Cell and Tissue Research
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Interstitial cell migration: integrin-dependent and alternative adhesion mechanisms
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Abstract Adhesion and migration are integrated cell functions that build, maintain and remodel the multicellular organism. In migrating
cells, integrins are the main transmembrane receptors that provide dynamic interactions between extracellular ligands and
actin cytoskeleton and signalling machineries. In parallel to integrins, other adhesion systems mediate adhesion and cytoskeletal
coupling to the extracellular matrix (ECM). These include multifunctional cell surface receptors (syndecans and CD44) and
discoidin domain receptors, which together coordinate ligand binding with direct or indirect cytoskeletal...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Proteinases involved in matrix turnover during cartilage and bone breakdownEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The joint is a discrete unit that consists of cartilage, bone, tendon and ligaments. These tissues are all composed of an
extracellular matrix made of collagens, proteoglycans and specialised glycoproteins that are actively synthesised, precisely
assembled and subsequently degraded by the resident connective tissue cells. A balance is maintained between matrix synthesis
and degradation in healthy adult tissues. Different classes of proteinases play a part in connective tissue turnover in which
active proteinases can cleave matrix protein during resorption, although the proteinase that predominates v...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regular ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00441-009-0894-7Authors
Karina Fontana, University of Campinas-UNICAMP Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences P.O. Box 6111 13083-970 Campinas SP BrazilFernanda M. Almeida, University of Campinas-UNICAMP Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics 13083-970 Campinas SP BrazilTatiana Carla Tomiosso, University of Campinas-UNICAMP Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics 13083-970 Campinas SP BrazilEdson Rosa Pimentel, University of Ca...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Cell interactions with the extracellular matrixEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00441-009-0891-xAuthors
L. Bruckner-Tuderman, University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Dermatology Hauptstrasse 7 79104 Freiburg GermanyK. von der Mark, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus Fiebiger Centre of Molecular Medicine Glückstrasse 6 91054 Erlangen GermanyT. Pihlajaniemi, University of Oulu Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Biology, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology P.O. Box 5000 Aapistie 7 90014 Oulu FinlandK. Unsicker, University of Freiburg Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Novel conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cell line expressing functional influx and efflux transportersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Reabsorption of filtered solutes from the glomerular filtrate and excretion of waste products and xenobiotics are the main
functions of the renal proximal tubular (PT) epithelium. A human PT cell line expressing a range of functional transporters
would help to augment current knowledge in renal physiology and pharmacology. We have established and characterized a conditionally
immortalized PT epithelial cell line (ciPTEC) obtained by transfecting and subcloning cells exfoliated in the urine of a healthy
volunteer. The PT origin of this line has been confirmed morphologically and by the expression of ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Altered production of extra-cellular matrix components by muscle-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblasts before and after TGF-β1 treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract To probe pro-fibrotic mechanisms in dystrophic muscle, we isolated primary fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
and control muscle biopsies and induced transdifferentiation in myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) treatment.
We compared proliferating activity, soluble collagen production, and transcript and protein levels of decorin, myostatin,
TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 (gelatinase), MMP-3 (stromelysin), MMP-7 (matrilysin),
and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases inhibitors (TIMPs) 1–4, in fibroblasts and...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Local lymphogenic migration pathway in normal mouse spleenEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Although the immunological and hemodynamical significance of the spleen is of great importance, few reports detail the lymphatic
vessels in this organ. We have used an immunohistochemical three-dimensional imaging technique to characterize lymphatic vessels
in the normal mouse spleen and have successfully demonstrated their spatial relationship to the blood vascular system for
the first time. Lymphatic markers, such as LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, and podoplanin, show different staining patterns depending on
their location in the spleen. LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels run reverse to the arterial blood flow a...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Nanoscale engineering of biomimetic surfaces: cues from the extracellular matrixEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The ultimate goal in the design of biomimetic materials for use in tissue engineering as permanent or resorbable tissue implants
is to generate biocompatible scaffolds with appropriate biomechanical and chemical properties to allow the adhesion, ingrowth,
and survival of cells. Recent efforts have therefore focused on the construction and modification of biomimetic surfaces targeted
to support tissue-specific cell functions including adhesion, growth, differentiation, motility, and the expression of tissue-specific
genes. Four decades of extensive research on the structure and biological influence o...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
The developmental roles of the extracellular matrix: beyond structure to regulationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a complex three-dimensional macromolecular extracellular matrix (ECM).
