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The neuroscience of love, mysticism and poetryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Cornwell, J. Tags: Book Review Source Type: journals

Prevalence of genetic muscle disease in Northern England: in-depth analysis of a muscle clinic populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have performed a detailed population study of patients with genetic muscle disease in the northern region of England. Our current clinic population comprises over 1100 patients in whom we have molecularly characterized 31 separate muscle disease entities. Diagnostic clarity achieved through careful delineation of clinical features supported by histological, immunological and genetic analysis has allowed us to reach a definitive diagnosis in 75.7% of our patients. We have compared our case profile with that from Walton and Nattrass’ seminal study from 1954, also of the northern region, together with data from other...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Norwood, F. L. M., Harling, C., Chinnery, P. F., Eagle, M., Bushby, K., Straub, V. Tags: Occasional Paper Source Type: journals

Molecular basis of infantile reversible cytochrome c oxidase deficiency myopathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides the rationale for a simple genetic test to identify infants with mitochondrial myopathy and good prognosis. (Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Horvath, R., Kemp, J. P., Tuppen, H. A. L., Hudson, G., Oldfors, A., Marie, S. K. N., Moslemi, A.-R., Servidei, S., Holme, E., Shanske, S., Kollberg, G., Jayakar, P., Pyle, A., Marks, H. M., Holinski-Feder, E., Scavina, M., Walter, M. C., Coku, J., Gunthe Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Microglial CB2 cannabinoid receptors are neuroprotective in Huntington's disease excitotoxicityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cannabinoid-derived drugs are promising agents for the development of novel neuroprotective strategies. Activation of neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptors attenuates excitotoxic glutamatergic neurotransmission, triggers prosurvival signalling pathways and palliates motor symptoms in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. However, in Huntington's disease there is a very early downregulation of CB1 receptors in striatal neurons that, together with the undesirable psychoactive effects triggered by CB1 receptor activation, foster the search for alternative pharmacological treatments. Here, we show that CB2 cannabinoid rec...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Palazuelos, J., Aguado, T., Pazos, M. R., Julien, B., Carrasco, C., Resel, E., Sagredo, O., Benito, C., Romero, J., Azcoitia, I., Fernandez-Ruiz, J., Guzman, M., Galve-Roperh, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Space-based, but not arm-based, shift in tactile processing in complex regional pain syndrome and its relationship to cooling of the affected limbEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) occurs after stroke, but most cases develop after peripheral trauma and without evidence of brain trauma. However, CRPS is associated with symptoms that appear similar to those observed in patients suffering from hemispatial neglect. Ten participants (four males) with CRPS of one arm performed temporal order judgements of pairs of vibrotactile stimuli, one delivered to each hand, at one of 10 possible stimulus onset asynchronies, under two conditions: arms held each side of the midline and arms crossed over the midline. Participants released a foot switch to indicate which hand had bee...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Moseley, G. L., Gallace, A., Spence, C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist olcegepant acts in the spinal trigeminal nucleusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several lines of evidence suggest a major role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the pathogenesis of migraine and other primary headaches. Inhibition of CGRP receptors by olcegepant and telcagepant has been successfully used to treat acute migraine and to reduce the activity of spinal trigeminal neurons involved in meningeal nociception in rodents. The site of CGRP receptor inhibition is unclear, however. In adult Wistar rats anaesthetized with isofluorane systemic intravenous infusion (0.9 mg/kg) or unilateral facial injection (1 mM in 100 µl) of capsaicin was used to induce activity in the trigeminal noc...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Sixt, M.-L., Messlinger, K., Fischer, M. J. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Cutting your nerve changes your brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Following upper limb peripheral nerve transection and surgical repair, some patients regain good sensorimotor function while others do not. Understanding peripheral and central mechanisms that contribute to recovery may facilitate the development of new therapeutic interventions. Plasticity following peripheral nerve transection has been demonstrated throughout the neuroaxis in animal models of nerve injury. However, the brain changes that occur following peripheral nerve transection and surgical repair in humans have not been examined. Furthermore, the extent to which peripheral nerve regeneration influences functional an...