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Étude de quelques déterminants de l’anxiété face au passage à la retraite.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents 2 studies aimed at exploring some retirement anxiety predictors including the Big-five personality traits, anxiety, depression, sense of coherence, social support, subjective health, dyadic adjustment, specification and construction of personal goals, subjective age, masculinity, femininity, time of retirement. Participants (N = 175 and N = 134) were older workers and nearing retirement. Regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the main predictors were: age, sense of coherence, anxiety, neuroticism, conscientiousness, specification and construction of personal goals, masculinity, time of ret...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gana, Kamel; Blaison, Christophe; Boudjemadi, Valérian; Mezred, Djamila; K’Delant, Pascaline; Trouillet, Raphaël; Lourel, Marcel; Fort, Isabelle Source Type: journals

Validation d’une version française de l’échelle d’évaluation cognitive primaire de Brewer et Skinner.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this scale appears to be an adequate and useful instrument for the study of cognitive appraisal processes. In this early stage of development, it exhibits satisfying psychometric properties, which could be easily enhanced by the withdrawal of 2 items. Moreover, a confirmatory analysis shows that the French version of the scale has a better compatibility with an integrative version of the transactionnalist stress model initially developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) than with a more classical one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Berjot, Sophie; Girault-Lidvan, Noëlle Source Type: journals

Validation of French-Canadian versions of the Empathy Quotient and Autism Spectrum Quotient.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The primary objective of this study was to validate French-Canadian versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-F) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-F) in normal and pathological samples. These versions of the scales were administered to 100 undergraduate university students in the hard science or humanities fields and to 23 individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For both scales, obtained data were partially consistent with English versions. The EQ-F and AQ-F scores were negatively correlated, and the ASD group differed significantly from both control groups, scoring lower on the EQ-F and higher on the AQ-F...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lepage, Jean-François; Lortie, Mélissa; Taschereau-Dumouchel, Vincent; Théoret, Hugo Source Type: journals

Étude de quelques déterminants de l’anxiété face au passage à la retraite. / Study of some determinants of the anxiety with regard to the passage to retirement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents 2 studies aimed at exploring some retirement anxiety predictors including the Big-five personality traits, anxiety, depression, sense of coherence, social support, subjective health, dyadic adjustment, specification and construction of personal goals, subjective age, masculinity, femininity, time of retirement. Participants (N = 175 and N = 134) were older workers and nearing retirement. Regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the main predictors were: age, sense of coherence, anxiety, neuroticism, conscientiousness, specification and construction of personal goals, masculinity, time of ret...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gana, Kamel; Blaison, Christophe; Boudjemadi, Valérian; Mezred, Djamila; K’Delant, Pascaline; Trouillet, Raphaël; Lourel, Marcel; Fort, Isabelle Source Type: journals

Validation d’une version française de l’échelle d’évaluation cognitive primaire de Brewer et Skinner. / Validation of a French version of the Cognitive Appraisal Scale (Trait) by Brewer and Skinner.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this scale appears to be an adequate and useful instrument for the study of cognitive appraisal processes. In this early stage of development, it exhibits satisfying psychometric properties, which could be easily enhanced by the withdrawal of 2 items. Moreover, a confirmatory analysis shows that the French version of the scale has a better compatibility with an integrative version of the transactionnalist stress model initially developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) than with a more classical one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Berjot, Sophie; Girault-Lidvan, Noëlle Source Type: journals

Personality, child maltreatment, and substance use: Examining correlates of deliberate self-harm among university students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite recent interest in deliberate self-harm (DSH), the majority of DSH studies have been limited to clinical samples and have identified psychological or clinical correlates and neglected general personality factors. The present study examined personality traits, child maltreatment, and substance use as correlates of DSH in a sample of 319 (65.2% women) university students. A related goal was to describe the nature of DSH in university students. Overall, 29.4% of students reported that they had engaged in at least 1 act of DSH, and rates of DSH were similar across men and women. Cutting was the most frequently endorsed...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Goldstein, Abby L.; Flett, Gordon L.; Wekerle, Christine; Wall, Anne-Marie Source Type: journals