This matrix, traditionally thought to serve a structural function providing support and strength to cells within tissues,
is increasingly being recognized as having pleiotropic effects in development and growth. Elucidation of the role that the
ECM plays in developmental processes has been significantly advanced by studying the phenotypic and developmental consequences
of specific genetic alterations of ECM components in the mouse. These studies have revealed the enormous contrib...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Synaptogenesis of hippocampal neurons in primary cell cultureEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hippocampal neurons in dissociated cell culture are one of the most extensively used model systems in the field of molecular
and cellular neurobiology. Only limited data are however available on the normal time frame of synaptogenesis, synapse number
and ultrastructure of excitatory synapses during early development in culture. Therefore, we analyzed the synaptic ultrastructure
and morphology and the localization of presynaptic (Bassoon) and postsynaptic (ProSAP1/Shank2) marker proteins in cultures
established from rat embryos at embryonic day 19, after 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days in culture. Fir...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - November 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Isolation, characterization and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells: from small to large animal modelsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract One of the most important issues in orthopaedic surgery is the loss of bone resulting from trauma, infections, tumours or
congenital deficiency. In view of the hypothetical future application of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human adipose
tissue in regenerative medicine, we have analysed and characterized adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from adipose
tissue of rat, rabbit and pig. We have compared their in vitro osteogenic differentiation abilities for exploitation in the
repair of critical osteochondral defects in autologous pre-clinical models. The number of pluripotent cells per ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Specialized ommatidia of the polarization-sensitive dorsal rim area in the eye of monarch butterflies have non-functional reflecting tapetaEmail this article to a colleague.
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We describe the morphology
and fine structure of the DRA in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). The DRA consists of approximately 100 ommatidia forming a narrow ribbon along the dorsal eye margin. Each ommatidium contains
two types of photoreceptor with mutually orthogonal microvilli orientations occurring in a 2:6 ratio. Within each rhabdomere,
the microvilli are well aligned. Rhabdom structure and orientation remain constant at all retinal levels, but the rhabdom
profiles, as seen in tangential sections through the DRA, change their orientations in a fan-like fashion from the frontal
to the caudal end of the DRA...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Macroglial cells of the teleost central nervous system: a survey of the main typesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Following our previous review of teleost microglia, we focus here on the morphological and histochemical features of the three
principal macroglia types in the teleost central nervous system (ependymal cells, astrocyte-like cells/radial glia and oligodendrocytes).
