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Presence of a Deletion Mutation (c.716delA) in the Ligand Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor in an Indian Patient with Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type IIEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II (VDDR-type II) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Here, we describe a patient with VDDR-type II with severe alopecia and rickets. She had hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Sequence analysis of the lymphocyte VDR cDNA revealed deletion mutation c.716delA. Sequence analysis of her genomic DNA fragment amplified from exon 6 of the VDR gene incorporating this mutation confirmed the presence of the mutation in homozygous form. Thi...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - November 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Cytokine Receptor-Like Factor 1 is Highly Expressed in Damaged Human Knee Osteoarthritic Cartilage and Involved in Osteoarthritis Downstream of TGF-βEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease and is characterized by pain and functional loss of the joint. However, the pathogenic mechanism of OA remains unclear, and no drug therapy for preventing its progress has been established. To identify genes related to the progress of OA, the gene expression profiles of paired intact and damaged cartilage obtained from OA patients undergoing joint substitution were compared using oligo microarrays. Using functional categorization combined with gene ontology and a statistical analysis, five genes were found to be highly expressed in damaged cart...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - November 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Biology and Clinical Significance of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatases: New Perspectives on an Old EnzymeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Type 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been a clinically relevant biomarker for about 50 years. It has always been a reliable and specific cytochemical marker for hairy cell leukemia and for differentiated cells of monocytic lineage. Only recently has the test for serum TRAP activity been accepted as sensitive and specific enough for clinical use as a marker of osteoclasts and bone resorption. This has come about through steady advances in knowledge about TRAP enzymology, structure, function, and molecular regulation and a consequent appreciation that TRAP isoforms 5a and 5b have...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - November 14, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Microarchitecture of the Radial Head and Its Changes in AgingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Fractures of the radial head are common; however, it remains to be determined whether the radial head has to be considered as a typical location for fractures associated with osteoporosis. To investigate whether the human radial head shows structural changes during aging, we analyzed 30 left and 30 right human radial heads taken from 30 individuals. The specimens taken from the left side were analyzed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and micro-CT. The specimens taken from the right elbow joint were analyzed by radiography and histomorphometry. In these specimens pQCT revealed a ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - November 13, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Analysis of Association of LRP5, LRP6, SOST, DKK1, and CTNNB1 Genes with Bone Mineral Density in a Slovenian PopulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The Wnt pathway has a bifunctional role in bone mass regulation, influencing osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The Wnt pathway genes are therefore candidate genes for susceptibility to osteoporosis. In our study, we focused on the effects of polymorphisms in selected Wnt pathway genes: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), Dickkopf1 (DKK1), sclerostin (SOST), and β-catenin (CTNNB1). We genotyped 652 subjects for the following polymorphisms: A1330V in LRP5; I1062V in LRP6; E232K in DKK1; D32Y, G34V, and N287S in CTNNB1; and -1397_-1396insGGA in SOST. Bone mineral densit...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - November 7, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Effects of a Prolonged Submersion on Bone Strength and Metabolism in Young Healthy SubmarinersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Submariners taking part in prolonged missions are exposed to environmental factors that may adversely affect bone health. Among these, relatively high levels of CO2, lack of sunlight exposure affecting vitamin D metabolism, limited physical activity, and altered dietary habits. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of a prolonged submersion (30 days) on changes in bone strength using quantitative bone speed of sound and in markers of bone metabolism that include bone turnover (BAP, PINP, TRAP5b, and CTx) and endocrine regulators (serum calcium, PTH, and 25[OH]D) in a group of 32 you...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 31, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Biphasic Glucocorticoid-Dependent Regulation of Wnt Expression and Its Inhibitors in Mature Osteoblastic CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Glucocorticoids exert both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone. Previously, we reported that endogenous glucocorticoids control mesenchymal lineage commitment and osteoblastogenesis through regulation of Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. Here, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on Wnt expression in mature osteoblasts. Mature osteoblasts and their immature progenitors were separately isolated from Col2.3-GFP transgenic mice in which mature osteoblasts are identifiable through GFP expression. mRNA levels of Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 were 4- to 12-fold higher in osteoblasts...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 30, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Molecular Variation in Neuropeptide Y and Bone Mineral Density Among Men of African AncestryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a physiological candidate gene for the regulation of body weight and has more recently been implicated in regulating bone mass. The current study sought to test if inherited variation in NPY might influence BMD in a population of African-ancestry men who have high bone mineral density (BMD). We genotyped 17 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the NPY gene region in 1,113 randomly selected men of African ancestry aged ≥40 years and tested for association with anthropometric characteristics and proximal femur BMD. The homozygous rare genotype of four SN...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 29, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