"Adaptation et validation en langue française d’une échelle de bien-être spirituel": Correction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reports an error in "Adaptation et validation en langue française d’une échelle de bien-être spirituel" by Lucy Velasco and Liliane Rioux (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 2009[Apr], Vol 41[2], 102-108). The DOI printed in the article was incorrect. The correct DOI should be as follows: DOI: 10.1037/a0012555. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-05252-001.) Spiritual well-being is a dimension of subjective well-being which has enjoyed renewed interest for about 10 years. As far as the authors know, there is no scale in French to a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Velasco, Lucy; Rioux, Liliane Source Type: journals

Rating formats and rater training redux: A context-specific approach for enhancing the effectiveness of performance management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper, we critically examine previous research on rating formats and rater training in the context of performance appraisal. Historically, the goal of this body of research has been to search for ways of maximizing the psychometric quality of performance evaluation data. Our central thesis is that there are a number of avenues for broadening this research. Accordingly, we propose a conceptual model that hopefully serves as a conceptual framework for future work in these 2 traditional performance appraisal research streams. For example, both rating formats and rater training research may be useful for facilitating a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: MacDonald, Heather A.; Sulsky, Lorne M. Source Type: journals

Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the present research was twofold. First, the applicability of the WEIMS in different work environments was evaluated. Second, its factorial structure and psychometric properties were assessed. Two samples of workers (military: N = 465; civilians: N = 192) voluntarily completed questionnaires. Using the WEIMS’s 3 indexes (work self-determination index, work self-determined and nonself-determined motivation, respectively), results of regre...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tremblay, Maxime A.; Blanchard, Céline M.; Taylor, Sara; Pelletier, Luc G.; Villeneuve, Martin Source Type: journals

Use of implicit measures for organizational research: An empirical example.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An increasing amount of attention is being paid by social and cognitive psychologists to implicit processing, which has ubiquitous effects on attitudes and behaviours. Unfortunately, organizational scholars have tended to focus almost exclusively on explicit processing, which limits understanding of how employees function at work if implicit processing does indeed play a role. In this article, the authors argue that implicit processing is likely prevalent in organizational settings and discuss ways that it can be measured. The authors then present the results of an experiment that suggests that organizational justice—an ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johnson, Russell E.; Steinman, Lilunia Source Type: journals

The role of mindfulness in predicting individual performance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mindfulness refers to an individual difference variable regarding the degree to which a person is in the present moment (K. W. Brown & R. M. Ryan, 2003). Despite a growing interest in the benefits of mindfulness in health and clinical outcomes, little research has explored whether mindfulness relates to individual performance. The authors examined whether mindfulness was related to performance among a group of MBA students (N = 149). The results show that mindfulness interacted with gender to predict performance. Specifically, the positive association between mindfulness and performance was stronger for women than for men....
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Shao, Ruodan; Skarlicki, Daniel P. Source Type: journals

New directions in industrial-organizational psychology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article introduces our motivation for producing a special section on new areas of research for I-O psychology. We briefly review presentations that sparked conversations around how I-O psychology could be applied to new contexts or related disciplines. We then introduce the articles that appear in this special section. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Budworth, Marie-Hélène; Latham, Gary P. Source Type: journals

Fidélité, validité discriminante et prédictive de l’indice de prédiction du décrochage. / Fidelity, discriminant and predictive validity of the Dropout Prediction Index.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
School dropout is a major issue reaching a high proportion of youth; still, it is more prevalent for boys having low socioeconomic status (SES). Predictors of this outcome (social, familial, school) have been well documented in scientific literature. However, the number of effective tools developed to screen at-risk students is less important. The aim of this study is to establish the reliability and validity of the Dropout Prediction Index (DPI), a screening indicator precisely built to target potential dropouts. The psychometrics characteristics of this index were evaluated using a 3-year longitudinal sample of 35,068 st...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - September 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Archambault, Isabelle; Janosz, Michel Source Type: journals

