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Dante Pazzanese risk score for non-st-segment elevation acute coronary syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: A risk score of easy application in the emergency service was developed to predict death or (re)infarction within 30 days in a brazilian population with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. (Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia)
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia - November 20, 2009 Category: Cardiology Source Type: journals

Changes in the distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related Peptide according to growth and aging in rat molar periodontal ligament.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: CGRP-ir nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament are dense during the growth period and decrease gradually with aging, indicating that CGRP may affect periodontal tissue with growth and aging. PMID: 19905856 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Angle Orthodontist)
Source: The Angle Orthodontist - November 13, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Jung H, Horiuchi M, Soma K Tags: Angle Orthod Source Type: journals

Influence of occlusal stimuli on the microvasculature in rat dental pulp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This study suggests that occlusal stimuli influence the periodontal ligament throughout the microvasculature of the dental pulp. PMID: 19905857 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Angle Orthodontist)
Source: The Angle Orthodontist - November 13, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Shibutani N, Hosomichi J, Ishida Y, Soma K Tags: Angle Orthod Source Type: journals

Novel microfluidic platform for culturing neurons: Culturing and biochemical analysis of neuronal components.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neurons, one of the most polarized types of cells, are typically composed of cell bodies (soma), dendrites, and axons. Many events such as electric signal transmission, axonal transport, and local protein synthesis occur in the axon, so that a method for isolating axons from somata and dendrites is required for systematically investigating these axonal events. Based on a previously developed neuron culture method for isolating and directing the growth of central nervous system axons without introducing neutrophins, we report three modified microfluidic platforms: (1) for performing biochemical analysis of the pure axon...
Source: Biotechnology Journal - November 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Park JW, Kim HJ, Byun JH, Ryu HR, Jeon NL Tags: Biotechnol J Source Type: journals

CARISOPRODOL (Carisoprodol Tablets) Tablet [West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Updated Date: Nov 12, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - November 12, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Experience-dependent increase in spine calcium evoked by backpropagating action potentials in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in rat somatosensory cortexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, (i) the bAP-evoked calcium transient gradient along the dendrite length is established at P8, (ii) the calcium transient increases in amplitude with age and (iii) this increase is enhanced in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons located in a sensory-deprived barrel column that is bordered by non-deprived barrel columns. (Source: European Journal of Neuroscience)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Patrik Krieger Source Type: journals

Tau hyperphosphorylation and axonal damage induced by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) treatment along late postnatal development is followed by a rescue during adulthoodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Axonal degeneration has been described as the pathological hallmark of peripheral neuropathies induced by DEDTC. In addition, axonal damage has also been observed in the brain of mice treated daily with DEDTC along postnatal development, though with this experimental model there was observed to be axonal recovery after treatment, during the adulthood. To focus on this axonal dynamic activity, damage-recovery, a key axonal protein, the microtubule associated protein tau, was analyzed in this DEDTC model. Tau is a phosphoprotein and its dynamic site-specific phosphorylation is essential for its proper function; in fact, high...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Juana Utrera, Felix Junyent, Luisa de Lemos, Merce Pallàs, Antoni Camins, Rafael Romero, Carme Auladell Source Type: journals

A Simple Rule for Axon Outgrowth and Synaptic Competition Generates Realistic Connection Lengths and Filling FractionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neural connectivity at the cellular and mesoscopic level appears very specific and is presumed to arise from highly specific developmental mechanisms. However, there are general shared features of connectivity in systems as different as the networks formed by individual neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans or in rat visual cortex and the mesoscopic circuitry of cortical areas in the mouse, macaque, and human brain. In all these systems, connection length distributions have very similar shapes, with an initial large peak and a long flat tail representing the admixture of long-distance connections to mostly short-distance conne...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - November 7, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaiser, M., Hilgetag, C. C., van Ooyen, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Genetics vs. entropy: Longevity factors suppress the NF-kappaB-driven entropic aging process.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Molecular studies in model organisms have identified potent longevity genes which can delay the aging process and extend the lifespan. Longevity factors promote stress resistance and cellular survival. It seems that the aging process itself is not genetically programmed but a random process involving the loss of molecular fidelity and subsequent accumulation of waste products. This age-related increase in cellular entropy is compatible with the disposable soma theory of aging. A large array of host defence systems has been linked to the NF-kappaB system which is an ancient signaling pathway specialized to host defence,...
Source: Ageing Research Reviews - November 7, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Salminen A, Kaarniranta K Tags: Ageing Res Rev Source Type: journals