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Taylor, K. S., Anastakis, D. J., Davis, K. D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Off-target effects of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists mediate retinal ganglion cell disinhibited axon growthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inhibition of central nervous system axon growth is reportedly mediated in part by calcium-dependent phosphorylation of axonal epidermal growth factor receptor, with local administration of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors AG1478 and PD168393 to an optic nerve lesion site promoting adult retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor was neither constitutively expressed, nor activated in optic nerve axons in our non-regenerating and regenerating optic nerve injury models, a finding that is inconsistent with phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor-d...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Douglas, M. R., Morrison, K. C., Jacques, S. J., Leadbeater, W. E., Gonzalez, A. M., Berry, M., Logan, A., Ahmed, Z. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Increasing olfactory bulb volume due to treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis--a longitudinal studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated whether the human olfactory bulb volume increases with increasing olfactory function due to treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Nineteen patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were investigated before and after treatment. For comparison, additional measurements were performed in 18 healthy volunteers. Volumetric measurements of the olfactory bulb were based on planimetric manual contouring of magnetic resonance scans. Olfactory function was evaluated separately for each nostril using tests for odour threshold, odour discrimination and odour identification. Measurements were performed on two oc...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Gudziol, V., Buschhuter, D., Abolmaali, N., Gerber, J., Rombaux, P., Hummel, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Proximal dentatothalamocortical tract involvement in posterior fossa syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Posterior fossa syndrome is characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, oromotor/oculomotor apraxia, emotional lability and mutism in patients after infratentorial injury. The underlying neuroanatomical substrates of posterior fossa syndrome are unknown, but dentatothalamocortical tracts have been implicated. We used pre- and postoperative neuroimaging to investigate proximal dentatothalamocortical tract involvement in childhood embryonal brain tumour patients who developed posterior fossa syndrome following tumour resection. Diagnostic imaging from a cohort of 26 paediatric patients previously operated on for an embryonal br...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Morris, E. B., Phillips, N. S., Laningham, F. H., Patay, Z., Gajjar, A., Wallace, D., Boop, F., Sanford, R., Ness, K. K., Ogg, R. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Local and remote epileptogenicity in focal cortical dysplasias and neurodevelopmental tumoursEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have quantified the epileptogenic characteristic of brain structures explored by depth electrodes in 36 patients investigated by stereoelectroencephalography and suffering from focal drug-resistant epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasias or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours. This quantification was performed using the ‘Epileptogenicity Index’ method that accounts for both the propensity of a brain area to generate rapid discharges and the time for this area to get involved in the seizure. Epileptogenicity Index values range from 0 (no epileptogenicity) to 1 (maximal epileptog...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Aubert, S., Wendling, F., Regis, J., McGonigal, A., Figarella-Branger, D., Peragut, J.-C., Girard, N., Chauvel, P., Bartolomei, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Interictal magnetoencephalography and the irritative zone in the electrocorticogramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is considered a useful tool for planning electrode placement for chronic intracranial subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) in candidates for epilepsy surgery or even as a substitute for ECoG. MEG recordings are usually interictal and therefore, at best, reflect the interictal ECoG. To estimate the clinical value of MEG, it is important to know how well interictal MEG reflects interictal activity in the ECoG. From 1998 to 2008, 38 candidates for ECoG underwent a 151-channel MEG recording and 3D magnetic resonance imaging as a part of their presurgical evaluation. Interictal MEG spikes were ident...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Agirre-Arrizubieta, Z., Huiskamp, G. J. M., Ferrier, C. H., van Huffelen, A. C., Leijten, F. S. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Spatial characterization of interictal high frequency oscillations in epileptic neocortexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interictal high frequency oscillations (HFOs), in particular those with frequency components in excess of 200 Hz, have been proposed as important biomarkers of epileptic cortex as well as the genesis of seizures. We investigated the spatial extent, classification and distribution of HFOs using a dense 4 x 4 mm2 two dimensional microelectrode array implanted in the neocortex of four patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The majority (97%) of oscillations detected included fast ripples and were concentrated in relatively few recording sites. While most HFOs were limited to single channels, ~10% occurred on a larger spatial s...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Schevon, C. A., Trevelyan, A. J., Schroeder, C. E., Goodman, R. R., McKhann, G., Emerson, R. G. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The epileptic human hippocampal cornu ammonis 2 region generates spontaneous interictal-like activity in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we asked whether a similar population activity is generated in the cornu ammonis 2 region and examined the electrophysiological and neuroanatomical characteristics of human epileptic cornu ammonis 2 neurons that may be involved. Hippocampal slices were prepared from postoperative temporal lobe tissue derived from epileptic patients. Field potentials and multi-unit activity were recorded in vitro using multiple extracellular microelectrodes. Pyramidal cells were characterized in intra-cellular records and were filled with biocytin for subsequent anatomy. Fluorescent immunostaining was made on fixed tissue aga...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Wittner, L., Huberfeld, G., Clemenceau, S., Eross, L., Dezamis, E., Entz, L., Ulbert, I., Baulac, M., Freund, T. F., Magloczky, Z., Miles, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

When seeing outweighs feeling: a role for prefrontal cortex in passive control of negative affect in blindsightEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Affective neuroscience has been strongly influenced by the view that a ‘feeling’ is the perception of somatic changes and has consequently often neglected the neural mechanisms that underlie the integration of somatic and other information in affective experience. Here, we investigate affective processing by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging in nine cortically blind patients. In these patients, unilateral postgeniculate lesions prevent primary cortical visual processing in part of the visual field which, as a result, becomes subjectively blind. Residual subcortical processing of visual information,...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Anders, S., Eippert, F., Wiens, S., Birbaumer, N., Lotze, M., Wildgruber, D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Bidirectional alterations of interhemispheric parietal balance by non-invasive cortical stimulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transcranial direct current stimulation is a painless, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows one to induce polarity-specific excitability changes in the human brain. Here, we investigated, for the first time in a ‘proof of principle’ study, the behavioural effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on visuospatial attention in both healthy controls and stroke patients suffering from left visuospatial neglect. We applied anodal, cathoP:dal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (57 µA/cm2, 10 min) to the left or right posterior parietal cortex. Using a visual detection task i...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Sparing, R., Thimm, M., Hesse, M. D., Kust, J., Karbe, H., Fink, G. R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Prefrontal cortex is critical for contextual processing: evidence from brain lesionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in local contextual processing using a combined event-related potentials and lesion approach. Local context was defined as the occurrence of a short predictive series of visual stimuli occurring before delivery of a target event. Targets were preceded by either randomized sequences of standards or by sequences including a three-stimulus predictive sequence signalling the occurrence of a subsequent target event. PFC lesioned patients were impaired in their ability to use local contextual information. The response time for controls revealed a larger benefit for predictable ...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Fogelson, N., Shah, M., Scabini, D., Knight, R. T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Reality of auditory verbal hallucinationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Distortion of the sense of reality, actualized in delusions and hallucinations, is the key feature of psychosis but the underlying neuronal correlates remain largely unknown. We studied 11 highly functioning subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder while they rated the reality of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The subjective reality of AVH correlated strongly and specifically with the hallucination-related activation strength of the inferior frontal gyri (IFG), including the Broca's language region. Furthermore, how real the hallucination that subjec...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Raij, T. T., Valkonen-Korhonen, M., Holi, M., Therman, S., Lehtonen, J., Hari, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Impaired visual processing preceding image recognition in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Impaired visual processing may play a role in the pathophysiology of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. In order to study involved neuronal circuitry, we assessed cerebral activation patterns both before and during recognition of gradually revealed images in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations (PDwithVHs), Parkinson's disease patients without visual hallucinations (PDnonVHs) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that, before image recognition, PDwithVHs would show reduced bottom-up visual activation in occipital-temporal areas and increased (pre)frontal activation, reflecting increased top-do...