Le devoir de mémoire: Le lien entre la mémoire collective et l’identité sociale chez des Franco-Ontariens. / The duty to remember: The bond between the collective memory and the social identity of Franco-Ontarians.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined, in the case of members of a minority group whose history is well-documented, Franco Ontarians, the systematic relationship between the 3 identified components (cognitive, evaluative, and affective) of collective memory (self-generated or preselected) and those empirically validated of social identity. Results of our study conducted amongst 211 Franco Ontarians, aged 40 years and above, support our hypothesis in showing that the 3 components of collective memory are linked to the 3 corresponding components of social identity. Findings thusly show that social identity is deeply rooted in the past. More precisely...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - September 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bellehumeur, Christian R.; Tougas, Francine; Laplante, Joëlle Source Type: journals

Illusion d’incompétence, attitudes dysfonctionnelles et distorsions cognitives chez des élèves du primaire. / Illusion of incompetence, dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive distortions of primary education pupils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first objective of this study is to determine whether the illusion of incompetence schema is related to the presence of other dysfunctional schemas, such as dysfunctional attitudes related to success, to dependence on others and to self-control. The second objective is to examine whether these schemas are related to the occurrence of cognitive errors. Some 577 students of primary school grades five and six took part in the study. It appears the illusion of incompetence is linked more to dysfunctional attitudes related to success and less to those related to self-control. The canonical correlations for examining the sec...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - September 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vaillancourt, Marie-Ève; Bouffard, Thérèse Source Type: journals

Construction d’une échelle de prise de risques et validation auprès d’adolescents pratiquant un sport alpin de glisse. / Construction of a scale of taking risk and validation near teenagers practitioner an alpine ski sports.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of an self-report inventory designed to tackle risk-taking behaviors in snowboarding and alpine skiing in adolescents. Data from a sample of 684 teenage snowboarders and alpine skiers were collected in 2 high schools located close to ski stations in the Province of Quebec, Canada. A maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution: (1) Recklessness, (2) Safety behaviours, and (3) Substance use while snowboarding or skiing. Internal consistency of the scales is generally satisfactory. The weak-to-moderate correlations among the scales sugges...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - September 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Paquette, Linda; Lacourse, Éric; Bergeron, Jacques Source Type: journals

Fidélité, validité discriminante et prédictive de l’indice de prédiction du décrochage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
School dropout is a major issue reaching a high proportion of youth; still, it is more prevalent for boys having low socioeconomic status (SES). Predictors of this outcome (social, familial, school) have been well documented in scientific literature. However, the number of effective tools developed to screen at-risk students is less important. The aim of this study is to establish the reliability and validity of the Dropout Prediction Index (DPI), a screening indicator precisely built to target potential dropouts. The psychometrics characteristics of this index were evaluated using a 3-year longitudinal sample of 35,068 st...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Archambault, Isabelle; Janosz, Michel Source Type: journals

Retrospective analysis of social factors and nonsuicidal self-injury among young adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Retrospective reports of social influences in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) with regard to initiation, disclosure, methods, and motivations for engaging in the behaviour were examined in 23 (2 male, 21 female) self-injuring university students. Parent and peer social support was compared between the NSSI group and a comparison group that did not engage in NSSI. Lifetime frequency of NSSI and social support were evaluated. NSSI behaviours were found to be highly socially influenced in several ways, with 65% reporting that they talk to their friends about self-injury, 58.8% indicating that a friend had been the first to eng...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heath, Nancy L.; Ross, Shana; Toste, Jessica R.; Nedecheva, Tatiana; Charlebois, Alison Source Type: journals