Hemoblasts in colonial tunicates: Are they stem cells or tissue-restricted progenitor cells?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Colonial tunicates have hemoblasts, which are undifferentiated coelomic cells that play a key role in tissue renewal during reproduction and regeneration. Some hemoblasts differentiate into somatic lineage cells such as endodermal multipotent epithelial, cardiac and body-wall muscle, and blood cells. There is no well established evidence that somatic hemoblasts are stem cells. Rather, like tissue-restricted progenitor cells, some peripheral hemoblasts give rise to terminally differentiated cells, while other hemoblasts differentiate into germ cells and accessory cells. Unlike somatic lineage cells, germ cells and their pre...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - November 5, 2009 Category: Research Authors: Kaz Kawamura, Takeshi Sunanaga Source Type: journals

Olfactory ensheathing cells reduce duration of autonomic dysreflexia in rats with high spinal cord injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autonomic dysreflexia is a common complication in high spinal cord injury and can result in serious consequences and death. Here we have examined the effect of acute transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells on cardiovascular functions in rats. After T4 transection, radio-telemetric recording in conscious animals was used to study blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during autonomic dysreflexia for up to 8weeks post-injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells from syngeneic rats were transplanted at the injury site; control animals received culture medium only. At the study end point, we examined morphometric featur...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - November 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kalinčík T, Choi EA, Féron F, Bianco J, Sutharsan R, Hayward I, Mackay-Sim A, Carrive P, Waite PM Tags: Auton Neurosci Source Type: journals

EEG Generator--A Model of Potentials in a Volume ConductorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we first suggest a new definition of the EEG generator. We use the theory of potentials in a volume conductor and model the contribution of a single synapse activated to the surface potential. We then model the contribution of the generator to the surface potential. Once the generator and its contribution are well defined, we can quantitatively assess the degree of synchronization among generators. The measures obtained by the model for a real life scenario of a group of generators organized in a specific statistical way were consistent with the expected values that were reported experimentally. The study sh...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Avitan, L., Teicher, M., Abeles, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-3[alpha] induces apoptosis through the upregulation and accumulation of cytoplasmic p53 in prostate cancer cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3[alpha] (HNF-3[alpha]) has been known to act as a repressor in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Herein, we investigated the effect of HNF-3[alpha] overexpression in prostate cancer cells.HNF-3[alpha] was overexpressed in prostate cancer cells using an adenovirus recombinant expressing wild-type HNF-3[alpha]. The apoptosis of prostate cancer cells was determined by TUNEL, FACS, and caspase activity analyses.Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of HNF-3[alpha] caused cell death in prostate cancer cells as assessed by changes in cellular and nuclear morphology, TUNEL analysis, and caspase activations...
Source: The Prostate - October 28, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Hyun Joo Lee, Soma Chattopadhyay, Wan-Hee Yoon, Jong Yoon Bahk, Tae-Hyoung Kim, Hyung Sik Kang, Keesook Lee Source Type: journals

Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Occlusal force influences not only maxillofacial morphology but also mandibular condyle morphology. PMID: 19852595 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Angle Orthodontist)
Source: The Angle Orthodontist - October 27, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Kurusu A, Horiuchi M, Soma K Tags: Angle Orthod Source Type: journals

Cellular expression pattern of the protease-activated receptor 4 in the hippocampus in naïve rats and after global ischaemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the current study proves for the first time that PAR4 is localised in mossy fibre axons. The altered expression in CA3 neurons after ischaemia indicates that PAR4 may be involved in post-ischaemic adaptive mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Henrich-Noack, M. Riek-Burchardt, K.G. Reymann, G. Reiser Source Type: journals

