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Mouse models of CNS embryonal tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are devastating cancers in children, consisting of medulloblastomas, CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. One of the reasons that CNS embryonal tumors remain difficult to treat is their rarity, which makes conducting clinical trials for these tumors difficult. Recent advances of molecular biology have led us to identify molecular and genetic causality of brain tumors. Based on the genetic alterations found in humans, multiple models of human CNS embryonal tumors have been generated in genetically engineered mice. T...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Tanycytic ependymoma of the filum terminale with pleomorphic giant cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A tanycytic ependymoma measuring 1.5 cm in maximal dimension, which involved the filum terminale and conus medullaris of a 55-year-old woman, is reported. The tumor consisted of a compact fascicular proliferation of spindle cells having long bipolar cytoplasmic processes, and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the ependymal features of neoplastic cells. The most prominent finding was an appearance of many atypical and pleomorphic, often monstrous, giant cells, which was not associated with an increase in proliferative activity. Remarkable nuclear atypism and pleomorphism wi...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the orbit: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 22-year-old man presented with tenderness and swelling of the left lateral part of the orbit. Computed tomography revealed a left intraorbital mass measuring 3 cm × 3 cm involving the left lateral wall of the orbit and the greater wing of the left sphenoid bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the intraorbital mass was extraneuroaxial. During surgery, the tumor was seen to arise from the lateral wall of the orbit and infiltrate into the left temporal muscle. Following the surgery, the patient was administered radiation therapy for the whole cranium and chemotherapy for the residual tumor...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Clinicopathological features from long-term observation of a papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR): a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of a 17-year-old man who developed a 3-cm pineal tumor that was incompletely excised following two operations. The pathological findings presented were extensive epithelial papillary structures surrounding vessels mimicking “perivascular pseudo-rosettes,” leading to a diagnosis of “papillary ependymoma.” Subsequently, the residual tumor recurred on three separate occasions. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor was positive for cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), microtubule-associated protein (MAP 2), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and transthyretin, consistent with mature...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Sensitivity and usefulness of anti-phosphohistone-H3 antibody immunostaining for counting mitotic figures in meningioma casesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we attempted PHH3 immunostaining for our meningioma cases and verified not only the sensitivity of PHH3 immunostaining but also that of its usefulness in grading meningiomas. Forty-five initial histologically confirmed meningiomas (37 benign, 7 atypical, and 1 anaplastic) were reviewed according to current WHO criteria based on counting MF on HE-stained slides. PHH3-immunostained MF were counted in the same way, and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) was calculated for each sample. PHH3-labeled MF were easily identified and permitted rapid recognition of the areas of highest mitotic activity. As a result, si...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Recurrence and regrowth of benign meningiomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system for meningioma is helpful for predicting aggressive subtypes. However, even benign meningiomas sometimes show relatively rapid growth and may recur after total removal. We attempted to find histopathological features that would be valuable for predicting recurrence or regrowth of WHO grade I meningiomas. We investigated 135 benign meningiomas, of which 120 were totally removed (Simpson’s grade I–III). The median follow-up period was 9.7 years (1–21 years). The recurrence rate in the patients with total removal was 7.5% at 10 years and 9.3% at ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Collision tumor of anaplastic oligodendroglioma and gangliocytoma: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 53-year-old woman presented with a rare case of coexistence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma with gangliocytoma manifesting as progressive disturbance of consciousness and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium demonstrated the mass lesion consisted of a strongly enhanced area around the middle cerebral artery and less enhanced areas in the right temporal lobe, insula, and basal ganglia. She underwent subtotal resection of the tumor, resulting in improvement of her symptoms. Macroscopic and histological examination showed the tumor consisted of two distinct components, grayish...