respectively. The SGMPs catabolizing enzyme was characterized as manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP) by SDS-PAGE yielding a single band of 43KDa. Further, the LC-MS-MS...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chandra R, Bharagava RN, Rai V, Singh SK Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Effects of the reforming reagents and fuel species on tar reforming reaction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, using wood chips and polyethylene (PE) as fuels, the effects of air and/or steam as reagents on the tar reforming were clarified quantitatively with a simulated gasifier/reformer apparatus of a two-staged gasification process. The results show that when only steam or air was supplied into the reformer, the tar residual rate (defined as the ratio of the tar amount in the reformed gas to the tar amount in the pyrolysis gas) and the carbon particulate concentration in both reformed gases produced from pyrolysis gases of wood chips and PE decreased with the increase of the steam ratio (H(2)O/C, 0-1.0) or the air...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wang Y, Namioka T, Yoshikawa K Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Autohydrolysis pretreatment of Coastal Bermuda grass for increased enzyme hydrolysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Coastal Bermuda grass (GBG) was pretreated using an autohydrolysis process with different temperatures and times, and the pretreated materials were enzymatically hydrolyzed using a mixture of cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucosidase with different enzyme loadings to evaluate sugar yields. Compared with untreated CBG, autohydrolysis pretreatments at all elevated temperatures and residence times tested enhanced enzymatic digestibility of both cellulose and hemicellulose. Increasing the temperature and residence time also helps to solubilize hemicelluloses, with 83.3% of the hemicelluloses solubilized at 170 degrees C for...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee JM, Shi J, Venditti RA, Jameel H Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Utilization of calcium carbonate particles from eggshell waste as coating pigments for ink-jet printing paper.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents an economical treatment process to recover useful bioproducts from eggshell waste and their utilization in commercial products. We developed the dissolved air floatation (DAF) separation unit, which successfully recovered 96% of eggshell membrane and 99% of eggshell calcium carbonate (ECC) particles from eggshell waste within 2h of operation. The recovered ECC particles were utilized as coating pigments for ink-jet printing paper and their impact on the ink density and paper gloss were investigated. The addition of the ECC particles as coating pigments enhances the optical density of cyan, magenta and y...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yoo S, Hsieh JS, Zou P, Kokoszka J Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh for bioremediation of nutrients from shrimp farming wastewater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined in situ (shrimp pond), the growth and storage of nitrogen and phosphorous from the macroalga Gracilaria caudata. A short-term measurement experiment was also conducted to evaluate the bioremediation potential this species. These results showed positive values for biomass and growth during the study period, except at day 45 for the tubular nets and day 75 for the cages, when they reached lower values than those of the initial weight. The results obtained indicate that G. caudata may reach annual production of 59.16tonha(-1) of wet weight, which corresponds to 11.83ton dry weight. Nitrogen and phosphorous...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Marinho-Soriano E, Panucci RA, Carneiro MA, Pereira DC Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals

Optimization of sugarcane bagasse conversion by hydrothermal treatment for the recovery of xylose.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work aims at the valorization of sugarcane bagasse by extracting xylose which is destined to the production of xylitol after purification and hydrogenation. Our approach consists in applying the principle of biorefinery to sugarcane bagasse because of its hemicellulose composition (particularly rich in xylan: (92%)). Optimizing of the thermal treatment was investigated. A treatment at 170 degrees C for 2h was found optimal, with higher solubilzation of hemicellulose than that at 150 degrees C and lower degradation of sugar monomers than 190 degrees C. Recovery of xylose was high and the purity of xylose solution (...
Source: Bioresource Technology - August 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Boussarsar H, Rogé B, Mathlouthi M Tags: Bioresour Technol Source Type: journals