The Heterozygous Lemd3+/GT Mouse Is Not a Murine Model for Osteopoikilosis in HumansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Osteopoikilosis and the Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome are skeletal dysplasias with hyperostotic lesions in the long bones. These disorders are caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the LEMD3 gene. LEMD3 codes for a protein of the inner nuclear membrane that, through interaction with R-SMADs, antagonizes the BMP and TGFβ1 pathway. It is suggested that the hyperostotic lesions in these disorders are caused by enhanced BMP and TGFβ1 signaling. The exact mechanism by which mutations in the LEMD3 gene lead to these bone lesions has not yet been unraveled precisely. To further assess this, a...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 28, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Association Between Ultrasonographic Findings and Bone/Cartilage Biomarkers in Patients with Early-Stage Knee OsteoarthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Little is known regarding the association between ultrasonographic (US) findings and biomarkers of bone and cartilage in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated (1) US findings in early-stage knee OA and (2) the association between US findings and bone/cartilage biomarkers. A population cohort aged 35–55 years (n = 106) with early-stage knee OA was investigated. US examination was performed according to European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines using a 7.5-MHz probe. Biomarkers of bone resorption (CTx-I) and formation (PINP), cartilage resorption (U-CT...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 28, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Does Prolonged Warfarin Exposure Potentiate Coronary Calcification in Humans? Results of the Warfarin and Coronary Calcification StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Warfarin has been shown to accelerate vascular calcification in experimental animals, and possibly humans, through inhibition of the vitamin K–dependent protein matrix gla protein, a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients without coronary heart disease, currently taking or referred for warfarin therapy. The primary end point was severity of CAC measured by electron beam computed tomography attributed to duration of warfarin use, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Seventy patie...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 22, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Growing Mice Is Not Prevented by Simultaneous Intermittent PTH TreatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in medicine for treatment of chronic diseases. Especially in children, prolonged treatment causes growth retardation and early onset of osteoporosis. Human parathyroid hormone (PTH) has an anabolic effect on bone when administrated intermittently. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a combined therapy of dexamethasone (DEX) and PTH could prevent the detrimental effects of GC on cortical and trabecular bone in the femur and vertebrae of growing mice. Three-week-old female FVB mice were treated with control, DEX, PTH, or a combination of DEX and PT...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 21, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Reduction in Fracture Rate and Back Pain and Increased Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Teriparatide: 18-Month Data from the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis who were prescribed teriparatide in standard clinical practice had a significant reduction in the incidence of fragility fractures and a reduction in back pain over an 18-month treatment period. This was associated with a clinically significant improvement in HRQoL. Safety was consistent with current prescribing information. These results should be interpreted in the context of the open-label, noncontrolled design of the study. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9299-6Authors Bente L. Langdahl, Århus University Hospital Department of End...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 13, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Comparison of Monthly Ibandronate Versus Weekly Risedronate in Preference, Convenience, and Bone Turnover Markers in Korean Postmenopausal Osteoporotic WomenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study revealed a strong preference and convenience for monthly ibandronate over weekly risedronate in Korean postmenopausal osteoporotic women. There was no significant difference in change of bone turnover marker and safety profile between the two regimens. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9294-yAuthors Yoon-Sok Chung, Ajou University School of Medicine Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Suwon KoreaSung-Kil Lim, Yonsei University College of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-752 South KoreaHo-Yeo...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Correlation of High-Resolution X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography with Bioluminescence Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Growth in a Xenograft Mouse ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here on the corresponding high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis to study skeletal defects in the mice with full-blown MM. Several anatomical derangements were observed, including abnormalities in geometry and morphology, asymmetrical bone structures, decreased overall density in the remaining bone, loss of trabecular bone mass, destruction of the inner microarchitecture, as well as cortical perforations. Using the combination of BLI, micro-CT imaging, and immune-histopathological techniques, we found a high correlation between the micro-CT-identified lesions, exact tumor locati...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Elastin Degradation Accelerates Phosphate-Induced Mineralization of Vascular Smooth Muscle CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Medial layer vascular calcification is common in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Inorganic phosphate has been shown to accelerate the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells, which is thought to be a major process of medial layer calcification. Although elastin degradation is associated with medial layer calcification, the linkage between elastin degradation and the transformation of VSMCs remains to be clarified. We investigated the involvement of elastin degradation in the transformation of VSMCs. Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured with a normal-...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 6, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Minimum Required Vitamin D Level for Optimal Increase in Bone Mineral Density with Alendronate Treatment in Osteoporotic WomenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are common in the elderly. Most previous studies using alendronate have used vitamin D supplementation regardless of individual vitamin D status. However, the minimum required vitamin D levels for the efficacy of alendronate treatment of osteoporosis remain unclear. Fifty-two postmenopausal women, diagnosed with osteoporosis, were enrolled in this prospective study, in which they took 5 mg of alendronate daily for 6 months without any supplements. Associations between baseline factors and their changes during the treatment and the change in the lumbar...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - October 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Enhancement of Absolute Fracture Risk Prognosis with Genetic Marker: The Collagen I Alpha 1 GeneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract An important objective of genetic research in osteoporosis is to translate genotype data into the prognosis of fracture. The present study sought to develop a prognostic model for predicting osteoporotic fracture by using information from a genetic marker and clinical risk factors. It was designed as a prospective epidemiological study which involved 894 women of Caucasian background aged 60+ years who had been followed for a median of 9 years (from 1989 and 2008, range 0.2–18 years). During the follow-up period, fragility fracture was ascertained by X-ray reports for all women. Bone min...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 30, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

International Symposium on Paget’s Disease Oxford, UK 8–9 July 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9293-z Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 22, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Forum in Bone and Mineral Research 6th Meeting NapoliEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9292-0 Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Bone Turnover and the Osteoprotegerin–RANKL Pathway in Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: A Longitudinal Study of Five CasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To evaluate serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB (RANKL), and their relationship with FGF-23, lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers, five patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) and 40 healthy controls were studied. TIO patients were followed for 360 days after surgical removal of underlying tumor (n = 2) or beginning of therapy with phosphate and calcitriol when surgical treatment was impossible (n = 3). At diagnosis, TIO patients had higher levels of FGF-23 and bone-specific alkaline phosph...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Bone Seeking Labels as Markers for Bone Turnover: Effect of Dosing Schedule on Labeling Various Bone Sites in RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study affirms that a single administration of either 3H-TC or 45Ca is a useful approach to measuring bone turnover directly. The amount of label incorporation into bone was greater in bone sites that were more metabolically active and in all sites when closer vs farther from OVX. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9285-zAuthors Jennifer M. K. Cheong, Purdue University Department of Foods and Nutrition 700 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907-2059 USANilupa S. Gunaratna, Purdue University Department of Statistics West Lafayette IN 47907-2059 USAGeorge P. McCabe, Purdue University Department ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Treatment of Osteoporosis with Parathyroid Hormone and TeriparatideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9291-1Authors Johannes Pleiner-Duxneuner, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling 4th Medicine Department, Hanusch Hospital 1140 Vienna AustriaElisabeth Zwettler, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling 4th Medicine Department, Hanusch Hospital 1140 Vienna AustriaEleftherios Paschalis, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling 4th Medicine Department, Hanusch Hospita...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Elevated Serum PTH Is Independently Associated with Poor Outcomes in Older Patients with Hip Fracture and Vitamin D InadequacyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To determine whether serum 25(OH)D and/or PTH levels in older patients with hip fracture (HF) could predict short-term clinical outcomes, we conducted a prospective observational study of 287 consecutive HF patients (mean age 81.9 ± 7.5 [SD] years, 72% females). The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (25[OH]D < 80 nmol/l) was 97.1%, that of vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D < 50 nmol/l) was 79.8%, and that of elevated PTH level (>6.8 pmol/l) was 35.5%. After adjustment for age and sex, PTH was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR&...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Significant Association of Fracture of the Lumbar Spine with Mortality in Female Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Observational StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, lumbar fracture is significantly associated with all-cause mortality in female patients. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9278-yAuthors Yoshifumi Maeno, Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital Osaka JapanMasaaki Inaba, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Internal Medicine 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku Osaka 545-8585 JapanSenji Okuno, Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital Osaka JapanKaori Kohno, Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital Osaka JapanKiyoshi Maekawa, Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital Osaka JapanTomoyuki Yamakawa,...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Effect of the Vitamin D Receptor on Bone Geometry and Strength During Gestation and Lactation in MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the role of the VDR in maintaining bone geometry and strength during gestation and lactation, when increased demands are placed on the calcium regulatory channels, was examined using a knockout mouse model. A rescue diet was used to counteract the decrease in calcium absorption in the gut that results from the absence of the VDR. Structural and compositional characteristics of the femur were compared between VDR knockout and wild-type mice following 9 and 16 days of gestation and 5 and 10 days of lactation using generalized linear models. Overall, the knockout mice had 6.5% lower cortical area...