White matter associations with spelling performance
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02775-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMultiple neurocognitive processes are involved in the highly complex task of producing written words. Yet, little is known about the neural pathways that support spelling in healthy adults. We assessed the associations between performance on a difficult spelling-to-dictation task and microstructural properties of language-related white matter pathways, in a sample of 73 native English-speaking neurotypical adults. Participants completed a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scan and a cognitive assessment battery. Using constra...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Romi Sagi J S H Taylor Kyriaki Neophytou Tamar Cohen Brenda Rapp Kathleen Rastle Michal Ben-Shachar Source Type: research

The effect of high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and fluid abilities on goal neglect
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02770-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal neglect refers to when an aspect of task instructions is not utilised due to increased competition between goal representations, an attentional limit theoretically linked to working memory. In an attempt to alleviate goal neglect and to investigate the association between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-supported working memory and goal neglect, we used high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left DLPFC whilst participants completed the letter-monitoring task, a measure of goal neglect, and...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gizem Arabac ı Batuhan S Cakir Benjamin A Parris Source Type: research

The effect of high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and fluid abilities on goal neglect
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02770-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal neglect refers to when an aspect of task instructions is not utilised due to increased competition between goal representations, an attentional limit theoretically linked to working memory. In an attempt to alleviate goal neglect and to investigate the association between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-supported working memory and goal neglect, we used high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left DLPFC whilst participants completed the letter-monitoring task, a measure of goal neglect, and...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gizem Arabac ı Batuhan S Cakir Benjamin A Parris Source Type: research

The effect of high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and fluid abilities on goal neglect
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02770-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal neglect refers to when an aspect of task instructions is not utilised due to increased competition between goal representations, an attentional limit theoretically linked to working memory. In an attempt to alleviate goal neglect and to investigate the association between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-supported working memory and goal neglect, we used high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left DLPFC whilst participants completed the letter-monitoring task, a measure of goal neglect, and...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gizem Arabac ı Batuhan S Cakir Benjamin A Parris Source Type: research

A revision of the dorsal origin of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) in the superior frontal gyrus: a DWI-tractographic study
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02778-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a white matter tract connecting the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Its dorsal origin is identified in humans in the medial wall of the SFG, in the supplementary motor complex (SM-complex). However, empirical observation shows that many FAT fibres appear to originate from the dorsal, rather than medial, portion of the SFG. We quantitatively investigated the actual origin of FAT fibres in the SFG, specifically discriminating between terminations in the medial wal...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Tagliaferri Gabriele Amorosino Linda Voltolini Davide Giampiccolo Paolo Avesani Luigi Cattaneo Source Type: research

White matter structural changes before and after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-023-02741-9. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHemifacial spasm (HFS) is a syndrome characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Currently, microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for HFS. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive advanced magnetic resonance technique that allows us to reconstruct white matter (WM) virtually based on water diffusion direction. This enables us to model the human brain as a complex network using graph theory. In our study, we recruited 32 patients with ...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kuan Lv Chuanpeng Zhang Bing Liu Aocai Yang Jixin Luan Pianpian Hu Zeshan Yao Jiang Liu Guolin Ma Source Type: research

MRI atlas of the pituitary gland in young female adults
In this study, we aimed at creating maximum probability maps for the anterior and posterior PG in young female adults. We manually delineated the anterior and posterior parts of the pituitary glands in 26 healthy subjects using high-resolution MRI T1 images. A three-step procedure and a cost function-masking approach were employed to optimize spatial normalization for the PG. We generated probabilistic atlases and maximum probability maps, which were subsequently coregistered back to the subjects' space and compared to manual delineations. Manual measurements led to a total pituitary volume of 705 ± 88 mm³, with the ante...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manel Merabet Zennadi Maurice Ptito J érôme Redouté Nicolas Costes Claire Boutet Natacha Germain Bogdan Galusca Fabien C Schneider Source Type: research

Aspiration removal of orbitofrontal cortex disrupts cholinergic fibers of passage to anterior cingulate cortex in rhesus macaques
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02776-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe study of anthropoid nonhuman primates has provided valuable insights into frontal cortex function in humans, as these primates share similar frontal anatomical subdivisions (Murray et al. 2011). Causal manipulation studies have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of this area. One puzzling finding is that macaques with bilateral aspiration removals of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are impaired on tests of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation, whereas those with bilateral excitotoxic lesions of OFC are not (...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M A G Eldridge A Mohanty B E Hines P M Kaskan E A Murray Source Type: research