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Meppelink, A. M., de Jong, B. M., Renken, R., Leenders, K. L., Cornelissen, F. W., van Laar, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Longitudinal progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease: a multi-tracer positron emission tomography studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple factors contributing to disease initiation and progression. Using serial, multi-tracer positron emission tomography imaging, we studied a cohort of 78 subjects with sporadic Parkinson's disease to understand the disease course better. Subjects were scanned with radiotracers of presynaptic dopaminergic integrity at baseline and again after 4 and 8 years of follow-up. Non-linear multivariate regression analyses, using random effects, of the form BPND(t) or Kocc(t) = a*e(–bt–dA) + c, where BPND = tracer binding potential (nondispaceable), KOCC = tracer ...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Nandhagopal, R., Kuramoto, L., Schulzer, M., Mak, E., Cragg, J., Lee, C. S., McKenzie, J., McCormick, S., Samii, A., Troiano, A., Ruth, T. J., Sossi, V., de la Fuente-Fernandez, R., Calne, D. B., Stoessl, A. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohortEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive abnormalities are common in Parkinson's disease, with important social and economic implications. Factors influencing their evolution remain unclear but are crucial to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. We have investigated the development of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease using a longitudinal approach in a population-representative incident cohort (CamPaIGN study, n = 126) and here present the 5-year follow-up data from this study. Our previous work has implicated two genetic factors in the development of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, namely the genes fo...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Williams-Gray, C. H., Evans, J. R., Goris, A., Foltynie, T., Ban, M., Robbins, T. W., Brayne, C., Kolachana, B. S., Weinberger, D. R., Sawcer, S. J., Barker, R. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have carried out a systematic review of the case files of 242 donors with pathologically verified Parkinson's disease at the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders in an attempt to corroborate the data-driven subtype classification proposed by Lewis and colleagues (Heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in the early clinical stages using a data driven approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 343–8). Cases were segregated into earlier disease onset (25%), tremor dominant (31%), non-tremor dominant (36%) and rapid disease progression without dementia (8%) subgroups. We found a strong association b...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Selikhova, M., Williams, D. R., Kempster, P. A., Holton, J. L., Revesz, T., Lees, A. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Distinct anatomical subtypes of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: a cluster analysis studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to examine case-by-case variability in patterns of grey matter atrophy in subjects with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia and to investigate whether behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia can be divided into distinct anatomical subtypes. Sixty-six subjects that fulfilled clinical criteria for a diagnosis of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia with a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging scan were identified. Grey matter volumes were obtained for 26 regions of interest, covering frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, striatum, insula and supplemental mot...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Whitwell, J. L., Przybelski, S. A., Weigand, S. D., Ivnik, R. J., Vemuri, P., Gunter, J. L., Senjem, M. L., Shiung, M. M., Boeve, B. F., Knopman, D. S., Parisi, J. E., Dickson, D. W., Petersen, R. C., Jack, C. R., Josephs, K. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A new subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS pathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome with a heterogeneous molecular basis. The neuropathology associated with most FTD is characterized by abnormal cellular aggregates of either transactive response DNA-binding protein with Mr 43 kDa (TDP-43) or tau protein. However, we recently described a subgroup of FTD patients, representing around 10%, with an unusual clinical phenotype and pathology characterized by frontotemporal lobar degeneration with neuronal inclusions composed of an unidentified ubiquitinated protein (atypical FTLD-U; aFTLD-U). All cases were sporadic and had early-onset FTD with severe progress...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Neumann, M., Rademakers, R., Roeber, S., Baker, M., Kretzschmar, H. A., Mackenzie, I. R. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The subependymal zone neurogenic niche: a beating heart in the centre of the brain: How plastic is adult neurogenesis? Opportunities for therapy and questions to be addressedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mammalian brain is a remarkably complex organ comprising millions of neurons, glia and various other cell types. Its impressive cytoarchitecture led to the long standing belief that it is a structurally static organ and thus very sensitive to injury. However, an area of striking structural flexibility has been recently described at the centre of the brain. It is the subependymal zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles. The subependymal zone—like a beating heart—continuously sends new cells to different areas of the brain: neurons to the olfactory bulbs and glial cells to the cortex and the corpus...