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Radiopathological characteristics of cerebellar malignant glioma in adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Our aim was to extract the radiopathological features of cerebellar malignant glioma in adults from the four cases we encountered. All four cases (two men and two women, aged 52–80 years; mean age, 67 years) had a floating sensation or vertigo at the onset of their disease. Initially, these patients were given a diagnosis of cerebellar infarction or cavernous angioma, or had faint abnormalities in the cerebellum that were overlooked. These patients were followed up for 2–14 months (mean, 6 months), and the tumor was detected when their clinical symptoms deteriorated. The tumor was located in the...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Successful treatment of neoadjuvant therapy for papillary tumor of the pineal regionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a boy who in 1994, at the age of 11, presented with headache and vomiting. The fi nal diagnosis was papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous mass. Hydrocephalus was addressed by immediate ventricle drainage; subsequently, we attempted tumor removal. As the intraoperative diagnosis of the hemorrhagic tumor was primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), we did not proceed to total removal. After the delivery of radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) and one course of Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) chemotherapy, the residual tumor was completely resected. The diagnosis ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A rare astrocytic tumor with rhabdoid featuresEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an extremely rare tumor presenting with rhabdoid features in the left temporoparietal lobe near the trigone in an 18-year-old Japanese man. This tumor mainly consisted of medium to large round cells that proliferated diffusely and incoherently with a scant extracellular matrix. These tumor cells had an eccentric nucleus and an eosinophilic cytoplasm containing inclusion bodies and bundles of intermediate filaments. The nuclei of these cells were vesicular with prominent nucleoli. This tumor had an area appearing to be diffuse astrocytoma peripherally and lacked a primitive neuroectodermal tumor component, a m...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A case of a heavily pigmented orbital melanocytomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present an extremely rare case of an orbital melanocytoma that occurred in a 51-year-old man. The patient suffered from diplopia and mild exophthalmos of the right eye for 2 months. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated round mass 3.5 cm in diameter in the right orbit. We performed total resection of this tumor. Histological findings revealed a proliferation of large polygonal cells with fine pigment granules in the cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Although these tumor cells revealed immunohistochemical reactivity in HMB-1, there was no S-100 or Melan A antibody reactivity. Also, there were no m...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of an adult case of chordoid meningiomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 64-year-old male patient presented with generalized convulsions. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large meningeal tumor with some cysts in the right frontal region. Surgical resections were performed three times, and local radiation therapy was administered twice over a period of 8 years for the treatment of tumor recurrences. The tumor tended to recur in spite of the surgical and radiation therapies. The tumor was diagnosed as a chordoid meningioma, and the second surgical specimen showed increasing nuclear atypia and mitoses in tumor cells. An immunohistochemical study revealed the tumor ce...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Hemorrhagic onset of pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The incidence of hemorrhagic onset in pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma, and the clinical and histological characteristics, were compared to other types of neuroepithelial tumors or nonhemorrhagic pilocytic astrocytoma by retrospective review of 445 consecutive neuroepithelial tumors treated at our institute. Hemorrhagic onset was observed in 4 of 35 (11.4%) patients with pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma, with higher incidence than in glioblastoma (3.9%), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (7.7%), and anaplastic ependymoma (7.1%). The hemorrhagic onset occurred in 2 patients...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as a component of a temporal lobe cystic ganglioglioma: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) as a component of a ganglioglioma in a 13-year-old Japanese boy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cystic lesion with an enhanced mural nodule of the left temporal lobe. Microscopic examination of the tumor showed that it was composed of two distinct neoplastic components: dysplastic ganglion cells and a PXA. There were gradual transitions between the two neoplastic components, and the PXA constituted the gliomatous component of the ganglioglioma. The PXA component showed spindle-shaped and pleomorphic large cells with lipidized cytoplasm. The tumor cells ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A case of an anaplastic ependymoma with gliosarcomatous componentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 29-year-old woman presented with a severe headache. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion with a mural nodule-like mass homogeneously enhanced with contrast medium in the right cerebellum. The tumor was removed, and pathological studies revealed a cerebellar astrocytoma corresponding to World Health Organization grade II. When she was 35 years old, or 6 years after the surgery, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a recurrence of the tumor in the right cerebellum, and subtotal removal of the recurrent tumor was performed. Pathological studies revealed a mixed glioblastoma multiforme an...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Tanycytic ependymoma of the spinal cord with anaplastic cytological featuresEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In a 43-year-old man, an intramedullary spinal cord tumor spreading from the level of the T2 to T5 vertebrae was subtotally resected. The tumor predominantly consisted of a fascicular proliferation of spindle cells having bland nuclei and bipolar, long cytoplasmic processes, and a few perivascular pseudo-rosettes were found. Although there were no true ependymal rosettes, intracytoplasmic dot-like immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was found in a few cells. In some areas, a dense and diffuse proliferation of anaplastic, short-spindled cells having hyperchromatic nuclei and scant ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical analysis of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases in malignant CNS lymphomas: a study comparing primary CNS malignant and CNS intravascular lymphomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Two distinct forms of malignant lymphomas can invade the central nervous system (CNS). Although primary CNS malignant lymphomas (PCNSMLs) invade the brain parenchyma, intravascular lymphomas (IVLs) form tumor cell aggregates in the vasculature and produce stroke-like symptoms and cognitive impairment. Although the tumor cells are mostly of B-cell origin in both types of lymphoma, their biological behavior is different, and the detailed mechanism(s) underlying this difference are not well understood. We studied the expression level of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) and describe the morphological, immunohistochemical, and neuroimaging findings. A 43-year-old man presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and upward gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously enhanced mass in the pineal region and obstructive hydrocephalus. Proton MR spectroscopy revealed increased choline and decreased N-acetyl aspartate peaks with a slightly increased lactate peak. Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value was 0.60 × 10−3 mm2/s. Positron emission tomography showed significantly increas...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Pathological review of late cerebral radionecrosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Late cerebral radionecrosis may be considered to be a specific chronic inflammatory response, although it is unknown whether the initial damage by brain irradiation is to an endothelial cell or a glial cell. I discuss the pathological specificity of late cerebral radionecrosis by studying the published literature and a case that I experienced. In late cerebral radionecrosis, there are typical coagulation necrosis areas containing fibrinoid necrosis with occlusion of the lumina and poorly active inflammatory areas with many inflammatory ghost cells, focal perivascular lymphocytes, hyalinized vessels,...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report two infant cases with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) located in the cerebellar vermis and spinal cord. MRI showed the tumors were isointense on T1-weighted images and mixed intensity of isointense and slight high intensity on T2-weighted images. Postcontrast MRI demonstrated clear margin of tumor and heterogeneous strong enhancement. It was difficult to differentiate the tumor from medulloblastoma by hematoxylin and eosin staining. However, immunohistochemical staining showed that these tumor cells react positively for cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis and infundibulo-panhypophysitis regarded as lymphocytic hypophysitis variantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis (LINH) was first reported by Saito et al. and Imura et al. as a cause of idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a contrast medium demonstrates thickening of the pituitary stalk, enlargement of the neurohypophysis, or both with homogeneous enhancement. Histological examination reveals a posterior pituitary that is heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes with occasional plasma cells and other inflammatory cells. In early reports of the disorder, the lesion seemed to be limited to the neurohypophysis, but the present review showe...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Brain tumor stem cells as research and treatment targetsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant forms of human cancer. Despite intensive treatment, the mean survival of GBM patients remains about 1 year. Recent cancer studies revealed that cancer tissues are pathologically heterogeneous and only a small population of cells has the specific ability to reinitiate cancer. This small cell population is called cancer stem cells (CSCs); in brain tumors these are known as brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). The identification of BTSCs yielded new insights into chemo-and radioresistance, by which BTSCs can survive selectively and initiate recurren...