CNS Neuroscience and TherapeuticsThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2

72 records returned

Dopamine, Morphine, and Nitric Oxide: An Evolutionary Signaling Triad.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Morphine biosynthesis in relatively simple and complex integrated animal systems has been demonstrated. Key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway have also been identified, that is, CYP2D6 and COMT. Endogenous morphine appears to exert highly selective actions via novel mu opiate receptor subtypes, that is, mu3,-4, which are coupled to constitutive nitric oxide release, exerting general yet specific down regulatory actions in various animal tissues. The pivotal role of dopamine as a chemical intermediate in the morphine biosynthetic pathway in plants establishes a functional basis for its expansion into an essential role...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stefano GB, Kream RM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Cognitive deficits in bipolar individuals: implications for clinical practice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19889127 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Friedman ES Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Answers and questions: a star*D report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19889128 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Osher Y Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Galantamine-ER for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and correlation with hippocampal neuronal viability: a proof-of-concept study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Bipolar subjects had cognitive dysfunction; treatment with Galantamine-ER was associated with improved cognition and with increases in neuronal viability and normalization of lipid membrane metabolism in the left hippocampus. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00181636). PMID: 19889129 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Iosifescu DV, Moore CM, Deckersbach T, Tilley CA, Ostacher MJ, Sachs GS, Nierenberg AA Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Potential mechanisms involved in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases by lithium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lithium is a monovalent cation that was introduced in 1949 by John Cade for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Clinical reports and subsequent studies confirmed this application and the beneficial effects of this compound. However, over the last 15 years, various authors have also demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of lithium against several neurotoxic paradigms. Thus, experimental studies in neuronal cell cultures and animal models of Alzheimer disease and others pathologies have provided strong evidence for the potential benefits of lithium. The main mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects is thought t...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Camins A, Verdaguer E, Junyent F, Yeste-Velasco M, Pelegrí C, Vilaplana J, Pallás M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Biological Marker Candidates of Alzheimer's Disease in Blood, Plasma, and Serum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
At the earliest clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when first symptoms are mild, making a reliable and accurate diagnosis is difficult. AD related brain pathology and underlying molecular mechanisms precede symptoms. Biological markers can serve as supportive early screening and diagnostic tools as well as indicators of presymptomatic biochemical change. Moreover, biomarkers cover a variety of roles and functions such as disease prediction, indicating disease acuity and progression, and may ensure biological mapping of treatment outcome. Early screening, detection, and diagnosis of AD would permit earlier dis...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schneider P, Hampel H, Buerger K Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The Antiapoptotic Activity of Melatonin in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role in models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection by melatonin are not well understood. Apoptotic cell death in the central nervous system is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and the antiapoptotic survival signal pathways play critical roles in neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the reports to date showing inhibition by melatonin of the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in neurodegenerative diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease,...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - October 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang X Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Lomerizine, a Ca(2+) Channel Blocker, Protects against Neuronal Degeneration within the Visual Center of the Brain after Retinal Damage in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether lomerizine, a Ca(2+) channel blocker, protects against neuronal degeneration within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SC) after the induction of retinal damage by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in mice. NMDA (20 mM/2 muL) was injected into the vitreous body of the left eye in mice (DAY 0). Lomerizine at 30 mg/kg, p.o. was administered daily from immediately after the injection of NMDA (DAY 0) to 90 days after (DAY 90). To investigate the neuroprotective effects of lomerizine, the retina, dLGN, and SC were exami...