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kazanis, I. Tags: Review Article Source Type: journals

With or without FUS, it is the anatomy that dictates the dementia phenotypeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Weintraub, S., Mesulam, M. Tags: Scientific Commentary Source Type: journals

A human experiment in nerve division by W. H .R. Rivers MD FRS, Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge and Henry Head MD FRS, Physician to the London Hospital, Brain 1908: 31; 323-450Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Compston, A. Tags: From The Archives Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Compston, A. Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Reply: Early plasticity versus early vulnerability: the problem of heterogeneous lesion mechanismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Anderson, V., Spencer-Smith, M., Leventer, R., Coleman, L., Anderson, P., Williams, J., Greenham, , Jacobs, R. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Early plasticity versus early vulnerability: the problem of heterogeneous lesion typesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Lidzba, K., Wilke, M., Staudt, M., Krageloh-Mann, I. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Reply: Parkinson's disease, DBS and suicide: a role for serotonin?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Voon, V., Krack, P., Lang, A. E., Lozano, A. M., Dujardin, K., Schupbach, M., Thobois, S., Tamma, F., Herzog, J., Samanta, J., Kubu, C., Rossignol, H., Poon, Y.-Y., Saint-Cyr, J. A., Ardouin, C., Moro, E. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Parkinson's disease, DBS and suicide: a role for serotonin?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Temel, Y., Tan, S., Visser-Vandewalle, V., Sharp, T. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Differential phenotype in Parkinson's disease patients with severe versus mild GBA mutationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Gan-Or, Z., Giladi, N., Orr-Urtreger, A. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Language production in the non-dominant hemisphere as a potential source of auditory verbal hallucinationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Sommer, I. E., Diederen, K. M. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Disembodied hallucinatory voices: Comment on Sommer et al., 2008 Brain 131, 3169-77Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Craig, A. D. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Speaking about music and the music of speechEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Heaton, P. Tags: Book Review Source Type: journals

In the psychiatrist's chair: how neurologists understand conversion disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article explores how today's neurologists understand conversion through in-depth interviews with 22 neurology consultants. The neurologists endorsed psychological models but did not understand their patients in such terms. Rather, they distinguished conversion from other unexplained conditions clinically by its severity and inconsistency. While many did not see this as clearly distinct from feigning, they did not feel that this was their problem to resolve. They saw themselves as ‘agnostic’ regarding non-neuropathological explanations. However, since neurologists are in some ways more expert in conversion ...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kanaan, R., Armstrong, D., Barnes, P., Wessely, S. Tags: Occasional Paper Source Type: journals

Symptoms 'unexplained by organic disease' in 1144 new neurology out-patients: how often does the diagnosis change at follow-up?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been previously reported that a substantial proportion of newly referred neurology out-patients have symptoms that are considered by the assessing neurologist as unexplained by ‘organic disease’. There has however been much controversy about how often such patients subsequently develop a disease diagnosis that, with hindsight, would have explained the symptoms. We aimed to determine in a large sample of new neurology out-patients: (i) what proportion are assessed as having symptoms unexplained by disease and the diagnoses given to them; and (ii) how often a neurological disorder emerged which, with hinds...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Stone, J., Carson, A., Duncan, R., Coleman, R., Roberts, R., Warlow, C., Hibberd, C., Murray, G., Cull, R., Pelosi, A., Cavanagh, J., Matthews, K., Goldbeck, R., Smyth, R., Walker, J., MacMahon, A.D., Sharpe, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Response to letter from BernardiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Hicks, D., Lampe, A., Laval, S., Allamand, V., Jimenez-Mallebrera, C., Walter, M., Muntoni, F., Quijano-Roy, S., Richard, P., Straub, V., Lochmuller, H., Bushby, K. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

On the pathogenesis of collagen VI muscular dystrophies--Comment on article of Hicks et al.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Brain)