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Expansile neurenteric cyst arising in the frontal lobe associated with status epilepticus: report of a case and discussion of epileptogenesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The case of a 32-year-old Japanese man with an expansile supratentorial neurenteric cyst is described. The initial MRI revealed a left frontal extraaxial mass lesion 20 mm in diameter that showed marked expansion to 32 mm and change in its signal intensity 13 months later. Fifteen months after his visit, the patient fell into status epilepticus and underwent surgery. The cyst wall was excised, and the cyst content was totally removed. The cytology of the cystic content and pathological findings of the cyst wall were compatible with the diagnosis of neurenteric cyst. Our literature search revealed th...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Chordoid meningioma arising in the pineal region: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a rare case of chordoid meningioma arising in the pineal region, which presented in a 22-year-old woman. Her only complaint was headache, and neurological examination revealed no deficits. She had suffered from prolonged fever a few weeks earlier, and her hematological findings included hypochromic microcytic anemia and a high serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP). Cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrated a 25 × 30 mm mass in the pineal region, which showed iso-to low intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), high to low intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI), and homogeneous enhancement with gado...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 6, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis followed for 14 months on the basis of clinical and histological findingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a systemic granulomatous disease characterized by B-cell proliferation of uncertain malignant potential. It most frequently affects the lungs but also occasionally affects the central nervous system. Its pathophysiology is unclear in numerous respects, thus making it difficult to diagnose and treat. We recently encountered a case of LYG that was followed clinically and histologically for 14 months. A 55-year-old man was hospitalized with multiple brain tumors for which the final diagnosis was not made until the second surgery, 14 months after the first interventi...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural study of neuronal and related tumors in the ventriclesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Intraventricular tumors may arise from a variety of cells in the region. There are some difficulties in diagnosing these tumors because of their histologically similar appearance. We analyzed intraventricular tumors, including central neurocytoma, oligodendroglioma, cerebral neuroblastoma, and cerebellar neuroblastoma, the neuronal characters of which were established based on their ultrastructural findings, except for oligodendroglioma. Central neurocytoma and cerebellar neuroblastoma showed synaptic formation, and cerebral neuroblastoma possessed immature neurites. Oligodendroglioma showed similar...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Medulloblastoma demonstrating multipotent differentiation: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with a medulloblastoma demonstrating classic, myoblastic, neuronal, glial, and melanotic differentiation and manifesting as severe morning headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion with cystic components in the cerebellar vermis. He underwent suboccipital craniotomy and total resection of the tumor. The specimen consisted of three morphologically distinct components. The first component consisted of densely packed cells with round-to-oval highly hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by scanty cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse expression of neu...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of doublecortin immunostatining for the detection of infiltrating glioma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Diffuse gliomas are highly infiltrative intracranial tumors, but there are few useful markers for detecting infiltrating glioma cells in the surrounding brain tissue. Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that plays a crucial role in neuroblast migration. It was recently demonstrated that DCX is preferentially expressed in invasive gliomas. However, the sensitivity and specificity of DCX as a marker for infiltrating glioma cells have not been fully evaluated. We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression pattern of DCX in human gliomas and compared it with that of MAP-2e, a...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Consecutive histological changes in an astroblastoma that disseminated to the spinal cord after repeated intracranial recurrences: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 17-year-old male patient underwent surgery five times (four consecutive intracranial tumor removal surgeries and a final spinal tumor removal surgery). After the third surgery, this case was reported as a low-grade astroblastoma that is characterized by perivascular pseudorosettes consisting of elongated tumor cells arranged around the blood vessels. However, the fourth and fifth surgical specimens demonstrated very interesting histological changes in the astroblastoma. Through the course of relapses, the constituent cells of the astroblastic perivascular rosettes became smaller and rounder, and a...