Synaptically-induced sodium signals in hippocampal astrocytes in situ.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Astrocytes are in close contact to excitatory synapses and express transporters which mediate the sodium-dependent uptake of glutamate. In cultured astrocytes, selective activation of glutamate transport results in sodium elevations which stimulate Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and glucose uptake, indicating that synaptic release of glutamate might couple excitatory neuronal activity to glial sodium homeostasis and metabolism. Here, we analysed intracellular sodium transients evoked by synaptic stimulation in acute mouse hippocampal slices using quantitative sodium imaging with the sodium-sensitive fluorescent indicator dye SBFI (...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: Langer J, Rose CR Tags: J Physiol Source Type: journals

Zebrafish Motor Neuron Subtypes Differ Electrically Prior to Axonal OutgrowthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Different muscle targets and transcription factor expression patterns reveal the presence of motor neuron subtypes. However, it is not known whether these subtypes also differ with respect to electrical membrane properties. To address this question, we studied primary motor neurons (PMNs) in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos. PMN genesis occurs during gastrulation and gives rise to a heterogeneous set of motor neurons that differ with respect to transcription factor expression, muscle targets, and soma location within each spinal cord segment. The unique subtype-specific soma locations and axonal trajectories of two PMN...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Moreno, R. L., Ribera, A. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Dendritic Spine Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury Alters Neuronal Signal ProcessingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Central sensitization, a prolonged hyperexcitability of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons, is a major contributor to abnormal pain processing after spinal cord injury (SCI). Dendritic spines are micron-sized dendrite protrusions that can regulate the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Here we used a computational approach to study whether changes in dendritic spine shape, density, and distribution can individually, or in combination, adversely modify the input–output function of a postsynaptic neuron to create a hyperexcitable neuronal state. The results demonstrate that a conversion from thin-shaped to more mature, mu...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Tan, A. M., Choi, J.-S., Waxman, S. G., Hains, B. C. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

SK Channels Gate Information Processing In Vivo by Regulating an Intrinsic Bursting Mechanism Seen In VitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Understanding the mechanistic substrates of neural computations that lead to behavior remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. In particular, the contributions of intrinsic neural properties such as burst firing and dendritic morphology to the processing of behaviorally relevant sensory input have received much interest recently. Pyramidal cells within the electrosensory lateral line lobe of weakly electric fish display an intrinsic bursting mechanism that relies on somato-dendritic interactions when recorded in vitro: backpropagating somatic action potentials trigger dendritic action potentials that lead to a depola...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Toporikova, N., Chacron, M. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Quantitative dynamics and spatial profile of perisomatic GABAergic input during epileptiform synchronization in the CA1 hippocampus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Perisomatic GABAergic input appears spared or even increased in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, and has been suggested to contribute to the generation of pathological discharges. Nevertheless, its degree of functional activity during epileptiform synchronization has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, it remains unclear how structural preservation or loss of domain-specific GABAergic input may affect the network. Here, I have taken advantage of a model of epileptiform activity in vitro to quantify the charge transfer provided by perisomatic GABAA receptor-mediated input to CA1 pyramidal neurons during intericta...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 18, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: Marchionni I, Maccaferri G Tags: J Physiol Source Type: journals

Featured Article: Membrane trafficking: PTEN hitches a ride on myosinVEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An interaction between PTEN and myosinV regulates PTEN membrane association and neuronal soma size. (Source: Nature Signaling Update)
Source: Nature Signaling Update - October 9, 2009 Category: Research Source Type: info

Association of the Purinergic Receptor P2Y, G-Protein Coupled, 2 (P2RY2) Gene With Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Men.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The GA+AA genotype, as well as the C-A and T-C-A haplotypes, of human P2RY2 could be genetic markers for MI in Japanese men. PMID: 19797825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Circulation Journal)
Source: Circulation Journal - October 1, 2009 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang ZX, Nakayama T, Sato N, Izumi Y, Kasamaki Y, Ohta M, Soma M, Aoi N, Matsumoto K, Ozawa Y, Ma YT, Doba N, Hinohara S Tags: Circ J Source Type: journals