Le devoir de mémoire: Le lien entre la mémoire collective et l’identité sociale chez des Franco-Ontariens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined, in the case of members of a minority group whose history is well-documented, Franco Ontarians, the systematic relationship between the 3 identified components (cognitive, evaluative, and affective) of collective memory (self-generated or preselected) and those empirically validated of social identity. Results of our study conducted amongst 211 Franco Ontarians, aged 40 years and above, support our hypothesis in showing that the 3 components of collective memory are linked to the 3 corresponding components of social identity. Findings thusly show that social identity is deeply rooted in the past. More precisely...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bellehumeur, Christian R.; Tougas, Francine; Laplante, Joëlle Source Type: journals

Females’ quality of relationships in adolescence and friendship support in adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thirty-one couples and their daughters participated in a study of the contribution of family and friendship relationships in adolescence, and of daughter/friend communication in adulthood to the adult daughters’ perception of friendship support in adulthood. Questionnaires and direct observation of communication skills were used to evaluate marital quality, parental quality, and friendship quality at Time 1 (T1). At Time 2 (T2), 7 years later, daughters and their best friends completed questionnaires and videotaped social support interactions. A hierarchical regression model was used to predict daughters’ perception of...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Baril, Hélène; Julien, Danielle; Chartrand, Élise; Dubé, Monique Source Type: journals

Illusion d’incompétence, attitudes dysfonctionnelles et distorsions cognitives chez des élèves du primaire.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first objective of this study is to determine whether the illusion of incompetence schema is related to the presence of other dysfunctional schemas, such as dysfunctional attitudes related to success, to dependence on others and to self-control. The second objective is to examine whether these schemas are related to the occurrence of cognitive errors. Some 577 students of primary school grades five and six took part in the study. It appears the illusion of incompetence is linked more to dysfunctional attitudes related to success and less to those related to self-control. The canonical correlations for examining the sec...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vaillancourt, Marie-Ève; Bouffard, Thérèse Source Type: journals

Ethnic and age differences in eating disorder symptomatology among Albertan women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ethnic and age differences in body mass index (BMI), body shame, and eating disorder symptomatology were investigated in a representative, nonclinical sample (N = 601) of women from the Province of Alberta. Women reported ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Aboriginal, Asian), age, height, and weight (used to calculate BMI), and items measuring body shame and eating disorder symptomatology. Strong ethnic differences were observed. Aboriginal women reported significantly higher BMI than Hispanic and Asian women. Hispanic women reported higher body shame than White women. Hispanic women also reported more bulimic behaviour than Whit...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Boisvert, Jennifer A.; Harrell, W. Andrew Source Type: journals

Construction d’une échelle de prise de risques et validation auprès d’adolescents pratiquant un sport alpin de glisse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of an self-report inventory designed to tackle risk-taking behaviors in snowboarding and alpine skiing in adolescents. Data from a sample of 684 teenage snowboarders and alpine skiers were collected in 2 high schools located close to ski stations in the Province of Quebec, Canada. A maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution: (1) Recklessness, (2) Safety behaviours, and (3) Substance use while snowboarding or skiing. Internal consistency of the scales is generally satisfactory. The weak-to-moderate correlations among the scales sugges...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Paquette, Linda; Lacourse, Éric; Bergeron, Jacques Source Type: journals

Conventional and actuarial methods to detect response distortion on the basic personality inventory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Response distortion remains a significant issue in the assessment of psychopathology. Here four groups of psychiatric patients, each of 40 people, were asked to respond honestly or to distort their presentation as either worse, better, or a “normal” pattern of responses to the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI; Jackson, 1989); only those cases showing acceptable consistency in responding (“person reliability”) were analysed. Performance of the conventional cutting points on the BPI validity scales were compared with results from linear discriminant analysis calculated for the patients and from those variables select...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Helmes, Edward Source Type: journals