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Treatment with a Potent Cathepsin K Inhibitor Preserves Cortical and Trabecular Bone Mass in Ovariectomized MonkeysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The cysteine protease cathepsin K is involved in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. We evaluated the effect of daily oral dosing of an inhibitor of human cathepsin K (SB-462795 [relacatib]) for 9 months on bone turnover, mass, and architecture in estrogen-deficient cynomolgus monkeys. Ovariectomized animals were treated orally with relacatib at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg/day, or oral vehicle plus alendronate at 0.05 mg/kg by IV injection once every 2 weeks. The control groups, ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized animals, received vehicle (all groups n = 20 animals). Samples for ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Marrow Stromal Cell-Based Cyclooxygenase 2 Ex Vivo Gene-Transfer Strategy Surprisingly Lacks Bone-Regeneration Effects and Suppresses the Bone-Regeneration Action of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in a Mouse Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated whether the murine leukemia virus (MLV)–based cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) ex vivo gene-transfer strategy promotes healing of calvarial defects and/or synergistically enhances bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4–mediated bone regeneration. Gelatin scaffolds impregnated with mouse marrow stromal cells (MSCs) transduced with MLV-expressing BMP4, Cox-2, or a control gene were implanted into mouse calvarial defects. Bone regeneration was assessed by X-ray, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and histology. In vitro, Cox-2 or prostanglandin E2 enhanced synergistically the osteoblastic differentiation action...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Endostatin Affects Osteoblast Behavior In Vitro, but Collagen XVIII/Endostatin Is Not Essential for Skeletal Development In VivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, endostatin affects osteoblast behavior in vitro, the effects being boosted by simultaneous treatment with VEGF. In vivo, Col18a1 −/− and ES-tg mice show mild delays in bone development. These changes are transitory and suggest that collagen XVIII/endostatin does not play an indispensable role in skeletal development. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9287-xAuthors Annina Sipola, University of Oulu Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine Oulu FinlandLotta Seppinen, University of Oulu Oulu Center for Cell–Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu Oulu FinlandTaina ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Transplanted Chondrocytes Inhibit Endochondral Ossification Within Cartilage Repair TissueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transplanted chondrocytes on endochondral bone formation in cartilage repair tissue. In the knee joint of miniature pigs, cartilage lesions were treated by microfracturing and were then either left empty, covered with a collagen membrane, or treated by matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. In control lesions, the subchondral bone plate was left intact (partial-thickness lesion). The repair tissues were analyzed after 12 weeks by histological methods focusing on bone formation and vascularization. The effect of chondrocyt...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Effect of Physical Activity on Calcium Homeostasis and Calciotropic Hormones: A ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the acute and long-term effects of exercise on both calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormones in various populations. It clearly shows that exercise modifies calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormone levels and that the variations in response are modulated by parameters related to exercise, including duration and intensity, as well as by individual characteristics such as age, sex, and training status. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9277-zAuthors Laurent Maïmoun, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier UM1 Service d’Hormonologie 191 aven...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Comparison of Site-Specific Bone Mass Indices in South African Children of Different Ethnic GroupsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study suggests that, in addition to differences in BMC, differences in bone strength and geometry are present which might confer advantages to the bone of mixed-ancestry children. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9286-yAuthors L. K. Micklesfield, University of Witwatersrand MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics Parktown 2193 Johannesburg South AfricaS. A. Norris, University of Witwatersrand MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics Parktown 2193 Johannesburg South AfricaL. van der Merwe, Biostatistics Unit, MRC Cape Town South Afric...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Association of IL-15 Polymorphisms with Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean WomenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effect of IL-15 gene polymorphisms on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture rates of postmenopausal women. Sequencing of the IL-15 gene in 24 Koreans revealed 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which five were selected for further study. Postmenopausal Korean women (n = 844) were genotyped for these SNPs, and their BMDs and risk of fractures were assessed. It was found that the +20A > G, +13467C > A, +13653A > T, and +13815A > T IL-15 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar s...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 16, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Combination of Nanoindentation and Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging Revealed Altered Bone Material Properties Associated with Femoral Neck FragilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, it appears that the observed femoral neck fragility is associated with a reduced mineral content, which was not accompanied by a reduction in stiffness and hardness of the bone material. This pilot study suggests that a stiffening process in the organic matrix component contributes to bone fragility independently of mineral content. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9289-8Authors N. Fratzl-Zelman, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology 4th Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital 1140 Vienna AustriaP. Roschger, Hanusch Hospital of ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 16, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