This review is concerned with recent literature and not only provides insights into the various individual aspects of the
different types of macroglial cells plus a comparison with mammalian glia, but also indicates the several potentials that
the neural tissue of teleosts exhibits in neurobiological research. Indeed, some areas of the tel...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Null mutations in LEPRE1 and CRTAP cause severe recessive osteogenesis imperfectaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Classical osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a dominant genetic disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in either of
the two genes encoding type I collagen, COL1A1 and COL1A2. Recent investigations, however, have generated a new paradigm for OI incorporating many of the prototypical features that
distinguish dominant and recessive conditions, within a type I collagen framework. We and others have shown that the long-sought
cause of the recessive form of OI, first postulated in the Sillence classification, lies in defects in the genes encoding
cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) or prolyl 3-h...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Ectopic synaptic ribbons in dendrites of mouse retinal ON- and OFF-bipolar cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The ectopic distribution of synaptic ribbons in dendrites of mouse retinal bipolar cells was examined by using genetic ablation
of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6 (mGluR6), electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. Ectopic ribbons were
observed in dendrites of rod and ON-cone bipolar cells in the mGluR6-deficient mouse but not in those of wild-type mice. The
number of rod spherules facing the ectopic ribbons in mGluR6-deficient rod bipolar dendrites increased gradually during early
growth and reached a plateau level of about 20% at 12 weeks. These ectopic ribbons were immunopositi...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Erratum to: Ultrastructure of interstitial cells of Cajal in myenteric plexus of human colonEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00441-009-0856-0Authors
Jüri Johannes Rumessen, Gentofte Hospital Department of Gastroenterology F Niels Andersensvej 65 DK-2900 Hellerup DenmarkJean-Marie Vanderwinden, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine Brussels BelgiumHelle Rasmussen, University Hospital Herlev Department of Pathology DK-2730 Herlev DenmarkAlastair Hansen, University Hospital Herlev and University of Copenhagen Department of Pathology DK-2730 Herlev DenmarkThomas Horn, University Hospital Herlev and University of Copenhagen Department of Pathology DK-2730 Herlev Denmark
...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
The unfolded protein response and its relevance to connective tissue diseasesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The unfolded protein response (UPR) has evolved to counter the stresses that occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a
result of misfolded proteins. This sophisticated quality control system attempts to restore homeostasis through the action
of a number of different pathways that are coordinated in the first instance by the ER stress-senor proteins IRE1, ATF6 and
PERK. However, prolonged ER-stress-related UPR can have detrimental effects on cell function and, in the longer term, may
induce apoptosis. Connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes synthesise and secrete ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Adam12 plays a role during uterine decidualization in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In mouse, decidualization is characterized by the proliferation of stromal cells and their differentiation into specialized
type of cells (decidual cells) with polyploidy, surrounding the implanting blastocyst. However, the mechanisms involved in
these processes remain poorly understood. Using multiple approaches, we have examined the role of Adam12 in decidualization
during early pregnancy in mice. Adam12 is spatiotemporally expressed in decidualizing stromal cells in intact pregnant females
and in pseudopregnant mice undergoing artificially induced decidualization. In the ovariectomized mouse uter...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Immune cell types involved in early uptake and transport of recombinant mouse prion protein in Peyer’s patches of calvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We have previously reported the early uptake and transport of foreign particles into Peyer’s patches (PPs) of newborn and
2-month-old calves and shown that the peak uptake of particles occurs 6 h after inoculation, in addition to site- and size-related
effects on particle uptake. We now report the distribution of immune cells within PPs of the distal ileum in newborn and 2-month-old
calves inoculated with carbon black. The types of immune cells involved in the early uptake and transport of recombinant mouse
prion protein (rMPrP) within PPs of newborn calf were investigated by using monoclonal...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Function of Drosophila mob2 in photoreceptor morphogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The Drosophila photoreceptor is a highly polarized cell; a mature photoreceptor cell in Drosophila contains a photosensitive structure (the rhabdomere) and a supporting membrane (stalk) at its apical membrane. In a screen
to isolate genes involved in determining stalk and rhabdomere formation, this study has identified the Drosophila mob2 (Dmob2) gene. Dmob2 belongs to a Mob1/phocein domain protein family whose functions are involved in polarized cell growth and asymmetric
cell fate determination in yeast. To study the role of Dmob2 in photoreceptor development, we have raised an antibody against
