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Cell phenotyping in saliva of individuals under psychological stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Total leukocytes, NK cells, B and T lymphocytes present in the saliva of medical students with or without stress were quantified by flow cytometry in 10,000 events. The symptoms of psychological stress were monitored with Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL). No significant differences were observed in the number of cells phenotyped in students with and those without psychological stress. However, a negative correlation was observed between the number of NK cells and T lymphocytes in students with stress (r=-0.8173; p=0.0058), suggesting that innate immunity is predominant in the adaptation phase. ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dos-Santos MC, Matos-Gomes N, Makimoto FH, Katsurayama M, Santana LL, Becker MA, Paredes-Garcia E, Bertho AL Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Lipoic acid attenuates high fat diet-induced chronic oxidative stress and immunosuppression in mice jejunum: a microarray analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A high fat diet (HFD) has long been linked to immune dysfunction, including diminished numbers or reactivity of lymphocytes, increased susceptibility to infection, inhibited lymphocytes function during antigen-specific responses and developed oxidative stress. Whereas the molecular mechanistic events associated with immune deficiency remain to be fully determined. Using the DNA microarray system, we analyzed the gene expression patterns of lymphocyte related signal transduction proteins in jejunum of C57BL/6 mice in order to gain insight on the possible molecular mechanism by which HFD induced oxidative stress effects ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cui J, Le G, Yang R, Shi Y Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

T lineage differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we co-cultured iPS cells on OP9 cells expressing the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (DL1), the iPS cells differentiated into T lymphocytes. In addition, in vitro stimulation of iPS cell-derived T lymphocytes resulted in secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Moreover, adoptive transfer of iPS cell-derived T lymphocytes into Rag-deficient mice reconstituted their T cell pools. These results indicate that iPS cells are able to follow the normal program of T cell differentiation. PMID: 19811778 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology)
Source: Cellular Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lei F, Haque R, Weiler L, Vrana KE, Song J Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Fast generation of dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells capable of inducing immune responses. DC are widely used as vaccine adjuvant in experimental clinical settings. DC-based vaccines are normally generated using a standard 8day DC protocol (SDDC). In attempts to shorten the vaccine production we have developed fast DC protocol by comparing two different fast DC protocols with SDDC. DC were evaluated by FACS analysis, and the optimal profile was considered: CD14(low), CD80(high), CD83(high), CD86(high), CCR7(high), HLA class I and II(high). FACS profiles were used as the selection criteria together with yield and mo...
Source: Cellular Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kvistborg P, Boegh M, Pedersen AW, Claesson MH, Zocca MB Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Qiliqiangxin regulates the balance between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and improves cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study investigated the effects of traditional Chinese drug Qiliqiangxin on cardiac function and the expression of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha/IL-10 in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Rats with MI were randomly divided into drug-treated group (MI-Q) and control group (MI-C) compared with sham-operated group (S). Rats in the MI-Q group were treated with crude drug of oral Qiliqiangxin 24h after operation at the dosage of 4g/kg/day for 4weeks, while in MI-C group and S group were treated with normal saline at the same time. Echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters, histopathologic changes and th...
Source: Cellular Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xiao H, Song Y, Li Y, Liao YH, Chen J Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Effect of particulate antigenic stimulation or in vivo administration of interleukin-6 on the level of steroidogenic enzymes in adrenal glands and lymphoid tissues of mice with parallel alteration in endogenous inflammatory cytokine level.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To study the effects of sheep red blood cells (SRBC), viable Escherichia coli inoculation and IL-6 administration on steroidogenesis, activities and expression of hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzymes (3betaHSD and 17betaHSD) were measured in lymphoid organs of control and infected mice after 3weeks treatment. Serum testosterone and cytokine levels were also estimated. Reduced expression of 3betaHSD4 was found in the spleen of treated groups as compared to control, whereas the 3betaHSD4 expression was increased in the thymus and lymph gland after stimulation. Reduced serum testosterone level was observed after antigeni...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 21, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mukhopadhyay R, Mishra MK, Basu A, Bishayi B Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

A novel in vivo anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory potential of a peptide analogue of thymulin (PAT) in the hippocampus: Evidence for the involvement of a NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism and mediation through the downregulation of the IkappaB-alpha/pIkappaB-alpha pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As fascinating a transcription factor it can potentially get to be, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a master immune regulator, is as intriguing. NF-kappaB is one member of a ubiquitously expressed family of Rel-related transcription factors that serve as critical regulators of many pro-inflammatory genes and immunomodulators. The ostensible association between NF-kappaB and thymulin, a nonapeptide anti-inflammatory lynchpin, remains to be unraveled. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of thymulin and thymulin-related peptides or analogues in vivo are not well characterized in the central nervou...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 21, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Haddad JJ Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