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Frequent and variable abnormalities in p14 tumor suppressor gene in glioma cell linesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Ten glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities of exon 1β of the p14 gene and then for abnormalities of the entire p14 gene with the use of previous findings of other exons. Abnormalities of exon 1β and the entire p14 gene were detected in eight of ten cases: homozygous deletion of the entire gene in six cases, hemizygous deletion of exon 1β with homozygous deletion of downstream exons in one case, and hemizygous deletion of the entire coding region with a missense mutation (A97V) at the C-terminal nucleolar localization domain in one case. The remaining two cases revealed tno such abnorma...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A case of cerebral ganglioneuronal tumor in the parietal lobe of an adultEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroblastoma is one of the embryonal tumors with neuronal differentiation found in young adults, but it is most common in children, especially in those below the age of 5 years, whereas extraventricular neurocytoma, a rare neuroepithelial tumor with neuronal differentiation, mostly affects young adults. Here we present a rare case of cerebral ganglioneuronal tumor that occurred in a 32-year-old woman. The patient suffered from tonic convulsion, and computed tomography demonstrated a well-demarcated, round tumor 3.3 cm in size with marked calcificati...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 16, 2008 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

An infant case of intracranial peripheral-type primitive neuroectodermal tumor with long-term survivalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (S-PNET) that develop in children have recently been classified into two types: central-type PNET (C-PNET), which has been reported over the years, and peripheral-type PNET (P-PNET), which develops intracranially and was referred to as Ewing's sarcoma in the past. P-PNET is fundamentally a malignant tumor, but the patient reported here represents a case of long-term survival from onset without recurrence. At the age of 21 months, a male infant developed a cranial bone deformity and symptoms of high intracranial pressure. A CT scan revealed a cystic tu...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Expression of aquaporine-4 in central nervous system tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cerebral edema is associated with common brain tumors. Aquaporine-4 (AQP4) is a member of the water channel protein family, which is thought to be a major factor regulating cerebral edema. To elucidate the characterization of the expression of AQP4 and the relationship of the expression of VEGF, we investigated the expression of AQP4 in tumors of the central nervous system immunohistochemically. Brain tumors and nontumorous cerebral tissue for control were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using anti-AQP4, VEGF, CD34, and MIB-1. In tumor cells, only glial tumor cells showed a positive reacti...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A rare case of malignant glioma suspected to have arisen from a cavernous sinusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 55-year-old woman presented with a right trigeminal dysfunction (dysesthesia) initially, followed by right oculomotor and abducens paresis lasting 1 month. Neuroimaging studies showed an enhanced mass in the right cavernous sinus extending to the trigeminal ganglion. The extraparenchymal tumor located around the right trigeminal ganglion was totally removed, except for an intracavernous lesion, by the orbitozygomatic approach. The solid tumor was completely separated from the brainstem and seemed to be a trigeminal schwannoma arising from the trigeminal ganglion or cavernous sinus at surgery. A hi...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Malignant transformation of oligoastrocytoma: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of oligoastrocytoma resembling dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) with malignant transformation. A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and generalized convulsion in May 2003. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an extensive left temporal lobe tumor. She underwent partial resection of the tumor under awake surgery, while preserving her language function. The surgical specimen showed that the majority of the tumor was composed of a glioneuronal element. However, there was also an abundant oligoastrocytoma component. Therefore, our first pathological diagnosis was oligoastrocytoma a...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Fluorescence-guided resection of metastatic brain tumors using a 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX: pathological studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We performed a pathological study to identify the locus of production of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in human metastatic brain tumors. Patients with metastatic brain tumors (n = 11) received 1 g of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) perorally 2 h before undergoing surgery. The target region was exposed to laser light with a peak wavelength of 405 � 1 nm and an output of 40 mW. Tissue samples from the tumor bulk and surrounding areas were examined by histological and fluorescence methods. Of the 11 tumors, 9 manifested PPIX fluorescence in the tumor bulk and peritumoral brain tissue. Our findings i...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Analysis of immunohistochemical expression of p53 and the proliferation marker Ki-67 antigen in skull base chordomas: relationships between their expression and prognosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the expression of p53 and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI), assessed by Ki-67 expression, in 19 tumors (initial, n = 11; recurrent, n = 8) from 11 patients. The correlation among the MIB-1 LI, p53 expression, and the clinical outcome was analyzed. The mean MIB-1 LI and p53 expression at the initial surgery were 5.6 � 4.6% and 9.0 � 9.4%, respectively. At the time of recurrence, the mean MIB-1 LI and p53 expression were 10.2 � 7.4% and 16.5 � 12.0%. The correlation between the MIB-1 LI and p53 expression at the initial and recurrent surgeries was highly significant (r = 0.948; P < 0.0001). The change...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