L’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y): Structure factorielle et biais linguistique.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The factor structure of the French Canadian version of State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y; Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993), was explored. Both a two-factor (state, trait) structure predicted by the theory associated with the original scale and a four-factor structure (state anxiety present, state anxiety absent, trait anxiety present, trait anxiety absent) have been reported in the literature. In the present study, 361 university students (147 male, 198 female; mean age of 21 years) were administered the IASTA-Y along...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vigneau, François; Cormier, Stéphanie Source Type: journals

The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Factor structure and associations with psychopathology in a nationally representative sample.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the factor structure of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI), a measure used to assess severity of gambling behaviour in the general population. It subsequently looked at its associations with past-year psychopathology using a subsample (n = 742) of moderate-to-high-risk problem gamblers within the large, nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2 sample. An exploratory analysis found support for a unifactorial model of the CPGI. Positive associations between problem gambling and various past-year disorders and mental health behaviours were found, with the strongest asso...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brooker, Ivy S.; Clara, Ian P.; Cox, Brian J. Source Type: journals

Adaptation et validation en langue française d’une échelle de bien-être spirituel.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Spiritual well-being is a dimension of subjective well-being which has enjoyed renewed interest for about 10 years. As far as the authors know, there is no scale in French to assess it. Our research work therefore sets out to adapt and validate in French Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Paloutzian and Ellison, published in 1982. To that end, 368 first- and second-year students took part in three studies. Results confirm the three-dimension structure designed by Scott et al. in 1998, justifying its use with the French population. Yet, the change of items in each dimension, which is currently under discussion, could well...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Velasco, Lucy; Rioux, Liliane Source Type: journals

Imagerie mentale et observation vidéo en escalade sportive.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined the effect of imagery and video-modelling on the performance of basic sport climbing movements, and assessed the strategy participants adopted during route training. Thirty-nine novice climbers were randomly allocated to a control, video-modelling, imagery, or video-modelling with imagery group. Climbing performance (output, form, and self-evaluated) and participants’ adopted strategy during route training (more or less functional) were assessed using two similar climbing routes; one known (during the experiment) and another unknown (unseen before post-test). Video-modelling appeared as the most infl...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sanchez, Xavier; Dauby, Nicolas Source Type: journals

Mediated and direct effects of general control beliefs on obsessive compulsive symptoms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article investigated the hypothesis that OCD symptoms may be linked with a higher desire for control (DC), but a lower sense of control (SC) over the self and environment, leading to motivation for compulsive symptoms. It also investigated whether this effect was direct, or mediated through other OCD-related cognitions. This hypothesis was investigated in a nonclinical population, using path analyses controlling for depression. It was found that higher levels of DC and lower levels of SC were associated with higher levels of OCD-related beliefs, and with symptoms via higher OCD-related beliefs. SC was also directly li...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Moulding, Richard; Kyrios, Michael; Doron, Guy; Nedeljkovic, Maja Source Type: journals

Influence du processus de coping de l’enfant d’âge scolaire sur son adaptation à la séparation parentale et aux conflits entre ses parents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also draws attention to the direct impact of conjugal conflicts on the child’s adaptation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carobene, Genevieve; Cyr, Francine; Cyr-Villeneuve, Catherine; Bergeron, Éliane Source Type: journals

Home numeracy experiences and children’s math performance in the early school years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the mathematical skills of 146 children in Kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2 were correlated with the frequency with which parents reported informal activities that have quantitative components such as board and card games, shopping, or cooking. Effect sizes were consistent with research relating home literacy experiences to children’s vocabulary. The present research supports claims about the importance of home experiences in children’s acquisition of mathematics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: LeFevre, Jo-Anne; Skwarchuk, Sheri-Lynn; Smith-Chant, Brenda L.; Fast, Lisa; Kamawar, Deepthi; Bisanz, Jeffrey Source Type: journals