the...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Cyclin D1 gene amplification in proliferating haemangiomaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Cyclin D1 gene amplification has been reported to promote abnormal endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis; these
findings constantly present in proliferating haemangiomas. The present study was conducted to evaluate cyclin D1 gene amplification
by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in tissue biopsies of 22 proliferating haemangiomas from 20 infants. Two significant
correlations of cyclin D1 gene amplification with the early onset and the duplication of proliferating haemangiomas have been
observed. Moreover, a significant correlation (P≤0.05) has been found between the treatment ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Distribution and morphological characteristics of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the ileocaecal junction of the guinea-pigEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The guinea-pig ileocaecal junction including the valve was studied by immunohistochemistry to clarify the organization of
the muscle bundles, the enteric nerves and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). This region clearly exhibited characteristic
features in the distribution patterns of ICC in a proximal to distal direction: (1) the thickened portion of the terminal
ileum immediately adjacent to the ileocecal junction contained many ICC throughout the circular (ICC-CM) and longitudinal
(ICC-LM) muscle layers, but ICC were few or absent in the rest of the ileum; (2) the ileal side of the valve cont...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated 4 (HCN4) protein is expressed in a subset of rat dorsal root and trigeminal ganglion neuronsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation channels are active at resting membrane potential and thus
are likely to contribute to neuronal excitability. Four HCN channel subunits (HCN1–4) have previously been cloned. The aim
of the current study was to investigate the immunoreactivity of HCN4 channel protein in rat trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root
ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. HCN4 was present in 9% of TG neurons and 4.7% of DRG neurons, it was distributed in a discrete
population of small-diameter neurons in the TG but was located in cells of all sizes in the DRG. Approxima...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Expression of non-neuronal cholinergic system in osteoblast-like cells and its involvement in osteogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Acetylcholine (ACh) is detected in a variety of non-neuronal cells where it acts as a para/autocrine signaling molecule controlling
basic cell functions such as proliferation, differentation, and maintenance of cell-cell contacts. ACh-synthesizing enzymes
include choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase (CarAT). ACh is released through vesicular exocytosis or
directly from the cytoplasm via organic cation transporters (OCT). Extracellular ACh binds to nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic
receptors (MR). Degradation of ACh is performed by acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (B...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Expression and localization of acrosin inhibitor in boar reproductive tractEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors play key roles in almost all physiological processes. Proteinase inhibitors are present
in all tissues and body fluids. They interfere with the activity of proteinases and thus maintain homeostasis. The main role
of proteinase inhibitors in the reproductive tract is the inactivation of prematurely released hydrolytic enzymes from damaged
spermatozoa and the protection of reproductive tracts and spermatozoa against proteolytic degradation. In the boar reproductive
system, acrosin inhibitors are found in seminal plasma and on spermatozoa. The amino acid sequence o...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Unexpected matrix diseases and novel therapeutic strategiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Within the framework of a broad definition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), this review discusses three genetic disorders
in which major pathogenetic features have been traced back to alterations in the levels/activities of matrix components. In
each case, disease-associated alterations are found both intra- and extracellularly. The nature of the ECM involvement is
surprising, offers an exciting therapeutic opportunity, and deepens our understanding of ECM-cell interactions. The first
of these disorders, cherubism, is a case of inflammatory bone loss in the jaws of children for reasons that are su...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Lactoferrin at basal side of mouse mammary epithelium derives in part from stroma cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Lactoferrin is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and neutrophils and is also present on both sides of the mammary
epithelium. We have studied the origin of lactoferrin detected in the various compartments of mouse mammary tissue. As revealed
by immunogold electron microscopy, lactoferrin is present in mammary epithelial cells and in the basal region of the epithelium,
associated with connective tissue and stroma cells at all physiological stages studied. A perturbation of protein synthesis
or transport after in vitro treatment with cycloheximide or brefeldin A does not abrogate lactoferrin l...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Borna disease virus infection alters synaptic input of neurons in rat dentate gyrusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Granule cells are major targets of entorhinal afferents terminating in a laminar fashion in the outer molecular layer of the
dentate gyrus. Since Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of newborn rats causes a progressive loss of granule cells in the
