Mutational activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor down ‐regulates major histocompatibility complex class I expression via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase in non–small cell lung cancer
Mutational activation of EGFR inhibits MHC ‐I expression through the MEK‐ERK pathway in NSCLC and thereby may contribute to the poor response of such tumors to immunotherapy. The efficacy of programmed cell death –1 (PD‐1) blockade in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations has been found to be limited, but the underlying mechanisms for this poor response have remained obscure. Given that the recognition by T cells of tumor an tigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) molecules is essential for an antitumor i...
Source: Cancer Science - November 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Satomi Watanabe, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Koji Haratani, Shigeki Shimizu, Junko Tanizaki, Kazuko Sakai, Hisato Kawakami, Kimio Yonesaka, Junji Tsurutani, Yosuke Togashi, Kazuto Nishio, Akihiko Ito, Kazuhiko Nakagawa Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

All ‐trans retinoic acid reverses epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel‐resistant cells by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and upregulating gap junctions
In this study, the ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in paclitaxel ‐resistant cells was investigated. In vivo and in vitro results showed that ATRA may reverse the EMT by inhibiting NF‐κΒ and upregulating gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but development of resistance leads to treatment failure. Tumor cells that are treated with a sublethal dose of paclitaxel for a long period of time show the epithelial ‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which leads to metastasis and resistance. All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is always used in combination with pacl...
Source: Cancer Science - November 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guiling Shi, Xiaoli Zheng, Xiaojing Wu, Siqi Wang, Yijia Wang, Fei Xing Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Proposed revision of N categories to the 8th edition AJCC ‐TNM staging system for non‐surgical esophageal squamous cell cancer
This study aimed to propose a revisi on to the N categories of the 8th edition AJCC‐TNM staging system that is easier to perform and better represents the prognosis of non‐surgical esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We retrospectively reviewed the data of 336 patients with ESCC. The revised N categories were based on the anato mic regions of LN metastasis (cervix, thorax, and abdomen). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Survival differences were adequately discriminated when the ...
Source: Cancer Science - November 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kai Hu, Ning Kang, Yang Liu, Dong Guo, Wang Jing, Jiamei Lu, Tianmeng Tan, Caitiao Lv, Yuyan Deng, Jianxiong Long, Rensheng Wang, Jinming Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Clinical Outcomes of Carbon ‐Ion Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kazuhiko Hayashi, Naoyoshi Yamamoto, Mio Nakajima, Akihiro Nomoto, Hiroshi Tsuji, Kazuhiko Ogawa, Tadashi Kamada Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The role of inhibitor of YAP1 in triple negative breast cancer with taxol ‐based chemoresistance
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ying Li, Shunan Wang, Xi Wei, Sheng Zhang, Zian Song, Xiao Chen, Jin Zhang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Persistent restoration to the immunosupportive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma by bevacizumab
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ryota Tamura, Toshihide Tanaka, Kentaro Ohara, Keisuke Miyake, Yukina Morimoto, Yohei Yamamoto, Ryuichi Kanai, Yasuharu Akasaki, Yuichi Murayama, Takashi Tamiya, Kazunari Yoshida, Hikaru Sasaki Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Increased NAD(H) pool promotes colon cancer progression by suppressing ROS level
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sun Mi Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Taejun Wang, Chang Wook Park, Yeon ‐Mi Ryu, Jin‐Hak Jung, Ji Hye Shin, Sang‐Yeob Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Gyesoon Yoon, Ki Hean Kim, Seung‐Jae Myung, Kwan Yong Choi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

2 ′‐Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inactivation and reactive oxygen species generation
In this study, we found that HCA inhibited constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation in STAT3 ‐activated DU145 prostate cancer cells. HCA selectively inhibited the STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3, which was confirmed by biochemical methods, including a pull‐down assay with biotin‐conjugated HCA, a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) experiment and a cellular the rmal shift assay (CETSA). HCA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at the tyrosine 705 residue, dimer formation, and nuclear translocation in DU145 cells, which led to a downregulation of STAT3 target genes. The downregulation of cell cyc...
Source: Cancer Science - November 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yae Jin Yoon, Young ‐Hwan Kim, Yu‐Jin Lee, Jiyeon Choi, Cheol‐Hee Kim, Dong Cho Han, Byoung‐Mog Kwon Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

CD47 agonist peptide pkhb1 induces immunogenic cell death in T ‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ashanti Concepci ón Uscanga‐Palomeque, Kenny Misael Calvillo‐Rodríguez, Luis Gómez‐Morales, Eva Lardé, Thomas Denèfle, Diana Caballero‐Hernández, Hélène Merle‐Béral, Santos A. Susin, Philippe Karoyan, Ana Carolina Martínez‐T Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Genetic evidence implies that primary and relapsed tumors arise from common precursor cells in primary central nervous system lymphoma
It was suggested that primary intra ‐central nervous system (CNS) tumors and relapsed extra‐CNS tumors are derived from common precursor cells with MYD88 mutations in most primary CNS lymphomas. The initiating MYD88 mutations may occur during B‐cell differentiation in BM. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma that arises within the brain or the eyes. PCNSL recurs within the central nervous system (CNS) in most relapsed cases, whereas extra ‐CNS relapse is experienced in rare cases. The present study aimed at identifying the presence of common precursor cells (CPC) for primary...
Source: Cancer Science - November 18, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Keiichiro Hattori, Mamiko Sakata ‐Yanagimoto, Manabu Kusakabe, Toru Nanmoku, Yasuhito Suehara, Ryota Matsuoka, Masayuki Noguchi, Yasuhisa Yokoyama, Takayasu Kato, Naoki Kurita, Hidekazu Nishikii, Naoshi Obara, Shingo Takano, Eiichi Ishikawa Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Identification of genes involved in the regulation of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in hepatocellular carcinoma
In conclusion, we identified C15orf55 and C7orf43 as positive regulators ofTERT expression in HCC tissues. These genes are promising targets for HCC treatment.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 17, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Masataka Amisaki, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Tomohiko Sakabe, Yoshiyuki Fujiwara, Goshi Shiota Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The impact of UGT1A1 genetic polymorphism on toxicity in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients undergoing FOLFIRINOX
In conclusion, patients with heterozygous UGT1A1 polymorphisms treated with the original FOLFIRINOX regimen experienced severe toxicity more frequently than patients with wild type UGT1A1.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - November 17, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hiromichi Shirasu, Akiko Todaka, Katsuhiro Omae, Hirofumi Fujii, Nobumasa Mizuno, Masato Ozaka, Hideki Ueno, Satoshi Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Uesugi, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Hideyuki Hayashi, Kentaro Sudo, Naohiro Okano, Yosuke Horita, Keiko Kamei, Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ‐mediated reactivation of ERK signaling promotes head and neck squamous cancer cell insensitivity to MEK inhibition
In this study, we investigated the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of the MEK inhibitor, selumetinib, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. The FGFR3 inhibitor PD173074 prevented MAPK rebound and sensitized the response of HNSCC cells to selumetinib. Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been a longstanding challenge for head and neck oncologists, and current treatments still have limited efficacy. ERK is aberrantly overexpressed and activated in HNSCC. Herein, we aimed to investigate the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of selumetinib, a selective inhibitor of M...
Source: Cancer Science - November 16, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Myung Jin Ban, Hyung Kwon Byeon, Yeon Ju Yang, Sojung An, Jae Wook Kim, Ji ‐Hoon Kim, Da Hee Kim, Jaemoon Yang, Hyunjung Kee, Yoon Woo Koh Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Dual inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 overactivates WNT signaling to deplete cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma
Long ‐term continuous administration of OR‐S1 completely cured all mice bearing orthotopic xenografts without eliciting any serious side‐effects. We confirmed this result by counting minimal residual cells by flow cytometric analysis. These results suggest that long‐term continuous administration of OR‐S1 impairs the self‐renewal activity of myeloma stem cells, rendering these cells unable to reconstitute disease and leading to the complete cure of MM. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy caused by accumulation of abnormal clonal plasma cells. Despite the recent development of novel th...
Source: Cancer Science - November 16, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Makoto Nakagawa, Shuhei Fujita, Takuo Katsumoto, Kazutsune Yamagata, Yoko Ogawara, Ayuna Hattori, Yuki Kagiyama, Daisuke Honma, Kazushi Araki, Tatsuya Inoue, Ayako Kato, Koichiro Inaki, Chisa Wada, Yoshimasa Ono, Masahide Yamamoto, Osamu Mi Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Immunomodulatory activity of lenvatinib contributes to antitumor activity in the Hepa1 ‐6 hepatocellular carcinoma model
Lenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR1 ‐3, FGFR1‐4, PDGFRα, RET and KIT. Here, we show that lenvatinib has immunomodulatory activity, which plays a role in the antitumor activity of single lenvatinib treatment, and enhances the antitumor activity of anti‐PD‐1 antibody in the combination treatment in the Hepa1‐6 mouse HCC synge neic tumor model. AbstractAngiogenesis inhibitors such as lenvatinib and sorafenib, and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), nivolumab, are used for anticancer therapies against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combination treatmen...
Source: Cancer Science - November 16, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Takayuki Kimura, Yu Kato, Yoichi Ozawa, Kotaro Kodama, Junichi Ito, Kenji Ichikawa, Kazuhiko Yamada, Yusaku Hori, Kimiyo Tabata, Kazuma Takase, Junji Matsui, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Kenichi Nomoto Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research