An experimental investigation of consistency in female undergraduates' reports of coping efforts for the same versus different stressful situations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For each of 3 event categories (harm/loss, threat, challenge), with a 6-week test-retest time interval, female undergraduates were randomly assigned to report on coping efforts (problem- vs. emotion-focused coping) for the same stressful event or a different stressful event across the 2 sessions. For problem-focused coping and each category of stressor, test-retest correlations were strongest when subjects reported on coping efforts for the same situation but were still of moderate size and significant for reports of coping with different stressful situations. This difference between conditions was found only for the chall...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jorgensen, Randall S.; Dusek, Jerome B.; Richards, C. Steven; McIntyre, Julie Guay Source Type: journals

Validation de l'échelle d'évaluation des traits antisociaux.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is testing the psychometric properties of the French version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD, Frick & Hare, 2001). Reliability and validity of the scales (impulsivity/conduct problems, callous/unemotional), as well as the total scale are tested on a sample of 306 children (mean age: 9.9 years) receiving special education services because of behaviour problems. Results indicate psychometric properties consistent with the English version (Frick, O'Brien, Wooton & McBurnett, 1994), as well as some differences. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, and validity...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Deshaies, Caroline; Toupin, Jean; Déry, Michèle Source Type: journals

La cohabitation et le mariage, deux mondes à part? Un examen des caractéristiques démographiques, individuelles et relationnelles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cohabitation is well implemented in conjugal lifestyles. Usually, studies comparing marriage and cohabitation draw a mostly negative picture of cohabitants. However, most studies so far examined cohabitant couples at an early stage of their relationship. That is, the results are not necessarily representative of cohabitation as a long-term choice. The present study aims at comparing cohabitant couples and married couples invested in a long-term relationship. A sample composed of 105 couples (72 married couples and 33 cohabitant couples) participated to a longitudinal study conducted on a four-years period. Individually, ea...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lachance-Grzela, Mylène; Bouchard, Geneviève Source Type: journals

Predicting compliance of children with and without developmental delay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noncompliance is a common problem exhibited by children with developmental delay (DD; Walker, 1993). The authors evaluated whether performance on the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) test would predict compliance of children with and without DD to instructions alone (IA) versus instructions with modelling and/or gestures (IMG) administered by their caregivers. The ABLA test uses standard prompting and reinforcement procedures to assess the ease or difficulty with which a testee is able to learn a simple imitation and five two-choice discriminations. Twenty-one children without DD and 16 children with DD were p...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hiebert, Rene; Martin, Garry L.; Yu, C. T.; Thorsteinsson, Jennifer R.; Martin, Toby L. Source Type: journals

Le style parental des beaux-péres dans les familles recomposées.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article examines how the stepfather's parenting style influences the externalised and internalised behaviour problems of young people in stepfamilies. The data were obtained from interviews with 104 adolescents (63.5 % girls; 36.5 % boys) who answered the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), and the Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire(Rohner, 1984). The results show that the majority of young people saw their stepfather as being involved in their upbringing. More than a third of the sample considered that their stepfather was authoritarian, and another t...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Saint-Jacques, Marie-Christine; Lépine, Rachel Source Type: journals

Description et analyse des attitudes et attributions paternelles favorables á la punition corporelle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, few studies have shown a specific interest in parental discipline from the fathers' point of view. The goal of this study is to fill this gap by documenting the factors that are likely to predict attitudes favoring corporal punishment in a representative sampling of Quebec fathers. In total, 953 fathers participated in a telephone survey. Noted among the variables in the analysis model were: father's sensitivity to the consequences of violence for the child, prevalence of physical punishment toward the child, perception of the level of poverty, reports of violent discipline of a physical or psychological nature ex...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Clément, Marie-Éve; Dufour, Sarah; Chamberland, Claire; Dubeau, Diane Source Type: journals

Variations of emotional display rules within and across cultures: A comparison between Canada, USA, and Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates emotional display rules for seven basic emotions. The main goal was to compare emotional display rules of Canadians, US Americans, and Japanese across as well as within cultures regarding the specific emotion, the type of interaction partner, and gender. A total of 835 university students participated in the study. The results indicate that Japanese display rules permit the expression of powerful (anger, contempt, and disgust) significantly less than those of the two North American samples. Japanese also think that they should express positive emotions (happiness, surprise) significantly less than t...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Safdar, Saba; Friedlmeier, Wolfgang; Matsumoto, David; Yoo, Seung Hee; Kwantes, Catherine T.; Kakai, Hisako; Shigemasu, Eri Source Type: journals