dentate gyrus, entorhinal fibres become disjoined from their main targets. We have investigated the extent to which entorhinal
axons react to this loss of granule cells. Unexpectedly, anterograde DiI tracing has shown a prominent layered termination
of the entorhinal projection, despite an almost complete loss of granule cells at 9 weeks after infecti...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Novel conserved oligodendrocyte surface epitope identified by monoclonal antibody 4860Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. They differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor
cells through several intermediate states that can be followed by characteristic morphological changes and the expression
of marker molecules. However, most oligodendrocyte lineage markers demarcate either the precursor or the differentiated oligodendrocyte
in restricted subcellular compartments. Here, we describe a novel marker of the oligodendrocyte lineage recognised by the
monoclonal antibody clone 4860. It selectively labels the surfaces of differentiated oligodendrocytes ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Discrete localization of various fatty-acid-binding proteins in various cell populations of mouse retinaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Various fatty acids (FAs) are involved as an energy source in many different functions in the organism. They are also essential
ingredients of membranous lipids and act as intracellular signaling molecules. Intracellular fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs)
comprise a family of soluble lipid-binding proteins with low molecular masses and solubilize long-chain FAs to allow intracellular
translocation in the aqueous cytosol. To clarify the functions of FABPs in the retina, which is remarkably rich in polyunsaturated
FAs, we have investigated the localization of B (brain type)-, H (heart type)-, E (epid...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Anatomical and histological profiling of orphan G-protein-coupled receptor expression in gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6J miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane receptors and regulate a variety of physiological
and disease processes. Although the roles of many non-odorant GPCRs have been identified in vivo, several GPCRs remain orphans
(oGPCRs). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest endocrine organ and is a promising target for drug discovery. Given
their close link to physiological function, the anatomical and histological expression profiles of benchmark GI-related GPCRs,
such as the cholecystokinin-1 receptor and GPR120, and 106 oGPCRs were investigated in the muc...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin enhances tight-junction barrier function of human nasal epithelial cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Epithelial-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) triggers dendritic cell (DC)-mediated Th2-type inflammatory responses
and is a master switch for allergic inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the expression and induction of TSLP and
the effects of TSLP on the tight-junctional barrier of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) have been investigated in order
to elucidate the role of TSLP in allergic rhinitis. We have found high expression of TSLP in the epithelium from patients
with allergic rhinitis with recruitment and infiltration of DCs. In vitro, TSLP is significantly produced in HNEC...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Dexamethasone effects on Nav1.6 in tooth pulp, dental nerves, and alveolar osteoclasts of adult ratsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Dexamethasone causes extensive physiologic reactions including the reduction of inflammation and pain. Here, we asked whether
it also affected dental or periodontal cells or dental innervation by altering voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 immunoreactivity (IR) or neural synaptophysin. Daily dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg) given for 1 week to rats caused 12-fold
increased intensity of Nav1.6-IR in dendritic pulpal cells of normal molars and incisors compared with vehicle treatment. These cells also co-localized
monocyte (ED-1) or dendritic cell (CD11b/Ox42) markers, and their location in molars ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: structure and distribution of sensilla on the flagellumEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The antennae are a critically important component of the ant’s highly elaborated chemical communication systems. However,
our understanding of the organization of the sensory systems on the antennae of ants, from peripheral receptors to central
and output systems, is poorly understood. Consequently, we have used scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy to create
virtually complete maps of the structure, numbers of sensory neurons, and distribution patterns of all types of external sensilla
on the antennal flagellum of all types of colony members of the carpenter ant Camponotus japonicus. Ba...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Angiogenic properties of adult human thymus fatEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The endogenous proangiogenic properties of adipose tissue are well recognized. Although the adult human thymus has long been
known to degenerate into fat tissue, it has never been considered as a potential source of angiogenic factors. We have investigated
the expression of diverse angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor A and B, angiopoietin 1, and tyrosine-protein
kinase receptor-2 (an angiopoietin receptor), and then analyzed their physiological role on endothelial cell migration and