The Effect of Recombinant PTH(1–34) and PTH(1–84) on Serum Ionized Calcium, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, and Urinary Calcium Excretion: A Pilot StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We investigated the frequency of hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria following parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1–34 and 1–84 administration in a crossover trial. Ten postmenopausal osteoporotic women previously treated with bisphosphonates were subdivided into two groups of five patients each. A 24-h urine collection to determine baseline calcium (Ca) and creatinine (Cr) the day before administration of PTH was followed by determination of serum ionized Ca (Ca2+), Cr, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D at baseline. Thereafter, 100 mcg of PTH(1–84) or 20 mcg of PTH(1–34) was administered. A 24-h urinary collec...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 16, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Chondrocyte p21WAF1/CIP1 Expression Is Increased by Dexamethasone but Does Not Contribute to Dexamethasone-Induced Growth Retardation In VivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, p21 mRNA and protein expression was increased during chondrocyte differentiation and after exposure to dexamethasone (Dex, 10−6 M) in murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. In 4-week-old mice lacking a functional p21 gene, Dex caused a reduction in body weight compared to saline control null mice, but this was consistent with the reduction in body weight observed in Dex-treated wild-type littermates. In addition, p21 ablation had no effect on the reduction in width of the growth plate or reduced mineral apposition rate in Dex-treated mice. However, an alteration in growth rate and epiphyseal structure i...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - September 3, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Characterization of Dystrophic Calcification Induced in Mice by CardiotoxinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Dystrophic calcifications often occur after injury, infection, or onset of certain rheumatic diseases. Treatment has been limited to surgical removal following failure of medical therapy. In an attempt to establish a reproducible animal model for dystrophic calcification that permitted the screening of potential interventions, we evaluated cardiotoxin (injury)-induced calcifications in three murine strains at both the cellular and ultrastructural levels. All osteopontin null mice and tumor necrosis factor receptor null mice on a C57B6 background had calcifications at days 3 and 7 after injury c...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - August 19, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Rac1 and Rac2 in Osteoclastogenesis: A Cell Immortalization ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cell lines generated from primary cells with a particular gene deletion are useful for examining the function of the specific deleted genes and provide the opportunity to genetically rescue the lost genes using standard gene transfection techniques. In the present study, bone marrow monocytes from wild-type (WT), Rac1 null, and Rac2 null mice were primed with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand to generate preosteoclasts. This was followed by transduction of a retrovirus containing simian virus 40 large T-antigen and a neomycin-resistant cassette. Sev...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - August 3, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Physical Exercise Improves Properties of Bone and Its Collagen Network in Growing and Maturing MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study characterized bone structure, composition, and mechanical properties in growing male mice. The development of the collagen network during maturation was monitored, and the effect of voluntary physical exercise was investigated. We hypothesized that increased bone loading from exercise would increase the amount and improve the properties of the collagen network during growth and maturation. Half of the mice (total n = 168) had access to running wheels, while half were kept sedentary. Weight and running activity were recorded, and groups of mice were killed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The c...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 30, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Serum Osteocalcin/Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio Is a Predictor for the Presence of Vertebral Fractures in Men with Type 2 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether or not BMD or bone markers were useful for assessing the risk of vertebral fractures in 248 Japanese men with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed the relationships between bone markers (osteocalcin [OC], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP], urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen) or BMD and HbA1c, urinary C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, and the presence of prevalent vertebral fractures. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, body height, weight, duration of diabetes, and serum creatinine showed that serum OC and ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 30, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Abstracts Presented at the Bone Research Society Meeting, Jointly with the British Society for Matrix BiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9266-2 Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Which Women Should Be Selected for Vertebral Fracture Assessment? Comparing Different Methods of Targeting VFAEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a potential screening tool for vertebral fractures, but it is uncertain how to optimize the selection of women for VFA. We investigate the use of a probability score (VFscore) to select women for VFA screening and compare this to other means of targeting VFA. We identified 1,572 treatment-naive women over age 65 who had undergone routine VFA screening. Risk factors for fracture on VFA were identified using multivariate logistic regression, and a VFscore was created. Different thresholds of VFscore were examined and compared to using BMD as a means of targeting ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Does Exercise Modify the Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Mass, Microarchitecture, Biomechanics, and Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Regular activity has effects on bone size, shape, and density, resulting in an increase in mechanical strength. The mechanism of action that underlies this improvement in bone strength is mainly linked to an increase in bone formation. Zoledronic acid (Z), in contrast, may prevent bone strength changes in ovariectomized (OVX) rodents by its potent antiresorptive effects. Based on these assumptions we hypothesized that combined effects of exercise (E) and Z may produce higher benefits on bone changes resulting from estrogen deficiency than either intervention alone. At 6 months of age, 60 female...