Unveiling the neuroanatomy of Josephoartigasia monesi and the evolution of encephalization in caviomorph rodents
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02762-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCaviomorph rodents are an exceptional model for studying the effects of ecological factors and size relations on brain evolution. These mammals are not only speciose and ecologically diverse but also present wide body size disparity, especially when considering their fossil relatives. Here, we described the brain anatomy of the largest known rodent, Josephoartigasia monesi, uncovering distinctive features within this species regarding other taxa. Albeit resembling extant pacarana Dinomys branickii, J. monesi stands out due to it...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jos é Darival Ferreira Andr és Rinderknecht Jamile de Moura Bubadu é Luiza Flores Gasparetto Maria Teresa Dozo Marcelo R S ánchez-Villagra Leonardo Kerber Source Type: research

A revision of the dorsal origin of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) in the superior frontal gyrus: a DWI-tractographic study
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02778-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a white matter tract connecting the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Its dorsal origin is identified in humans in the medial wall of the SFG, in the supplementary motor complex (SM-complex). However, empirical observation shows that many FAT fibres appear to originate from the dorsal, rather than medial, portion of the SFG. We quantitatively investigated the actual origin of FAT fibres in the SFG, specifically discriminating between terminations in the medial wal...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Tagliaferri Gabriele Amorosino Linda Voltolini Davide Giampiccolo Paolo Avesani Luigi Cattaneo Source Type: research

White matter structural changes before and after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-023-02741-9. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHemifacial spasm (HFS) is a syndrome characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Currently, microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for HFS. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive advanced magnetic resonance technique that allows us to reconstruct white matter (WM) virtually based on water diffusion direction. This enables us to model the human brain as a complex network using graph theory. In our study, we recruited 32 patients with ...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kuan Lv Chuanpeng Zhang Bing Liu Aocai Yang Jixin Luan Pianpian Hu Zeshan Yao Jiang Liu Guolin Ma Source Type: research

MRI atlas of the pituitary gland in young female adults
In this study, we aimed at creating maximum probability maps for the anterior and posterior PG in young female adults. We manually delineated the anterior and posterior parts of the pituitary glands in 26 healthy subjects using high-resolution MRI T1 images. A three-step procedure and a cost function-masking approach were employed to optimize spatial normalization for the PG. We generated probabilistic atlases and maximum probability maps, which were subsequently coregistered back to the subjects' space and compared to manual delineations. Manual measurements led to a total pituitary volume of 705 ± 88 mm³, with the ante...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manel Merabet Zennadi Maurice Ptito J érôme Redouté Nicolas Costes Claire Boutet Natacha Germain Bogdan Galusca Fabien C Schneider Source Type: research

Aspiration removal of orbitofrontal cortex disrupts cholinergic fibers of passage to anterior cingulate cortex in rhesus macaques
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02776-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe study of anthropoid nonhuman primates has provided valuable insights into frontal cortex function in humans, as these primates share similar frontal anatomical subdivisions (Murray et al. 2011). Causal manipulation studies have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of this area. One puzzling finding is that macaques with bilateral aspiration removals of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are impaired on tests of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation, whereas those with bilateral excitotoxic lesions of OFC are not (...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M A G Eldridge A Mohanty B E Hines P M Kaskan E A Murray Source Type: research

Unveiling the neuroanatomy of Josephoartigasia monesi and the evolution of encephalization in caviomorph rodents
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02762-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCaviomorph rodents are an exceptional model for studying the effects of ecological factors and size relations on brain evolution. These mammals are not only speciose and ecologically diverse but also present wide body size disparity, especially when considering their fossil relatives. Here, we described the brain anatomy of the largest known rodent, Josephoartigasia monesi, uncovering distinctive features within this species regarding other taxa. Albeit resembling extant pacarana Dinomys branickii, J. monesi stands out due to it...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jos é Darival Ferreira Andr és Rinderknecht Jamile de Moura Bubadu é Luiza Flores Gasparetto Maria Teresa Dozo Marcelo R S ánchez-Villagra Leonardo Kerber Source Type: research

A revision of the dorsal origin of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) in the superior frontal gyrus: a DWI-tractographic study
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02778-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a white matter tract connecting the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Its dorsal origin is identified in humans in the medial wall of the SFG, in the supplementary motor complex (SM-complex). However, empirical observation shows that many FAT fibres appear to originate from the dorsal, rather than medial, portion of the SFG. We quantitatively investigated the actual origin of FAT fibres in the SFG, specifically discriminating between terminations in the medial wal...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Tagliaferri Gabriele Amorosino Linda Voltolini Davide Giampiccolo Paolo Avesani Luigi Cattaneo Source Type: research