Abundant and dynamically expressed miRNAs, piRNAs, and other small RNAs in the vertebrate Xenopus tropicalis [LETTERS]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Small regulatory RNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. Here we used high-throughput sequencing to determine small RNA populations in the germline and soma of the African clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis. We identified a number of miRNAs that were expressed in the female germline. miRNA expression profiling revealed that miR-202-5p is an oocyte-enriched miRNA. We identified two novel miRNAs that were expressed in the soma. In addition, we sequenced large numbers of Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) and other endogenous small RNAs, likely representing endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs). Of these,...
Source: Genome Research - October 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Armisen, J., Gilchrist, M. J., Wilczynska, A., Standart, N., Miska, E. A. Tags: LETTERS Source Type: journals

An Easy and Reproducible Model of Kidney Transplantation in RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The bladder insertion technique reduced the incidence of urological complications in rats. In addition, unilateral native nephrectomy at the time of operation with delayed contralateral nephrectomy was better tolerated than simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy. These 2 surgical variants allowed us to perform kidney transplantation with a high degree of success. (Source: Transplantation Proceedings)
Source: Transplantation Proceedings - October 1, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: T. Soma, E. Lerut, A. Billiau, M. Waer, J. Goebels, T. Koshiba, S. Uemoto, J. Pirenne Tags: Experimental Transplantation Source Type: journals

Calcium imaging in single neurons from brain slices using bioluminescent reportersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Responses of three bioluminescent Ca2+ sensors were studied in vitro and in neurons from brain slices. These sensors consisted of tandem fusions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the photoproteins aequorin, obelin, or a mutant aequorin with high Ca2+ sensitivity. Kinetics of GFP-obelin responses to a saturating Ca2+ concentration were faster than those of GFP-aequorin at all Mg2+ concentrations tested, whereas GFP-mutant aequorin responses were the slowest. GFP-photoproteins were efficiently expressed in pyramidal neurons following overnight incubation of acute neocortical slices with recombinant Sindbis viruses. Exp...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Estelle Drobac, Ludovic Tricoire, Alain-François Chaffotte, Elvire Guiot, Bertrand Lambolez Source Type: journals

Electrical coupling of astrocytes in rat hippocampal slices under physiological and simulated ischemic conditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mammalian protoplasmic astrocytes are extensively coupled through gap junction channels but the biophysical properties of these channels under physiological and ischemic conditions in situ are not well defined. Using confocal morphometric analysis of biocytin-filled astrocytic syncytia in rat hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum we found that each astrocyte directly couples, on average, to 11 other astrocytes with a mean interastrocytic distance of 45 [mu]m. Voltage-independent and bidirectional transjunctional currents were always measured between directly coupled astrocyte pairs in dual voltage-clamp recordings, but never fr...
Source: Glia - September 29, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Guangjin Xu, Wei Wang, Harold K. Kimelberg, Min Zhou Source Type: journals

Delayed onset of changes in soma action potential genesis in nociceptive A-beta DRG neurons in vivo in a rat model of osteoarthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical data on osteoarthritis suggest widespread changes in sensory function. The present study was done to investigate the possible changes specifically in functionally-identified Abeta-fiber nociceptive primary sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat surgical derangement model of knee osteoarthritis. We have previously found that this model undergoes structural changes in the joint and gait changes as indicated in the incapacitance test. Intracellular recordings were made from L4 Abeta nociceptive DRG neurons in vivo at two stages of development: one month and two months following model induction. Action po...
Source: Molecular Pain - September 27, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Qi WuJames Henry Source Type: journals

Reversal of dopaminergic degeneration in a parkinsonian rat following micrografting of human bone marrow-derived neural progenitors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by theselective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. Various types of stem cells that have potential to differentiate into DA neurons are being investigated as cellular therapies for PD. Stem cells also secrete growth factors and therefore may also have therapeutic effects in promoting the health of diseased DA neurons in the PD brain. To address this possibility in an experimental model of PD, bone marrow-derived neuroprogenitor-like cells were generated from bone marrow procured from healthy human adult volunteers and their pot...
Source: Cell Transplantation - September 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Glavaski-Joksimovic A, Virag T, Chang QA, West NC, Mangatu TA, McGrogan MP, Dugich-Djordjevic M, Bohn MC Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: journals