proliferation, two relevant events in angiogenesis. The detection of the gene and protein...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Suprastructures of extracellular matrices: paradigms of functions controlled by aggregates rather than moleculesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Extracellular matrices (ECM) not only serve as structural scaffolds in organs and tissues, but also determine critical cellular
functions through cell-matrix interactions. These are mediated by cell surface receptors that recognise specific structural
features of ECMs and, hence, overall physical properties of the acellular environment. ECM structures are subject to hierarchic
organisations, which are tightly adapted to the functions of tissues and organs. Only a few specialised tasks are reserved
for isolated ECM macromolecules. Instead, molecular ECM components attain their prominent functions onl...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Mouse Odf2 localizes to centrosomes and basal bodies in adult tissues and to the photoreceptor primary ciliumEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Odf2 (outer dense fiber 2) is the major protein of the cytoskeleton of the sperm tail. In somatic cells, it is a component
of the centrosome in which it is located in the appendages of the mother centriole. Additionally, as shown previously by forced
expression in cultured cells, Odf2 localizes to centrioles, basal bodies, and primary cilia, which are all structurally and
functionally interconnected. The importance of Odf2 has become obvious by the absence of primary cilia in Odf2-deficient cells
and by the embryonic lethality of the Odf2 gene trap insertional mouse. However, nothing is known about ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Mutual regulation of the Drosophila disconnected (disco) and Distal-less (Dll) genes contributes to proximal-distal patterning of antenna and legEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report
that disco participates in a positive feedback loop with the Dll gene, a master regulator of ventral appendage development. Dll function is not only required for proper disco expression in antenna and leg discs, but is also sufficient for ectopic expression of disco in the developing retina and wing imaginal discs. Conversely, disco gene function is required for the maintenance of Dll expression. We show that Dll phenotypes are partially rescued by the up-regulation of disco expression in the Dll domain. Reduction in disco gene function disrupts antenna and leg development, and the phenotypes closely resemble th...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Basement membranes and human diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In 1990, the role of basement membranes in human disease was established by the identification of COL4A5 mutations in Alport’s syndrome. Since then, the number of diseases caused by mutations in basement membrane components has
steadily increased as has our understanding of the roles of basement membranes in organ development and function. However,
many questions remain as to the molecular and cellular consequences of these mutations and the way in which they lead to the
observed disease phenotypes. Despite this, exciting progress has recently been made with potential treatment options for some
of...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Localization of poly(A)+ RNA and mRNA export factors in interchromatin granule clusters of two-cell mouse embryosEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs), also known as nuclear speckles, splicing factor compartments, or SC35-domains, are
one of the most universal nuclear organelles of the cell. We have used two-cell mouse embryos as an experimental system to
study the possible association of poly(A)+ RNA and factors involved in RNA export (Tip-associated protein [TAP] and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B [hnRNP
A/B]) with IGCs. Poly(A)+ RNA was localized by microinjections of 2′-O-Me(U)22 probes conjugated with tetramethylrhodamine. RNA export proteins were detected by immunofluorescence confocal lase...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Interplay between cell adhesion and growth factor receptors: from the plasma membrane to the endosomesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The emergence of multicellular animals could only take place once evolution had produced molecular mechanisms for cell adhesion
and communication. Today, all metazoans express integrin-type adhesion receptors and receptors for growth factors. Integrins
recognize extracellular matrix proteins and respective receptors on other cells and, following ligand binding, can activate
the same cellular signaling pathways that are regulated by growth factor receptors. Recent reports have indicated that the
two receptor systems also collaborate in many other ways. Here, we review the present information concerni...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 31, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
ChAT and NOS in human myenteric neurons: co-existence and co-absenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Most myenteric neurons contain one of the two generating enzymes for major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: choline
acetyltransferase (ChAT) or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Two minor groups of myenteric neurons contain either both
enzymes or neither. Our study had two aims: (1) to compare the proportions of neurons stained for ChAT and/or NOS in human
small and large intestinal whole-mounts by co-staining with an antibody against the human neuronal protein Hu C/D (HU); (2)
to characterize these neurons morphologically by co-staining with a neurofilament (NF) antibody. In small i...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicataEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Ascidian hemolymph contains various types of blood cells (hemocytes), which are believed to be involved in defense mechanisms.