The usefulness and problem of intraoperative rapid diagnosis in surgical neuropathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Intraoperative rapid diagnosis has been a useful neurosurgery tool for maximal resection and minimal morbidity. However, only a few studies have been conducted regarding diagnostic accuracy and associated problems. The present study reviews our experience in treating patients and investigates the accuracy and problems associated with intraoperative rapid diagnosis in surgical neuropathology. There were 180 cases of intracranial lesions excluding pituitary lesions. The patients consisted of 89 males and 91 females, ranging from 5 months to 84 years, with a mean age of 46 years. Of the 180 cases, 152 ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Hyperprolactinemia and immunohistochemical expression of intracellular prolactin and prolactin receptor in primary central nervous system tumors and their relationship with cellular replicationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The role of prolactin (PRL) in the CNS remains uncertain. We evaluated the presence of hyperprolactinemia, intracellular prolactin (ICP), and prolactin receptor (PRL-R) in primary CNS tumors, and their relationship with cellular replication with a prospective cross-sectional study of 82 consecutive patients with primary CNS tumors admitted for neurosurgical resection between October 2003 and September 2005. Patients submitted to a questionnaire, and venous blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum PRL and TSH. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of ICP, PR...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - November 21, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Comparison of numerical change of epidermal growth factor receptor gene among pre- and postradiation glioma, and gliosis, and its clinical useEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Surgery with following chemoradiotherapy is the mainstream glioma treatment. In the course of postradiation events, however, it is sometimes difficult for neurosurgeons, radiologists, and pathologists to discriminate tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, on chromosome 7, is known to gain in copy number frequently in high-grade gliomas. The authors applied the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method to observe the gene's numerical status in pre- and postradiation glioma samples to elucidate whether this technique is useful in the discrimi...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Recurrent intracranial solitary fibrous tumor initially diagnosed as hemangiopericytomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a case of an intracranial solitary fibrous tumor that recurred three times consecutively in an 11-year period. A 72-year-old man presented with a headache and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a dumbbell tumor at the left tentorium. The tumor was removed but recurred. The first diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma, but all specimens showed a “patternless pattern” and few reticulin fibers, which features were not compatible with hemangiopericytoma. All tumors showed immunoreactivity for CD34 and bcl-2. These results point to a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and not to hemangiopericyto...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Ectopic recurrence of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte–Duclos disease): a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Lhermitte–Duclos disease is a rare clinical entity characterized by slow deformation of the cerebellar lesion. A 53-year-old woman presented with Lherimitte–Duclos disease manifesting as ataxic gait, occipital headache, and loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated striated and laminar pattern lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. She underwent subtotal removal of the vermis compressing the brainstem, but the cerebellar hemisphere appeared normal and was preserved. Histological findings were consistent with Lherimitte–Duclos disease. Two years later, magne...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

FISH 1p/19q deletion/imbalance for molecular subclassification of glioblastomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Glioblastoma is the most malignant and frequent of the glial tumors. A minor fraction of glioblastoma may contain areas showing oligodendroglioma-like tumor cell differentiation. Several authors have described such tumors as glioblastoma with oligodendroglial component (GBMO). GBMO may represent the ultimate level of malignancy in the oligodendroglial lineage. The oligodendroglial component and combined loss of chromosomal arm 1p and 19q in glioblastoma indicate increased survival. In our study, we analyzed 1p and 19q status in a series of 12 glioblastoma and 8 oligodendroglial tumors using fluoresc...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy on rat glioma modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on malignant glioma are characterized by reduction of the enhancement area and regression of the peritumoral edema radiologically. The aim of this study was to investigate the early histological changes of tumors and inflammatory cells after BNCT in the rat brain. Rats were treated with BNCT using boronophenylalanine (BPA) 7 days after implantation of C6 glioma cells. The tumors were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination at 4 days after BNCT. The mean tumor volumes were 39 2 mm3 in the BNCT group and 134 18�...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