Characterization of CLP36/Elfin/PDLIM1 in the nervous systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CLP36, one of the [alpha]-Actinin Associated LIM Protein (ALP)/Enigma family proteins, has a wide tissue distribution, but little is known about its expression and role in the nervous system. We show here that CLP36 is expressed in sensory ganglia but not in the CNS of adult rats. In primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, CLP36 is distributed in the soma and neurites with enrichment in the growth cones. CLP36 forms a complex with [alpha]-actinin and is localized to actin cytoskeleton. To examine the role of CLP36 in neuronal cells, we transfected PC12 cells with a series of CLP36 deletion mutants and found that over-e...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - September 22, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Koji Ohno, Hiroshi Kato, Shinji Funahashi, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Kohji Sato Source Type: journals

Postnatal binge-like alcohol exposure decreases dendritic complexity while increasing the density of mature spines in mPFC Layer II/III pyramidal neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, three groups of rat pups were used: intubated with alcohol (5.25 g/kg/day; AE), sham intubated (SI), or suckle controls (SC) on PD 4-9. On PD 26-30 rats were anesthetized, perfused with saline and brains were processed for Golgi-Cox staining. Basilar dendritic complexity, spine density, and spine phenotypes were evaluated for Layer II/III neurons in the medial PFC. Results indicate that AE rats have an altered basilar dendritic complexity due to a significant decrease in both length and number of intersections in proximity to the neuronal soma. Furthermore, spine density patterns of basilar dendrites remain ...
Source: Synapse - September 20, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Gillian F. Hamilton, Lee T. Whitcher, Anna Y. Klintsova Source Type: journals

Distribution of the epilepsy-related Lgi1 protein in rat cortical neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The Lgi1 protein is involved in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy because mutations in the leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) gene have been found in affected subjects and families; however, the function of Lgi1 is still unclear. Definition of the fine intracellular distribution of Lgi1 in normal cortical tissue would add in understanding its role and envisage pathogenetic mechanisms. Therefore, we analyzed normal rat cortex for Lgi1 by combining biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that Lgi1 is a cytoplasmic ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - September 16, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: journals

Effect of a Prostaglandin – Given Rectally for Prevention of Radiation-Induced Acute Proctitis – on Late Rectal ToxicityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Misoprostol given as once-daily suppository for prevention of acute radiation-induced proctitis does neither influence the incidence and severity of radiation-induced acute nor late rectal toxicity. Misoprostol has no negative impact on the incidence and severity of late rectal bleeding, in contrast to acute rectal bleeding. The routine clinical use of misoprostol suppositories cannot be recommended. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00066-009-1978-8Authors Tereza Kertesz, University of Göttingen Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology Göttingen Ge...
Source: Strahlentherapie und Onkologie - September 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Source Type: journals

[Report] Underplating in the Himalaya-Tibet Collision Zone Revealed by the Hi-CLIMB ExperimentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A seismic study delineates the position and local thickening of the Indian plate underlying the Himalayas and southern Tibet.Authors: John Nábělek, György Hetényi, Jérôme Vergne, Soma Sapkota, Basant Kafle, Mei Jiang, Heping Su, John Chen, Bor-Shouh Huang, the Hi-CLIMB Team (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - September 11, 2009 Category: Science Authors: John Nábělek Source Type: journals

Parallel Computational Subunits in Dentate Granule Cells Generate Multiple Place FieldsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Author Summary Neurons were originally divided into three morphologically distinct compartments: the dendrites receive the synaptic input, the soma integrates it and communicates the output of the cell to other neurons via the axon. Although several lines of evidence challenged this oversimplified view, neurons are still considered to be the basic information processing units of the nervous system as their output reflects the computations performed by the entire dendritic tree. In the present study, the authors build a simplified computational model and calculate that, in certain neurons, relatively small dendritic branch...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - September 10, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Balázs Ujfalussy et al. Source Type: journals