We have studied nitric-oxide (NO) synthase activity in hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate which cell types are involved in NO production, we first identified,
by electron microscopy, the types of hemocytes previously described, mainly by light microscopy, by others. Five types of
blood cells could be recognized in the hemolymph: granulocytes, hemoblasts, lymphocyte-like cells, morula cells, and pigment
cells. T...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Differential localization of α’ and β subunits of protein kinase CK2 during rat spermatogenesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Protein kinase CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase expressed in organisms from yeast to human and is composed of a catalytic
subunit (α or α’) and a regulatory subunit (β) forming a holoenzyme with the possible subunit combinations α2β2, α’2β2, or αα’β2. This kinase has been shown to be involved in embryonic development and gametogenesis. We have studied the expression of
the CK2α’ and CK2β subunits during the first wave of spermatogenesis and in adult testis in the rat. Western blot analyses
have demonstrated that both CK2α’ and CK2β are expressed in testes from birth to adultho...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Differential expression of Gnrh2, Gthβ, and Gthr genes in sterile triploids and fertile tetraploidsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the differential expression of Gnrh2, Gthβ, and Gthr in triploids and tetraploids is related to their sterility and bisexual fertility, respectively.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regular ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00441-009-0850-6Authors
Yu Long, Hunan Normal University Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences Changsha 410081 ChinaMin Tao, Hunan Normal University Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences Changsha 410081 ChinaShao...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
Role of the extracellular matrix in lymphocyte migrationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) exists in various biochemical and structural forms that can act either as a barrier to migrating
leukocytes, in the case of basement membranes, or provide a physical scaffold supporting or guiding migration (interstitial
matrix). This review focuses on basement membranes and our current knowledge of the way that leukocytes transmigrate this
protein barrier, with emphasis on T lymphocytes. Recent data suggest that the classical concept of cell-matrix adhesion requires
revision with respect to leukocyte-ECM interactions. Whereas specific receptors may be required for leu...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
CollagensEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The collagens represent a family of trimeric extracellular matrix molecules used by cells for structural integrity and other
functions. The three α chains that form the triple helical part of the molecule are composed of repeating peptide triplets
of glycine-X-Y. X and Y can be any amino acid but are often proline and hydroxyproline, respectively. Flanking the triple
helical regions (i.e., Col domains) are non-glycine-X-Y regions, termed non-collagenous domains. These frequently contain
recognizable peptide modules found in other matrix molecules. Proper tissue function depends on correctly as...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
LamininsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Laminins are cell adhesion molecules that comprise a family of glycoproteins found predominantly in basement membranes, which
are the thin sheets of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelial and endothelial cells and surround muscle cells, Schwann
cells, and fat cells. Many laminins self-assemble to form networks that remain in close association with cells through interactions
with cell surface receptors. Laminins are vital for many physiological functions. They are essential for early embryonic development
and organogenesis and have crucial functions in several tissues including muscle, nerve, ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
IntegrinsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that are evolutionary old and that play important roles during developmental and pathological
processes. The integrin family is composed of 24 αβ heterodimeric members that mediate the attachment of cells to the extracellular
matrix (ECM) but that also take part in specialized cell-cell interactions. Only a subset of integrins (8 out of 24) recognizes
the RGD sequence in the native ligands. In some ECM molecules, such as collagen and certain laminin isoforms, the RGD sequences
are exposed upon denaturation or proteolytic cleavage, allowing cells to bind these ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
The junctions that don’t fit the scheme: special symmetrical cell-cell junctions of their own kindEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Immunocytochemical, electron-, and immunoelectron-microscopical studies have revealed that, in addition to the four major
“textbook categories” of cell-cell junctions (gap junctions, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes), a broad
range of other junctions exists, such as the tiny puncta adhaerentia minima, the taproot junctions (manubria adhaerentia), the plakophilin-2-containing adherens junctions of mesenchymal or mesenchymally derived cell types including malignantly
transformed cells, the composite junctions (areae compositae) of the mature mammalian myocardium, the cortex adhae...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: journals