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ito Y, Nakamura S, Tanaka H, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Araie M, Hara H Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Report of Two Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Studies of a Carbohydrate-Rich Nutrient Mixture for Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated a carbohydrate-rich nutrient-drink mix for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). This mixture may contribute to brain serotonin synthesis, potentially exerting an antidepressant effect and controlling carbohydrate cravings. Two successive double-blind placebo-controlled studies were performed. In Study 1, 18 subjects (50% women; mean age 43 +/- 15 years) with SCID-diagnosed SAD were randomized to 12 days of twice daily carbohydrate beverage (CHO) containing mixed starches, or a placebo beverage (PRO) containing the CHO mix plus casein protein to dampen serotonin synthesis. Following a 2-day wa...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mischoulon D, Pedrelli P, Wurtman J, Vangel M, Wurtman R Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Neurological and Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Antimanic Treatment in Children and Adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To identify the factors associated with incident neurological and cardiovascular adverse events in children and adolescents treated with antimanic agents, a retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted. Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims between January 1996 and December 2005 were used to identify 3657 children and adolescents prescribed antimanic medications, and a random sample of 4500 children not treated with psychotropic medications. All adverse events examined (sedation/drowsiness, headaches, involuntary movements/extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), cardiovascular events, hypertension, and orthostatic hypotension...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jerrell JM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Neuroendocrine-Related Adverse Events Associated with Antidepressant Treatment in Children and Adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study identifies the factors associated with incident neuroendocrine-related metabolic, digestive, and sexual/reproductive adverse events in children and adolescents treated with antidepressants. A retrospective cohort design evaluating Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims between January, 1996 and December, 2005 was employed for 11970 children and adolescents prescribed an antidepressant medication, and a random sample of 4500 children not treated with psychotropic medications. Incident obesity/weight gain, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were more likely for those prescribed selective serotonin reuptake i...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jerrell JM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Validation of the Massachusetts General Hospital Antidepressant Treatment History Questionnaire (ATRQ).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The low rate of response to antidepressants in treatment resistant depression (TRD) justifies studies of next-step therapies following a treatment failure. In TRD clinical trials, it is important to verify the accurate diagnosis of treatment resistance for all enrolled subjects using a reliable and valid instrument. Self-rated scales can reduce the impact of investigator bias and reduce the time burden for clinical researchers. The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Antidepressant Treatment Response Questionnaire (ATRQ) is a self-rated scale used to determine treatment resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD). T...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chandler GM, Iosifescu DV, Pollack MH, Targum SD, Fava M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The Impact of Nonclinical Factors on Care Use for Patients with Depression: A STAR*D Report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Data suggest diligent, measurement-based mental health programs may reduce race, gender, and education disparities in the use of needed mental health care. PMID: 19712127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kashner TM, Trivedi MH, Wicker A, Fava M, Wisniewski SR, Rush AJ Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Introduction to the special issue: anxiety disorders in cross-cultural perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This special issue explores the cross-cultural variation in the presentation and generation of anxiety disorders. As a background review, in this Introduction, we illustrate how the cognitive theory of the generation of anxiety disorders explains how such cross-cultural variation occurs. We first show how the "catastrophic cognitions" theory applies to panic disorder and then suggest how the "catastrophic cognitions" theory applies to all anxiety disorders-and so explains the existence of profound cultural influence on the presentation and generation of the anxiety disorders. PMID: 19691539 [PubMed - in process] (S...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hinton DE, Pollack MH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Lives in Isolation: stories and struggles of low-income African American women with panic disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research evidence points to the existence of racial-ethnic disparities in both access to and quality of mental health services for African Americans with panic disorder. Current panic disorder evaluation and treatment paradigms are not responsive to the needs of many African Americans. The primary individual, social, and health-care system factors that limit African Americans' access to care and response to treatment are not well understood. Low-income African American women with panic disorder participated in a series of focus-group sessions designed to elicit (1) their perspectives regarding access and treatment barr...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johnson M, Mills TL, Deleon JM, Hartzema AG, Haddad J Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The assessment of the phenomenology of sleep paralysis: the Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire (USEQ).