Validation de la version canadienne-française du Life Orientation Test-Revised.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The "Life Orientation Test-Revised" (LOT-R) is used to evaluate the personal disposition toward optimism. Since the test is written in English and based on an American population, it cannot be used to conduct research on optimism with the French-Canadian population. Thus, following a translation of the LOT-R into French and a subsequent evaluation of its cross-cultural equivalence, the French-Canadian version of the LOT-R was administered to 204 francophone university students. The internal consistency was .76, a result that is deemed satisfactory and comparable to the internal consistency score of .78 obtained by Scheier ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Trottier, Christiane; Mageau, Geneviève; Trudel, Pierre; Halliwell, Wayne R. Source Type: journals

Développement d'une échelle de satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux en contexte sportif.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the present three studies was to develop and validate a questionnaire designed to measure perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness in the sport context. Deci and Ryan (1985) postulate that the intrinsic motivated behaviour is associated with the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory analyses (Study 2) were conducted amongst French athletes. These studies demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency and confirmed the three-factor structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the construct validity of the sc...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gillet, Nicolas; Rosnet, Elisabeth; Vallerand, Robert J. Source Type: journals

The effects of learning goal difficulty level and cognitive ability on performance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationship between the difficulty level of a learning goal and a person's (N = 146) performance on a task that required the acquisition of knowledge to perform effectively was examined. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the higher the learning goal, the higher the person's performance. Cognitive ability and goal commitment also positively affected performance. The results showed that the person's cognitive ability moderated the learning goal-performance relationship. Contrary to previous research findings on performance goals for tasks that are straightforward for people, the performance of indi...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Latham, Gary P.; Seijts, Gerard; Crim, Dan Source Type: journals

Évaluation du traitement des traits perceptifs des concepts vivants et non vivants lors du vieillissement normal et de la maladie d'Alzheimer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the perceptual functioning of young adults, elderly subjects and patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Generally, the results do not support the distributed model of conceptual representation. However, they do demonstrate that the ability to recognize objects by their distinctiveness is affected by normal and pathological aging. A gradual deterioration in the ability to correctly perceive animate objects was also observed as pathological aging progressed. These results, as well as our methods of assessing semantic memory, are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications. (PsycINFO D...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Duarte, Liliana Rico; Martin, Sophie; Brouillet, Denis Source Type: journals

Engagement envers le supérieur et l'organisation, et rétention des employés: Le rôle modérateur de l'identité organisationnelle perçue du supérieur.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined the relationships of commitments to organisations and supervisors with turnover intentions and turnover, as a function of supervisors' perceived organisational identity. In Study 1, the authors show that commitment to supervisors is associated with reduced turnover intentions only when employees perceive their supervisors to possess strong organisational identity, whilst organisational commitment is associated with lower turnover intentions irrespective of the strength of supervisors' perceived organisational identity. In Study 2, the authors demonstrate that when employees perceive their supervisors t...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vandenberghe, Christian Source Type: journals

Academic motivation in university: The role of basic psychological needs and identity formation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was an investigation of the relationship between psychological need fulfillment, psychosocial development, and academic motivation in university students. Two models were tested. The 1st model, derived from developmental theories, proposed that basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness would predict identity and intimacy achievement, which would, in turn, predict academic intrinsic motivation. A 2nd model, based on self-determination theory, proposed that identity and intimacy would predict academic motivation and that this relationship would be mediated by basic psychological needs. Res...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Faye, Cathy; Sharpe, Donald Source Type: journals