Input Specificity and Dependence of Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity on Preceding Postsynaptic Activity at Unitary Connections between Neocortical Layer 2/3 Pyramidal CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells receive excitatory afferent input both from neighbouring pyramidal cells and from cortical and subcortical regions. The efficacy of these excitatory synaptic inputs is modulated by spike timing–dependent plasticity (STDP). Here we report that synaptic connections between L2/3 pyramidal cell pairs are located proximal to the soma, at sites overlapping those of excitatory inputs from other cortical layers. Nevertheless, STDP at L2/3 pyramidal to pyramidal cell connections showed fundamental differences from known STDP rules at these neighbouring contacts. Coincident low-frequency pre- a...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - September 10, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Zilberter, M., Holmgren, C., Shemer, I., Silberberg, G., Grillner, S., Harkany, T., Zilberter, Y. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

NCX1 Expression and Functional Activity Increase in Microglia Invading the Infarct Core.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The upregulation of NCX1 expression and activity observed in microglia after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion suggests a relevant role of NCX1 in modulating microglia functions in the postischemic brain. PMID: 19745171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Stroke)
Source: Stroke - September 9, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Boscia F, Gala R, Pannaccione A, Secondo A, Scorziello A, Di Renzo G, Annunziato L Tags: Stroke Source Type: journals

Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with only cutaneous involvement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19734992 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Derm Venereol A...)
Source: Acta Derm Venereol A... - September 9, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kawakami T, Kimura S, Kinoshita A, Kondo K, Soma Y Tags: Acta Derm Venereol Source Type: journals

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type in an elderly man with human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19734989 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Derm Venereol A...)
Source: Acta Derm Venereol A... - September 9, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kawakami T, Mizoguchi M, Soma Y Tags: Acta Derm Venereol Source Type: journals

Multifunctional mechanosensitive neurons in the enteric nervous system.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One of the most intriguing abilities of the gut is to function in isolation. This is possible because the gut's own nervous system, the enteric nervous system, contains the necessary elements to control reflex behaviors. Much progress has been made in identifying those neurons that encode mechanical or chemical stimuli. Thus, muscle behaviors in the small and large intestines depend on mechanosensitive neurons which encode a variety of mechanical stimuli, ranging from brief deformation of the neurons soma or processes to sustained tissue stretch. Mechanosensitivity has been recorded in a wide variety of neurons which b...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - September 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schemann M, Mazzuoli G Tags: Auton Neurosci Source Type: journals

Brain Injury After Proton Therapy or Carbon Ion Therapy for Head-and-Neck Cancer and Skull Base TumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Particle therapies produced minimal symptomatic brain toxicities, but sequential evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging detected a greater incidence of RIBCs. Significant differences were observed in the irradiated brain volume between the brain lobes with and without RIBCs. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - September 7, 2009 Category: Radiology Authors: Daisuke Miyawaki, Masao Murakami, Yusuke Demizu, Ryohei Sasaki, Yasue Niwa, Kazuki Terashima, Hideki Nishimura, Yoshio Hishikawa, Kazuro Sugimura Tags: 5th JUCTS and the 5th S. Takahashi Memorial International Joint Symposium Source Type: journals

Ontogeny of ATP hydrolysis and isoform expression of the Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase in mouse brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These results show an upregulation of PMCA activity and PMCA isoforms expression during brain development in mouse, with specific localizations mainly in cerebellum. Overall, our findings support a close relationship between the ontogeny of PMCA isoforms and specific requirements of Ca2+ during development of different brain areas. (Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles - September 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Daniel MarcosM. Rosario SepulvedaMaria BerrocalAna Mata Source Type: journals