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Bernardi, P., Bonaldo, P., Maraldi, N. M., Merlini, L., Sabatelli, P. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Abnormal sensorimotor plasticity in organic but not in psychogenic dystoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dystonia is characterized by two main pathophysiological abnormalities: ‘reduced’ excitability of inhibitory systems at many levels of the sensorimotor system, and ‘increased’ plasticity of neural connections in sensorimotor circuits at a brainstem and spinal level. A surprising finding in two recent papers has been the fact that abnormalities of inhibition similar to those in organic dystonia are also seen in patients who have psychogenic dystonia. To try to determine the critical feature that might separate organic and psychogenic conditions, we investigated cortical plasticity in a group of 10 pa...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Quartarone, A., Rizzo, V., Terranova, C., Morgante, F., Schneider, S., Ibrahim, N., Girlanda, P., Bhatia, K. P., Rothwell, J. C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Impaired eye movements in post-concussion syndrome indicate suboptimal brain function beyond the influence of depression, malingering or intellectual abilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) can affect up to 20%–30% of patients with mild closed head injury (mCHI), comprising incomplete recovery and debilitating persistence of post-concussional symptoms. Eye movements relate closely to the functional integrity of the injured brain and eye movement function is impaired post-acutely in mCHI. Here, we examined whether PCS patients continue to show disparities in eye movement function at 3–5 months following mCHI compared with patients with good recovery. We hypothesized that eye movements might provide sensitive and objective functional markers of ongoing cerebral impairm...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Heitger, M. H., Jones, R. D., Macleod, A. D., Snell, D. L., Frampton, C. M., Anderson, T. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The human brain utilizes lactate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle: a 13C-labelled microdialysis and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Energy metabolism in the human brain is not fully understood. Classically, glucose is regarded as the major energy substrate. However, lactate (conventionally a product of anaerobic metabolism) has been proposed to act as an energy source, yet whether this occurs in man is not known. Here we show that the human brain can indeed utilize lactate as an energy source via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We used a novel combination of 13C-labelled cerebral microdialysis both to deliver 13C substrates into the brain and recover 13C metabolites from the brain, and high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Microdialysis cathete...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Gallagher, C. N., Carpenter, K. L.H., Grice, P., Howe, D. J., Mason, A., Timofeev, I., Menon, D. K., Kirkpatrick, P. J., Pickard, J. D., Sutherland, G. R., Hutchinson, P. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Imbalance of neural cell adhesion molecule and polysialyltransferase alleles causes defective brain connectivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its post-translational modification polysialic acid (polySia) are broadly implicated in neural development. Mice lacking the polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV are devoid of polySia, and show severe malformation of major brain axon tracts. Here, we demonstrate how allelic variation of three interacting gene products (NCAM, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV) translates into various degrees of anterior commissure, corpus callosum and internal capsule hypoplasia. Loss of ST8SiaII alone caused mild, but distinct defects and the severity of the pathological phenotype found in mice lack...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Hildebrandt, H., Muhlenhoff, M., Oltmann-Norden, I., Rockle, I., Burkhardt, H., Weinhold, B., Gerardy-Schahn, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Chronic temporal lobe epilepsy: a neurodevelopmental or progressively dementing disease?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined cross-sectional comparisons of age-related regressions of verbal learning and memory in 1156 patients with chronic TLE (age range 6–68 years, mean epilepsy onset 14 ± 11 years) versus 1000 healthy control subjects (age range 6–80 years) and tested the hypothesis that deviations of age regressions (i.e. slowed rise, accelerated decline) will reveal critical phases during which epilepsy interferes with cognitive development. Patients were recruited over a 20-year period at the Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn. Healthy subjects were drawn from an updated normative population of the...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Helmstaedter, C., Elger, C. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Functional definition of seizure provides new insight into post-traumatic epileptogenesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Experimental animals’ seizures are often defined arbitrarily based on duration, which may lead to misjudgement of the syndrome and failure to develop a cure. We employed a functional definition of seizures based on the clinical practice of observing epileptiform electrocorticography and simultaneous ictal behaviour, and examined post-traumatic epilepsy induced in rats by rostral parasagittal fluid percussion injury and epilepsy patients evaluated with invasive monitoring. We showed previously that rostral parasagittal fluid percussion injury induces different types of chronic recurrent spontaneous partial seizures th...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: D'Ambrosio, R., Hakimian, S., Stewart, T., Verley, D. R., Fender, J. S., Eastman, C. L., Sheerin, A. H., Gupta, P., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Ojemann, J., Miller, J. W. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Increased risk and worse prognosis of myocardial infarction in patients with prior hospitalization for epilepsy--The Stockholm Heart Epidemiology ProgramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we performed a population-based case–control study that included 1799 cases with first AMI and 2339 controls, frequency matched by age, sex and hospital catchment area. A history of epilepsy was identified using the Swedish hospital discharge registry. Information on lifestyle and biomarkers was determined from questionnaires and standardized clinic examinations. The cohort of cases was followed for 8 years to evaluate the relationship between epilepsy and post AMI prognosis. A diagnosis of epilepsy was associated with higher risk of incident AMI, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 [95% confidence interva...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Janszky, I., Hallqvist, J., Tomson, T., Ahlbom, A., Mukamal, K. J., Ahnve, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Frequency, prognosis and surgical treatment of structural abnormalities seen with magnetic resonance imaging in childhood epilepsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The epidemiology of lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with the use of pre-surgical evaluations and surgery in childhood-onset epilepsy patients has not previously been described. In a prospectively identified community-based cohort of children enrolled from 1993 to 1997, we examined (i) the frequency of lesions identified by MRI; (ii) clinical factors associated with ‘positive’ MRI scans; and (iii) the utilization of comprehensive epilepsy evaluations and neurosurgery. Of the original cohort of 613 children, 518 (85%) had usable MRI scans. Eighty-two (16%) had MRI abnormalities poten...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Berg, A. T., Mathern, G. W., Bronen, R. A., Fulbright, R. K., DiMario, F., Testa, F. M., Levy, S. R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Brain regions underlying word finding difficulties in temporal lobe epilepsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Word finding difficulties are often reported by epileptic patients with seizures originating from the language dominant cerebral hemisphere, for example, in temporal lobe epilepsy. Evidence regarding the brain regions underlying this deficit comes from studies of peri-operative electro-cortical stimulation, as well as post-surgical performance. This evidence has highlighted a role for the anterior part of the dominant temporal lobe in oral word production. These conclusions contrast with findings from activation studies involving healthy speakers or acute ischaemic stroke patients, where the region most directly related to...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Fonseca, A. T.-D., Guedj, E., Alario, F-X., Laguitton, V., Mundler, O., Chauvel, P., Liegeois-Chauvel, C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Speech experience shapes the speechreading network and subsequent deafness facilitates itEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we tested the effects of speech experience and deafness on the speechreading neural network in normal hearing controls and in two groups of deaf patients who became deaf either before (prelingual deafness) or after (postlingual deafness) auditory language acquisition. Magnetic signals from the cerebral cortex were recorded using a 306-channel magnetoencephalographic system. During magnetoencephalographic measurements, subjects were asked to perform a speechreading task from video clips of a female speaker either pronouncing syllables (speechreading condition) or showing closed-mouth movement. The sources of ...
Source: Brain - October 8, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Suh, M.-W., Lee, H.-J., Kim, J. S., Chung, C. K., Oh, S.-H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals