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12 records returned

Two mosaic terminal inverted duplications arising post-zygotically: evidence for possible formation of neo-telomeresEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: An inv dup structure was evident for both cases on GTL bands, and confirmed by the various FISH studies. The presence of telomere (TTAGGG repeat) sequences at pter on the inv dup chromosomes (where more proximal chromosome specific subtelomeric probes were negative) was indicated by the pantelomeric probe signals in both cases. We conclude the most likely mechanism of origin in both cases was by sub-telomeric breakage in the zygote at pter, and delayed repair/rearrangement until after one or more subsequent mitotic divisions. In these divisions, at least one breakage-fusion-bridge cycle occurred, to produce in...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - March 10, 2008 Category: Cytology Authors: Art Daniel, Luke St Heaps, Dianne Sylvester, Sara Diaz and Gregory Peters Source Type: journals

Calyculin A, an enhancer of myosin, speeds up anaphase chromosome movementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Actin and myosin inhibitors often blocked anaphase movements in insect spermatocytes in previous experiments. Here we treat cells with an enhancer of myosin, Calyculin A, which inhibits myosin-light-chain phosphatase from dephosphorylating myosin; myosin thus is hyperactivated. Calyculin A causes anaphase crane-fly spermatocyte chromosomes to accelerate poleward; after they reach the poles they often move back toward the equator. When added during metaphase, chromosomes at anaphase move faster than normal. Calyculin A causes prometaphase chromosomes to move rapidly up and back along the spindle axis, and to rotate. Immunof...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - March 24, 2007 Category: Cytology Authors: Lacramioara Fabian, Joanna Troscianczuk and Arthur Forer Source Type: journals

Trend towards varying combinatorial centromere association in morphologically identical clusters in Purkinje neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether the same set of centromeres form clusters in all the Purkinje neurons. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific para-centromeric probes provided an indirect evidence for a trend towards varying contributions from different chromosomes forming the centromeric clusters in adjacent Purkinje neurons. The results of the study indicate that the individual Purkinje neurons are likely unique in inter-chromosomal spatial associations.
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - December 7, 2006 Category: Cytology Authors: Kunjumon I Vadakkan, Baoxiang Li and Umberto De Boni Source Type: journals

Non-obstructive azoospermia and maturation arrest with complex translocation 46,XY t(9;13;14)(p22;q21.2;p13) is consistent with the Luciani-Guo hypothesis of latent aberrant autosomal regions and infertilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Although genes mapped to the Y-chromosome have been established as critical to normal testicular development and spermatogenesis, certain autosomal genes are now also recognized as important in these processes. Here we present clinical evidence to support the Luciani-Guo hypothesis (first advanced in 1984 and refined in 2002), which predicts severe spermatogenic impairment with aberrations involving chromosomes 9, 13, and/or 14, independent of Y-chromosome status. Additional study including fluorescent in situ hybridization and molecular analysis of specific chromosomal regions is needed to characterize more fu...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - September 14, 2005 Category: Cytology Authors: Eric Scott Sills, Joseph Jinsuk Kim, Michael A Witt and Gianpiero D Palermo Source Type: journals

Chromosomal changes in uroepithelial carcinomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews and summarizes chromosomal changes responsible for the initiation and progression of uroepithelial carcinomas. Characterization of these alterations may lead to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms and open the door for molecular markers that can be used for better diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Such information might even help in designing new therapeutic strategies geared towards prevention of tumor recurrences and more aggressive approach in progression-prone cases.The revision of 205 cases of uroepithelial carcinomas reported with abnormal karyotypes showed karyotypic profile c...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - August 7, 2005 Category: Cytology Authors: Imad Fadl-Elmula Source Type: journals

Chromosome loops arising from intrachromosomal tethering of telomeres occur at high frequency in G1 (non-cycling) mitotic cells: Implications for telomere captureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: A topology for telomeres was detected where looped chromosome homologues were present at G1 interphase. These homologues were spatially arranged with respect to one-another independently of other chromosomes, i.e. there was no chromosome order on different sides of the cell nuclei and no segregation into haploid sets was detected. The normal function of this high frequency of intrachromosomal loops is unknown but a potential role is likely in the genesis of telomere captures whether of the intrachromosomal type or between non-homologues. This intrachromosomal tethering of telomeres cannot be related to telomer...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - September 29, 2004 Category: Cytology Authors: Art Daniel and Luke St Heaps Source Type: journals

DNA and the chromosome – varied targets for chemotherapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The nucleus of the cell serves to maintain, regulate, and replicate the critical genetic information encoded by the genome. Genomic DNA is highly associated with proteins that enable simple nuclear structures such as nucleosomes to form higher-order organisation such as chromatin fibres. The temporal association of regulatory proteins with DNA creates a dynamic environment capable of quickly responding to cellular requirements and distress. The response is often mediated through alterations in the chromatin structure, resulting in changed accessibility of specific DNA sequences that are then recognized by specific proteins...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - May 24, 2004 Category: Cytology Authors: Stephanie M Nelson, Lynnette R Ferguson and William A Denny Source Type: journals

DNA and the chromosome - varied targets for chemotherapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The nucleus of the cell serves to maintain, regulate, and replicate the critical genetic information encoded by the genome. Genomic DNA is highly associated with proteins that enable simple nuclear structures such as nucleosomes to form higher-order organisation such as chromatin fibres. The temporal association of regulatory proteins with DNA creates a dynamic environment capable of quickly responding to cellular requirements and distress. The response is often mediated through alterations in the chromatin structure, resulting in changed accessibility of specific DNA sequences that are then recognized by specific proteins...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - May 24, 2004 Category: Cytology Authors: Stephanie NelsonLynnette FergusonWilliam Denny Source Type: journals

Imaging genome abnormalities in cancer researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increasing attention is focusing on chromosomal and genome structure in cancer research due to the fact that genomic instability plays a principal role in cancer initiation, progression and response to chemotherapeutic agents. The integrity of the genome (including structural, behavioral and functional aspects) of normal and cancer cells can be monitored with direct visualization by using a variety of cutting edge molecular cytogenetic technologies that are now available in the field of cancer research. Examples are presented in this review by grouping these methodologies into four categories visualizing different yet clos...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - January 13, 2004 Category: Cytology Authors: Henry HQ Heng, Joshua B Stevens, Guo Liu, Steven W Bremer and Christine J Ye Source Type: journals

Microarray analysis of gene expression during the cell cycleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microarrays have been applied to the determination of genome-wide expression patterns during the cell cycle of a number of different cells. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have been studied using whole-culture and selective synchronization methods. The published microarray data on yeast, mammalian, and bacterial cells have been uniformly interpreted as indicating that a large number of genes are expressed in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. These conclusions are reconsidered using explicit criteria for synchronization and precise criteria for identifying gene expression patterns during the cell cycle. The conclusions r...
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - September 19, 2003 Category: Cytology Authors: Stephen Cooper and Kerby Shedden Source Type: journals

MG-132, an inhibitor of proteasomes and calpains, induced inhibition of oocyte maturation and aneuploidy in mouse oocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data suggest that the MG-132-induced transient delay of proteasomal activity during mouse OM in vitro predisposed oocytes to abnormal chromosome segregation. Although these findings support a relationship between disturbed proteasomal activity and chromosome segregation, considerable additional data are needed to further investigate the roles of proteasome-mediated proteolysis and other potential molecular mechanisms on chromosome segregation during OM.
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - October 8, 2002 Category: Cytology Authors: John B Mailhes, Colette Hilliard, Mary Lowery and Steve N London Source Type: journals

Distinct functions of S. pombe Rec12 (Spo11) protein and Rec12-dependent crossover recombination (chiasmata) in meiosis I; and a requirement for Rec12 in meiosis IIEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Rec12 is a 345 amino acid protein required for most crossover recombination and for chiasmatic segregation of chromosomes during meiosis I. Rec12 also participates in a backup distributive (achiasmatic) system of chromosome segregation during meiosis I. In addition, catalytically-active Rec12 mediates some signal that is required for faithful equational segregation of chromosomes during meiosis II.
Source: Cell & Chromosome - Latest articles - September 19, 2002 Category: Cytology Authors: Wallace D Sharif, Gloria G Glick, Mari K Davidson and Wayne P Wahls Source Type: journals