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous research has found a relationship between sleep paralysis (SP) and anxiety states and higher rates have been reported among certain ethnic groups. To advance the cross-cultural study of SP, we developed a brief assessment instrument (which can be self-administered), the Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire (USEQ). In this article, we report on a pilot study with the USEQ in a sample of 208 college students. The instrument was easily understood by the participants, with one quarter reporting at least one lifetime episode of SP. As in previous studies, SP was associated with anxiety (in particular, panic atta...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Paradis C, Friedman S, Hinton DE, McNally RJ, Solomon LZ, Lyons KA Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Fear of cultural extinction and psychopathology among mandaean refugees: an exploratory path analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to examine the relationships between life experiences, psychopathology and fear of cultural extinction in Mandaean refugees. A survey was conducted of 315 adult Iraqi Mandaean refugees living in Australia. Past traumatic experiences and current resettlement difficulties were assessed. Mental health outcomes were also examined, including measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Fear of cultural extinction was measured by items developed in consultation with the Mandaean community. A path analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between trauma, living difficulties, PTSD, ...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nickerson A, Bryant RA, Brooks R, Steel Z, Silove D Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Gender and anxiety in Nepal: the role of social support, stressful life events, and structural violence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Women are at a greater risk of anxiety in Nepal. Social support moderates the risk of anxiety among men but not among women. Ethnography and mixed-methods research are needed to identify other forms of support that may be protective for women and such factors should be promoted in gender-focused mental health interventions. PMID: 19691543 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kohrt BA, Worthman CM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Panic disorder, panic attacks and panic attack symptoms across race-ethnic groups: results of the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study investigates race-ethnic differences in rates of panic disorder, panic attacks and certain panic attack symptoms by jointly combining three major national epidemiological databases. The compared groups were White, African American, Latino and Asian. The White group had significantly higher rates of panic disorder, and of many panic symptoms, including palpitations, as compared to the African American, Asian and Latino groups. Several expected race-ethnic differences were not found. An explanation for these findings are adduced, and suggestions are given for future studies so that possible ethnic-racia...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Asnaani A, Gutner CA, Hinton DE, Hofmann SG Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Based on the results of a randomized controlled trial, we examined a model of the mechanisms of efficacy of culturally adapted cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for Cambodian refugees with pharmacology-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comordid orthostatic panic attacks (PAs). Twelve patients were in the initial treatment condition, 12 in the delayed treatment condition. The patients randomized to CBT had much greater improvement than patients in the waitlist condition on all psychometric measures and on one physiological measure-the systolic blood pressure response to orthostasis (d = 1.31)-as evaluate...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, Otto MW Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

A model of the generation of ataque de nervios: the role of fear of negative affect and fear of arousal symptoms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article examines a model of the generation of ataque de nervios, according to which both fear of negative affectivity and fear of arousal symptoms are associated with the emergence of ataques. We examine the relationship of fear of negative affectivity and fear of arousal to the severity of ataque de nervios during the last month and the last 6 months among Caribbean Latinos residing in the United States. The measures include a Fear of Anger Scale and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the ASI augmented with two items that assess fear of arousal symptoms common in ataques: chest tightness and a sense of inner heat. ...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hinton DE, Lewis-Fernández R, Pollack MH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Symptom dimensions in chinese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To study the symptom dimensions of Chinese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the symptom checklist of the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS) was used to assess the symptom dimensions of 139 OCD patients at a mental health center in Shanghai. The most common symptom dimensions were symmetry (67.6%), contamination (43.2%), and aggression (31.7%). The frequency of patients with the miscellaneous, sexual/religious, and hoarding symptom dimensions was 25.9%, 10.8%, and 8.6%, respectively. The frequency of male patients with symmetry concerns was higher than that of the female patien...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Y, Marques L, Hinton DE, Wang Y, Xiao ZP Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Biological variations in depression and anxiety between East and west.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on the impact of such variations on the diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders between East and West. Genes controlling the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes as well as the function of the brain are highly polymorphic, and the patterns and distribution of these polymorphisms are typically divergent across ethnic groups. To the extent that these genetic patterns determine drug response, ethnic variations in these genetic dispositions will lead to differential responses in clinical settings. In addition, the expression of these genes is significantly influenced by environmental...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen PY, Wang SC, Poland RE, Lin KM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Anxiety disorder presentations in asian populations: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews typical anxiety presentations in Asia, and among Asian refugees. In Asia, there are multiple functional somatic syndromes that are common anxiety presentations. These distress syndromes often produce catastrophic cognitions about anxiety-type somatic and psychological symptoms. These functional somatic syndromes should be understood, and specifically assessed and addressed, in order to optimize the evaluation and treatment of anxiety disorders among Asian individuals. PMID: 19691549 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hinton DE, Park L, Hsia C, Hofmann S, Pollack MH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Neuroprotective effects of vinpocetine and its major metabolite cis-apovincaminic acid on NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in a rat entorhinal cortex lesion model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vinpocetine (ethyl-apovincaminate, Cavinton), a synthetic derivative of the Vinca minor alkaloid vincamine, has been used now for decades for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases predisposing to development of dementia. Both vinpocetine and its main metabolite cis-apovincaminic acid (cAVA) exert a neuroprotective type of action. Bilateral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex of rat was used as a dementia model to confirm the neuroprotective action of these compounds in vivo. NMDA-lesioned rats were treated 60 min before lesion and throughout 3 postoperative days...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nyakas C, Felszeghy K, Szabó R, Keijser JN, Luiten PG, Szombathelyi Z, Tihanyi K Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

A comparison of emotional approach coping (EAC) between individuals with anxiety disorders and nonanxious controls.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Emotional regulation deficits are described as a core component of anxiety disorders (ADs), yet there remains a paucity of data examining this issue in patients diagnosed with ADs. We hypothesized that help-seeking individuals with ADs would report lower levels of emotional approach coping (EAC), which includes emotional processing (EP) and emotional expression (EE), than nonanxious controls. Diagnostic interviews and a validated self-report scale assessing emotional approaches to coping (emotional approach coping scale [EACS]) were administered to 101 nonanxious controls and 92 patients with a primary AD (29 generaliz...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marques L, Kaufman RE, LeBeau RT, Moshier SJ, Otto MW, Pollack MH, Simon NM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Vilazodone: a 5-HT1A receptor agonist/serotonin transporter inhibitor for the treatment of affective disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vilazodone (EMD 68843; 5-{4-[4-(5-cyano-3-indolyl)-butyl]-1-piperazinyl}-benzofuran-2-carboxamide hydrochloride) is a combined serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of major depression. This molecule was designed based on the premise that negative feedback circuitry, mediated via 5-HT1 receptors, limits the acute SSRI-induced enhancements in serotonergic neurotransmission. If the hypothesis is correct, combination of SSRI with 5-HT1A partial agonism should temporally enhance the neuroplastic adaptation and subsequently hast...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dawson LA, Watson JM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Omega-3 fatty acids in depression: a review of three studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We review three studies of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depression that were carried out by our research group at the Beer Sheva Mental Health Center. The first study examined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) versus placebo as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment in 20 unipolar patients with recurrent major depression. The second study used omega-3 fatty acids in childhood major depression; 28 children aged 6-12 were randomized to omega-3 fatty acids or placebo as pharmacologic monotherapy. The third study was an open-label add-on trial of EPA in bipolar depression. Twelve bipolar outpatients with depressive sy...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Osher Y, Belmaker RH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Behavioral treatments of chronic tension-type headache in adults: are they beneficial?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To assess the efficacy of behavioral treatments in patients with tension headache. Medline, Cinahl, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to October 2007 and reference lists were checked. We selected randomized trials evaluating behavioral treatments (e.g., relaxation, electromyographic [EMG] biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral training) in patients with tension-type headache (TTH). We assessed the risk of bias using the Delphi list and extracted data from the original reports. A qualitative analysis was carried out. We found 44 trials (2618 patients), which were included in this review, of wh...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Verhagen AP, Damen L, Berger MY, Passchier J, Koes BW Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Neurochemical Approaches in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Parkinson and Parkinson Dementia Syndromes: A Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is rendered on the basis of clinical parameters, whereby laboratory chemical tests or morphological imaging is only called upon to exclude other neurodegenerative diseases. The differentiation between PD and other diseases of the basal ganglia, especially the postsynaptic Parkinson syndromes multisystem atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), is of decisive importance, on the one hand, for the response to an appropriate therapy, and on the other hand, for the respective prognosis of the disease. However, particularly at the onset of symptoms, it is difficult to pr...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - March 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jesse S, Steinacker P, Lehnert S, Gillardon F, Hengerer B, Otto M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The Aspects and Mechanisms of Cognitive Alterations in Epilepsy: The Role of Antiepileptic Medications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epilepsy is a major health problem. Several studies suggest a significant influence of epilepsy and its treatment on dynamic and functional properties of brain activity. Epilepsy can adversely affect mental development, cognition, and behavior. Epileptic patients may experience reduced intelligence, attention, and problems in memory, language, and frontal executive functions. Neuropsychological, functional, and quantitative neuroimaging studies revealed that epilepsy affect the brain as a whole. Mechanisms of epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction are poorly delineated. Cognitive deficits with epilepsy may be transient...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hamed SA Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Pharmacology of ramelteon, a selective MT1/MT2 receptor agonist: a novel therapeutic drug for sleep disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An estimated one-third of the general population is affected by insomnia, and this number is increasing due to more stressful working conditions and the progressive aging of society. However, current treatment of insomnia with hypnotics, gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor modulators, induces various side effects, including cognitive impairment, motor disturbance, dependence, tolerance, hangover, and rebound insomnia. Ramelteon (Rozerem; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan) is an orally active, highly selective melatonin MT(1)/MT(2) receptor agonist. Unlike the sedative hypnotics that target GA...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 25, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miyamoto M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Distinct Brain Volume Changes Correlating with Clinical Stage, Disease Progression Rate, Mutation Size, and Age at Onset Prediction as Early Biomarkers of Brain Atrophy in Huntington's Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Searching brain and peripheral biomarkers is a requisite to cure Huntington's disease (HD). To search for markers indicating the rate of brain neurodegenerative changes in the various disease stages, we quantified changes in brain atrophy in subjects with HD. We analyzed the cross-sectional and longitudinal rate of brain atrophy, quantitatively measured by fully-automated multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, as fractional gray matter (GM, determining brain cortex volume), white matter (WM, measuring the volume of axonal fibers), and corresponding cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, a measure of global brain atrophy), in...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Squitieri F, Cannella M, Simonelli M, Sassone J, Martino T, Venditti E, Ciammola A, Colonnese C, Frati L, Ciarmiello A Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Clinical Evaluation of the Daily Assessment of Symptoms-Anxiety (DAS-A): A New Instrument to Assess the Onset of Symptomatic Improvement in Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data indicate that the DAS-A can detect symptomatic improvement in GAD patients treated with lorazepam during the first week of treatment, and, in a secondary analysis, as early as 24 h. PMID: 19228175 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Feltner DE, Harness J, Brock J, Sambunaris A, Cappelleri JC, Morlock R Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Open-label support for duloxetine for the treatment of panic disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia is a common, often chronic and refractory anxiety disorder. Although a number of pharmacotherapies are now indicated for panic disorder, many patients do not respond to available interventions. We hypothesized that duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that has greater initial noradrenergic effects than venlafaxine, would have broad efficacy for individuals with panic disorder. Fifteen individuals with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia received 8 weeks of open label duloxetine flexibly dosed from 60 to 120 mg per day. Duloxetine treatment re...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Simon NM, Kaufman RE, Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Herlands NN, Owens ME, Pollack MH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Low risk of development of substance dependence for barbiturates and clobazam prescribed as antiepileptic drugs: results from a questionnaire study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is no systematical research about the topic of dependence on antiepileptic drugs (AED) for patients with epilepsy, despite the fact that barbiturates and benzodiazepines comprise a potential risk of dependence. We hypothesize that there is no psychological substance dependence for patients with epilepsy, possibly because of their outcome expectations. The aim of the study was to examine these patients in terms of substance dependence. One hundred inpatients at the Lake Constance Epilepsy Center were asked about their experiences with AED in terms of dependence in a structured interview. We registered general stat...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Uhlmann C, Fröscher W Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Pharmacology of Ramelteon, a Selective MT/MT Receptor Agonist: A Novel Therapeutic Drug for Sleep Disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An estimated one-third of the general population is affected by insomnia, and this number is increasing due to more stressful working conditions and the progressive aging of society. However, current treatment of insomnia with hypnotics, gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor modulators, induces various side effects, including cognitive impairment, motor disturbance, dependence, tolerance, hangover, and rebound insomnia. Ramelteon (Rozerem; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan) is an orally active, highly selective melatonin MT(1)/MT(2) receptor agonist. Unlike the sedative hypnotics that target GA...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miyamoto M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Beta-2 receptor antagonists for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of controlled trials in animal models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was undertaken to assess the effects of beta-2 receptor antagonists in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Database and reference list searches were performed to identify eligible studies. Outcome data were extracted on functional status, as measured by the grip test or neurological severity score (NSS), and cerebral edema, as measured by brain water content (BWC). Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Seventeen controlled trials involving 817 animals were identified. Overall methodological quality was poor. Results from the grip test sugg...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ker K, Perel P, Blackhall K Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neurodegenerative diseases represent, nowadays, one of the main causes of death in the industrialized country. They are characterized by a loss of neurons in particular regions of the nervous system. It is believed that this nerve cell loss underlies the subsequent decline in cognitive and motor function that patients experience in these diseases. A range of mutant genes and environmental toxins have been implicated in the cause of neurodegenerative disorders but the mechanism remains largely unknown. At present, inflammation, a common denominator among the diverse list of neurodegenerative diseases, has been implicate...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Iuvone T, Esposito G, De Filippis D, Scuderi C, Steardo L Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Comparative neuroprotective properties of stilbene and catechin analogs: action via a plasma membrane receptor site?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Various studies have reported on the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols, widely present in food, beverages, and natural products. For example, we have shown that resveratrol, a polyphenol enriched in red wine and other foods such as peanuts, protects hippocampal cells against beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced toxicity, a key protein involved in the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease. This effect involves, at least in part, the capacity of resveratrol to activate the phosphorylation of delta isoform of protein kinase C (PKC-delta). The neuroprotective action of resveratrol is shared by piceatannol, a stilbene derivative...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bastianetto S, Dumont Y, Han Y, Quirion R Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid in the Management of Treatment-Resistant Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This is the report of an open label clinical trial to evaluate the effects of nabilone, an endocannabinoid receptor agonist, on treatment-resistant nightmares in patients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Charts of 47 patients diagnosed with PTSD and having continuing nightmares in spite of conventional antidepressants and hypnotics were reviewed after adjunctive treatment with nabilone was initiated. These patients had been referred to a psychiatric specialist outpatient clinic between 2004 and 2006. The majority of patients (72%) receiving nabilone experienced either cessation of nightmare...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fraser GA Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Prediction of Response to Antidepressants: Is Quantitative EEG (QEEG) an Alternative?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Selecting the most effective antidepressant for depressed subjects having failed previous treatments is difficult; the rates of success are relatively low. There is a clear need for objective biomarkers which could assist and optimize such treatment selection. We review here the current literature and recent developments on the role of quantitative EEG (QEEG) predictors of treatment outcome in major depressive disorder. PMID: 19040551 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics)
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Iosifescu DV Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

TC-5214 (S-(+)-Mecamylamine): A Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Modulator with Antidepressant Activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Both clinical and preclinical data support a potential therapeutic benefit of modulating the activity of CNS neuronal nicotinic receptors (NNRs) to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Based on the notion that the depressive states involve hypercholinergic tone, we have examined the potential palliative role of NNR antagonism in these disorders, using TC-5214 (S-(+) enantiomer of mecamylamine), a noncompetitive NNR antagonist. TC-5214 demonstrated positive effects in a number of animal models of depression and anxiety. TC-5214 was active in the forced swim test in rats (minimum effective dose (MED) = 3 mg/kg i.p.), ...