Entrapment and perceived status in graduate students experiencing a recurrence of major depression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study used a prospective design to test the role of involuntary subordination as a predictor of major depression. Involuntary subordination is a construct derived from social rank theory and has been implicated as a cause of major depression. Its most salient features include feelings of entrapment and unfavourable social comparisons (i.e., low perceived status). An initial sample of 146 graduate students underwent a diagnostic interview to confirm a history of major depression and also completed measures of entrapment and social comparison. After 16 months, participants were assessed for a recurrence of major ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sturman, Edward D.; Mongrain, Myriam Source Type: journals

Qualités psychométriques du questionnaire d'évaluation du mode explicatif des enfants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the French culture, the absence of a valid measure of children's explanatory style has limited the testing of this phenomenon nationally. Explanatory style is defined as a general tendency to make consistent causal attributions across multiple contexts (Peterson & Seligman, 1984). The aim of researches presented here is to valid a French version of the Children's Attribution Style Questionnaire (CASQ), named: Questionnaire d'Evaluation du mode explicatif des enfants or QEMEE. For that, authors conducted studies according to the cross-cultural validation methodology defined by Vallerand (1989). Thus, a considerable child...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Salama-Younes, Mareï; Martin-Krumm, Charles; Le Foll, David; Roncin, Charles Source Type: journals

Is the face a window to the soul? Investigation of the accuracy of intuitive judgments of the trustworthiness of human faces.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the accuracy of trustworthiness judgments of the faces of 2 groups differing in trustworthiness (Nobel Peace Prize recipients/humanitarians vs. America's Most Wanted criminals). Participants viewed 34 faces each for 100 ms or 30 s and rated their trustworthiness. Subsequently, participants were informed about the nature of the 2 groups and estimated group membership for each face. Judgments formed with extremely brief exposure were similar in accuracy and confidence to those formed after a long exposure. However, initial judgments of untrustworthy (criminals') faces were less accurate (M=48.8%) than were those ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Porter, Stephen; England, Laura; Juodis, Marcus; ten Brinke, Leanne; Wilson, Kevin Source Type: journals

Les corrélats des attributions de causalité et de responsabilité des couples qui consultent en thérapie conjugale.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This exploratory study aimed to identify the clinical correlates of partner's attributions in 165 couples beginning couple therapy. Results revealed that marital satisfaction, the interpersonal problem of dominance, and psychological distress were significatively linked to men's attributions. Marital satisfaction, the interpersonal problem of the tendency to self-sacrifice, and women's age were significatively associated with women's attributions. At a dyadic level, only men's marital satisfaction was linked to women's causality attributions. The importance of studying both dyadic and individual correlates of attributions ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tremblay, Nadine; Wright, John; Mamodhoussen, Salima; McDuff, Pierre; Côté, Gérald Source Type: journals

Come out and play: Shyness in childhood and the benefits of organized sports participation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of organised sport participation as a moderator of the links between shyness and psychosocial maladjustment in childhood. Participants at Time 1 were 355 elementary schoolchildren (M-sub(age)=10.1 years, SD=0.6); at Time 2, 1 year later, 201 children (56%) were retained. At both time points, children completed self-report assessments of their shyness and aggression, sport participation, and psychosocial adjustment. Parents also rated children's social skills. Overall, results indicated that sport participation was positively related to indices of positive adjustment ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Findlay, Leanne C.; Coplan, Robert J. Source Type: journals

Les conversations mère-enfant et l'attachement des enfants à la période préscolaire.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines whether mother-child conversation patterns are associated with child attachment classifications at preschool age (N=80). Results revealed that a child's discourse style is similar to that of her or his mother. In comparison with mothers of insecure ambivalent or disorganized children, mothers of secure children made more frequent verbal statements that elaborated emotional content. Mothers of avoidant children were more inclined to minimize emotional content than mothers of secure children. In comparison with other mothers, those with a disorganized child were sharing more frightening and hostile conten...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 15, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cyr, Chantal; Dubois-Comtois, Karine; Moss, Ellen Source Type: journals