A rare case of extraventricular neurocytomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an unusual case of extraventricular (cerebral) neurocytoma with a long, 25-year history, and which appeared to transform to neuroblastoma. In 1978, an 18-year-old woman was treated for right frontal oligodendroglioma. Eighteen years later (in 1996), recurrence of tumor in the fourth ventricle was noted and was treated with gamma-knife radiotherapy. The tumor shrunk transiently, but 7 years later (in 2004), MRI study demonstrated a second recurrence and ventricular dissemination. Partial removal was performed, and histological examination revealed that tumor cells had round or oval nuclei with halos. Frequent ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Supratentorial ectopic cortical ependymoma occurring with intratumoral hemorrhageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here a rare case of supratentorial ectopic cortical ependymoma. This tumor was localized in the left angular gyrus, occurred with intratumoral hemorrhage, was attached to the dura mater, exhibited no continuity with the ventricular system, showed distinctive pathological features (perivascular pseudo-rosette formations and firework-like giant rosette formations), and finally transformed to a glioblastoma-like high-grade lesion. A cortical ependymoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of supratentorial cortical tumors with intraparenchymal hemorrhage and high vascularity, even if not in contact...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - May 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Two cases of ringlike enhancement on MRI mimicking malignant brain tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study was performed to investigate two cases with ringlike enhanced lesions mimicking malignant tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the utility of thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography (201Tl-SPECT) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. One patient was a 50-year-old man who presented with a right caudate lesion. The 201Tl-SPECT study revealed no uptake in the lesion. Stereotactic biopsy was performed, and pathological findings indicated cerebral infarction. The other patient was a 58-year-o...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 19, 2006 Category: Neurology Source Type: journals

A case of tanycytic ependymoma arising from the cerebral hemisphereEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a rare case of tanycytic ependymoma arising from the cerebral hemisphere. A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of the incidental detection by MRI of a tumor lesion in the right temporooccipital paratrigonal region. The mass showed low-to iso-intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2/proton-weighted images. Partial resection was performed using a transsulcal approach to avoid compromising the visual field. Most of the tumor cells showed elongated spindle shapes arranged in dense fascicles. A few true ependymal rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes were visible. The tumor cel...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 19, 2006 Category: Neurology Source Type: journals

Mixed germ cell tumors with abundant sarcomatous component in the temporal lobe after radiochemotherapy of neurohypophyseal germinoma: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of intracranial germ cell tumor that showed pathological changes from neurohypophyseal germinoma to mixed germ cell tumors consisting exclusively of undifferentiated sarcomatous component after radiochemotherapy. Three surgical specimens and autopsied brain from the patient were histologically examined. An initial specimen from the neurohypophyseal tumor was diagnosed as germinoma with a two-cell pattern. Five years later, after repeated radiochemotherapy, the second specimen resected from the right temporal lobe showed mixed germ cell tumors consisting of the three components of germinoma, choriocarci...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 19, 2006 Category: Neurology Source Type: journals

Prognostic implication of p27 expression in primary central nervous system lymphomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To clarify the role of p27/Kip1 (p27) in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), we examined p27 expression by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 22 patients with PCNSL. We attempted to correlate the expression of p27 with proliferation potential and prognosis. Although the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) was lower in tumors with low p27 expression (26.7% ± 17.2% vs 38.1% ± 16.3%), it was not significantly different from that of tumors with high p27 expression (P = 0.1253). Survival analysis revealed that high p27 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall prognosis (P = 0.00...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 19, 2006 Category: Neurology Source Type: journals