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lippiello PM, Beaver JS, Gatto GJ, James JW, Jordan KG, Traina VM, Xie J, Bencherif M Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Ziprasidone in the treatment of affective disorders: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ziprasidone was the fifth atypical antipsychotic approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in bipolar mania and mixed episodes. This atypical antipsychotic has a unique profile, as it acts primarily through serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor antagonism, but also exerts effects as an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. Moreover, one of the advantages of ziprasidone is its safety profile as it is not associated with clinically significant metabolic side effects and little or no effect on prolactin level or anticholinergic side effects. Most of the studies evaluating ziprasidone's efficacy and safety ar...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rosa AR, Franco C, Torrent C, Comes M, Cruz N, Horga G, Benabarre A, Vieta E Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Niacin for stroke prevention: evidence and rationale.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with increased atherothrombotic events, including stroke. Niacin is a safe and effective means of raising HDL, yet its role in stroke prevention is not well characterized. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of niacin in stroke prevention. A search of the PUBMED database using the keywords niacin, stroke, atherosclerosis, and/or carotid artery was undertaken to identify studies for review. National guidelines from the American Heart Asssociation and National Cholesterol Education Program were reviewed. Treatment of low serum HDL (<...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Keener A, Sanossian N Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

The pharmacology of lysergic Acid diethylamide: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called "experimental psychosis" by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures ("psycholytic" and "psychedelic" therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and better study oversight, scientific interest in LSD has resumed for brain research and experimental treatments. Due to the lack...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Passie T, Halpern JH, Stichtenoth DO, Emrich HM, Hintzen A Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Ang II and Ang IV: Unraveling the Mechanism of Action on Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The central angiotensin system plays a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation. More recently, angiotensin peptides have been implicated in stress, anxiety, depression, cognition, and epilepsy. Angiotensin II (Ang II) exerts its actions through AT(1) and AT(2) receptors, while most actions of its metabolite Ang IV were believed to be independent of AT(1) or AT(2) receptor activation. A specific binding site with high affinity for Ang IV was discovered and denominated "AT(4) receptor". The beneficiary effects of AT(4) ligands in animal models for cognitive impairment and epileptic seizures initiated the search for the...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: De Bundel D, Smolders I, Vanderheyden P, Michotte Y Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Enhancing Aromatic L-amino Acid Decarboxylase Activity: Implications for L-DOPA Treatment in Parkinson's Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) is an essential enzyme for the formation of catecholamines, indolamines, and trace amines. Moreover, it is a required enzyme for converting L-DOPA to dopamine when treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). There is now substantial evidence that the activity of AAAD in striatum is regulated by activation and induction, and second messengers play a role. Enzyme activity can be modulated by drugs acting on a number of neurotransmitter receptors including dopamine (D1-4), glutamate (NMDA), serotonin (5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A)) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Generally, anta...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hadjiconstantinou M, Neff NH Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Simultaneous manipulation of multiple brain targets by green tea catechins: a potential neuroprotective strategy for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (AD and PD, respectively) are merely symptomatic, intended for the treatment of symptoms, but offer only partial benefit, without any disease-modifying activity. Novel promising strategies suggest the use of antiinflammatory drugs, antioxidants, iron-complexing molecules, neurotrophic factor delivery, inhibitors of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-processing secretases, gamma and beta (that generate the amyloid-beta peptides, Abeta), anti-Abeta aggregation molecules, the interference with lipid cholesterol metabolism and naturally occurring plant fla...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 3, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mandel SA, Amit T, Weinreb O, Reznichenko L, Youdim MB Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals

Oxytocin levels in social anxiety disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide recently associated with social behavior in animals and humans, but the study of its function in populations with social deficits such as autism, schizophrenia, and social anxiety disorder has only recently begun. We measured plasma oxytocin in 24 patients with Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder (GSAD) and 22 healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were no significant differences in oxytocin level (pg/mL) between patients (M = 163.0, SD = 109.4) and controls (M = 145.0, SD = 52.9, z = 0.21, P= 0.8). Within the GSAD sample, however, higher social anxiety symptom sev...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 20, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hoge EA, Pollack MH, Kaufman RE, Zak PJ, Simon NM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: journals