Relation between phonological awareness and phonological disorders in children in 1st grade of basic educationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: the occurrence of phonological deviation in children from the first grade in school did not interfere in their performance in items related to phonological awareness. (Source: Revista CEFAC)
Source: Revista CEFAC - September 5, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Locomotor-Activated Neurons of the Cat. I. Serotonergic Innervation and Co-Localization of 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A Receptors in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spinal CordEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Monoamines are strong modulators and/or activators of spinal locomotor networks. Thus monoaminergic fibers likely contact neurons involved in generating locomotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serotonergic innervation of locomotor-activated neurons within the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord following induction of hindlimb locomotion. This was determined by immunohistochemical co-localization of serotonin (5-HT) fibers or 5-HT7/5-HT2A/5-HT1A receptors with cells expressing the activity-dependent marker c-fos. Experiments were performed on paralyzed, decerebrate cats in which locomotion was induced by elec...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - September 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Noga, B. R., Johnson, D. M. G., Riesgo, M. I., Pinzon, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Abundant and dynamically expressed miRNAs, piRNAs, and other small RNAs in the vertebrate Xenopus tropicalis [LETTERS]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Small regulatory RNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. Here we used high-throughput sequencing to determine small RNA populations in the germline and soma of the African clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis. We identified a number of miRNAs that were expressed in the female germline. miRNA expression profiling revealed that miR-202-5p is an oocyte-enriched miRNA. We identified two novel miRNAs that were expressed in the soma. In addition, we sequenced large numbers of Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) and other endogenous small RNAs, likely representing endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs). Of these,...
Source: Genome Research - August 31, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Armisen, J., Gilchrist, M. J., Wilczynska, A., Standart, N., Miska, E. A. Tags: LETTERS Source Type: journals

Contribution of Hungarian psychoanalysts to psychoanalytic psychosomatics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, I touch upon common features of Ferenczi's and Groddeck's thinking about psychosomatics. I explore the work of Sándor Ferenczi, Lajos Lévy and Mihály Bálint among others, and the attraction between avant garde Hungarian intellectuals-mainly writers influenced by Ferenczi--and Georg Groddeck. PMID: 19794420 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis)
Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mészáros J Tags: Am J Psychoanal Source Type: journals

Functional changes of temporomandibular joint mechanoreceptors induced by reduced masseter muscle activity in growing rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Reduced masseter activity during the growth period alters the response properties of TMJ mechanoreceptors. PMID: 19705933 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Angle Orthodontist)
Source: The Angle Orthodontist - August 27, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Ishida T, Yabushita T, Soma K Tags: Angle Orthod Source Type: journals

Key Features of the X Inactivation Process Are Conserved between Marsupials and Eutherians.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In female marsupials, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is imprinted, affecting the paternal X chromosome. One model, supported by recent studies [1, 2], proposes that XCI in marsupials is achieved through inheritance of an already silent X chromosome from the father [3-6], with XCI initiated by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) [7, 8]. This model is appealing because marsupials have no Xist gene [9-12] and the marsupial inactive X chromosome is epigenetically dissimilar to that of mice, apparently lacking repressive histone marks such as H3K27 trimethylation [13]. A central prediction of the meiotic inactivatio...
Source: Current Biology - August 25, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Mahadevaiah SK, Royo H, Vandeberg JL, McCarrey JR, Mackay S, Turner JM Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: journals

Electrophysiological responses of sympathetic preganglionic neurons to ANG II and aldosteroneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord is an important area where sympathetic impulses propagate to peripheral sympathetic organs. ANG II and aldosterone are important components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which activate the sympathetic nervous system. Each is partly synthesized in the brain and plays a paracrine role in the regulation of blood pressure independently of RAAS in the periphery. Our purpose in the present study was to clarify the contributions of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the IML (IML neurons) and the effects of ANG II and aldosterone on the sympathetic ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - August 23, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: Minoura, Y., Onimaru, H., Iigaya, K., Homma, I., Kobayashi, Y. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Association between tinnitus retraining therapy and a tinnitus control instrumentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: : Significant improvement in THI and VAS scores was found as early as 1 month of treatment and later compared with those on initial examination, suggesting that TRT with a TCI may be an effective treatment for tinnitus. It resulted that many patients chose the speech noise or the white noise. And also it was indicated that noise generators set at just below mixing point with tinnitus are more effective. In this study, however, speech noise was often selected probably because of the reduced output at high frequencies and the level of comfort. As white noise produces greater sound volume, patients tended to switc...
Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx - August 21, 2009 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mari Ito, Keiko Soma, Reiko Ando Tags: Original papers Source Type: journals