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Survey of the Enthesopathy of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia and Its Characterization in Hyp MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by rickets and osteomalacia as a result of an inactivating mutation of the PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homology to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) gene. PHEX encodes an endopeptidase that, when inactivated, results in elevated circulating levels of FGF-23, a novel phosphate-regulating hormone (a phosphatonin), thereby resulting in increased phosphate excretion and impaired bone mineralization. A generalized and severe mineralizing enthesopathy in patients with XLH was first reported in 1985; we likewise report a survey in which we found e...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Accuracy of Different Reduced Versions of a Validated Food-Frequency Questionnaire in Italian Men and WomenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our study suggests that the shortest version of the FFQ could be usefully employed only in those clinical settings where the main objective is the identification of individuals who do not have a low calcium intake. ROC analysis and posttest probability calculated by positive likelihood ratio may represent an optimal method for assessing the accuracy of FFQs. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9264-4Authors S. Gonnelli, University of Siena Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Science and Biochemistry Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 2 53100 Siena ItalyS. Rossi, Unive...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - July 14, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Bone Turnover in Bone Biopsies of Patients with Low-Energy Cortical Fractures Receiving Bisphosphonates: A Case SeriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Recent reports of long-term bisphosphonate-treated patients developing cortical fractures have raised concerns that such fractures may relate to excessive suppression of bone turnover after prolonged use of these drugs. To evaluate the bone histology of patients presenting with cortical fractures after bisphosphonate therapy, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated at Washington University Bone Health Program presenting with a history of low-energy cortical fractures (femoral shaft, pelvis, rib, metatarsal, and ankle), who had received bisphosphonates for at least two consecutive y...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - June 23, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Carotid Plaque Echogenicity and Risk of Nonvertebral Fractures in Women: A Longitudinal Population-Based StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9267-1Authors L. Jørgensen, University of Tromsø Institute of Community Medicine Breivika 9037 Tromso NorwayO. Joakimsen, University of Tromsø Institute of Community Medicine Breivika 9037 Tromso NorwayE. B. Mathiesen, University Hospital of North Norway Breivika Tromso NorwayL. Ahmed, University of Tromsø Institute of Community Medicine Breivika 9037 Tromso NorwayG. K. R. Berntsen, University Hospital of North Norway Breivika Tromso NorwayV. Fønnebø, University of Tromsø Institute of Community Medicine Breivika 9037 Tromso NorwayR. Joakimsen, Un...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - June 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Geometry of a Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Bone in the Legs of Young, Old, and Very Old MenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Bone geometry is an important determinant of bone strength and is influenced by muscle pull and weight-bearing. Muscle mass and exposure to weight-bearing decrease with age and thus the purpose of the study was to compare bone geometry of the weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (fibula) bones of the leg in different age groups. Magnetic resonance images of the right leg were acquired in 13 young (26 yr), 13 old (66 yr), and 13 very old men (83 yr). Cortical, medullary and total cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the bones were measured at approximately one-third and two-thirds t...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - June 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Associated with Impaired Fracture Healing in MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the homocystine-supplemented diet leads to severe HHCY, which is associated with an impaired biomechanical quality of the healing bone. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9262-6Authors L. Claes, University of Ulm Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics Helmholtzstraße 14 89081 Ulm GermanyJ. Schmalenbach, University of Saarland Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery Homburg/Saar GermanyM. Herrmann, University of Saarland Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Homburg/Saar GermanyI. Ölkü, University of Ulm Institute of Orthopedic Research and...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - June 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals

Variation in Fracture Rates by Country May Not Be Explained by Differences in Bone MassEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, a low BMD may not be the key factor explaining Sweden’s comparatively high fracture incidence. In our cross-sectional data, age trends in BMD at the femoral neck differ between men and women. It would be highly interesting to further study the underlying causes of the global variations in fracture incidence rates. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-009-9265-3Authors Fredrik Eklund, Umeå University Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine Umeå SwedenAnna Nordström, Umeå University Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine Umeå Sweden...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - June 17, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Calcified Tissue International Source Type: journals