CpG-ODNs induces up-regulated expression of chemokine CCL9 in mouse macrophages and microglia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) interact with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 to activate macrophage/microglia in central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the potential involvement of the chemokine CCL9 and its receptor CCR1 in the effects of CpG-ODNs on macrophage/microglial cells. CpG-ODNs enhanced the expression of TLR9 mRNA of RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 microglia cells time dependently. The expression of CCL9 of macrophages/microglia showed different responsiveness upon stimulation with a variety of CpG-ODN sequences. The CpG-ODNs-mediated induction of CCL9 was TLR9/MyD88 dependent and asso...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ravindran C, Cheng YC, Liang SM Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of ARG protein expression in mature B cell lymphomas compared to non-neoplastic reactive lymph node.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we evaluated ARG protein expression in Follicular Lymphoma (FL), Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) and Diffused Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in comparison with non-neoplastic lymph nodes. Semi-quantitative fluorescent ImmunoHistoChemistry was applied on 14, 7 and 4 patients with DLBCL, FL and BL respectively, adding to 4 normal and 4 reactive lymph nodes. The mean ratio of ARG/GAPDH expression was significantly different (p<0.00) between lymphomas and control samples, with DLBCL having the highest ARG expression amongst all. Over expression of ARG was seen in FL and BL, with FL expressing statistically more ARG tha...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kabiri Z, Salehi M, Mokarian F, Mohajeri MR, Mahmoodi F, Keyhanian K, Doostan I, Ataollahi MR, Modarressi MH Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Ligation or cross-linking of CD40 has different effects on AGS gastric cancer cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A gastric cancer (GC) cell line, AGS, has high-level expression of CD40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member. CD40 is present on the surfaces of a large variety of cells, including B cells, endothelial cells, dendritic cells and some carcinoma cells, and delivers signals regulating diverse cellular responses, such as proliferation, differentiation, growth suppression, and cell death. In this research, we studied the effects of different forms of CD40 stimulation on AGS cells by flow cytometry, Western blotting and siRNA transfection. We found that different forms of CD40 stimulation, either recombinan...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qi CJ, Qian KQ, Ning YL, Ma HB, Wang SZ, Zhang XG Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Comparison of immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult human tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs derived from adult human tissues including bone marrow (BM), adipose tissues (AT), umbilical cord blood (CB), and cord Wharton's jelly (WJ). Using a multiple cytokine detection assay, we showed that there were no significant differences in levels of secreted factors from non-stimulated MSCs. We compared the immunosuppressive effect of BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, CB-MSCs, and WJ-MSCs on phytohemagglutinin-induced T-cell proliferation. AT-MSCs, CB-MSCs, and WJ-MSCs effectively suppressed mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation as effectively as ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yoo KH, Jang IK, Lee MW, Kim HE, Yang MS, Eom Y, Lee JE, Kim YJ, Yang SK, Jung HL, Sung KW, Kim CW, Koo HH Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Cytotoxic T cell immunity against the non-immunogenic, murine, hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa1-6 is directed towards the novel alternative form of macrophage colony stimulating factor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mouse Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were transduced with the membrane form of macrophage colony stimulating factor (mM-CSF). When mM-CSF transduced Hepa1-6 cells were injected subcutaneously into mice, these cells did not form tumors. The spleens of these immunized mice contained cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) that killed the unmodified Hepa1-6 cells. We show that the alternative form of macrophage colony stimulating factor (altM-CSF) induced CTL-mediated immunity against Hepa1-6 cells. AltM-CSF is restricted to the H-2D(b) allele. CTLs killed RMA-S cells loaded with exogenous altM-CSF peptide. Vacci...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ge L, Zhang JG, Samathanam CA, Delgado C, Tarbiyat-Boldaji M, Dan Q, Hoa N, Nguyen TV, Alipanah R, Pham JT, Sanchez R, Wepsic HT, Morgan TR, Jadus MR Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Peripheral CD4+CD8+cells are the activated T cells expressed granzyme B (GrB), Foxp3, interleukin 17 (IL-17), at higher levels in Th1/Th2 cytokines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was to characterize the CD4+CD8+ T cells. The results from human subjects showed that activated T cells were CD4+CD8+ T cells, comprised CD4(hi)CD8(lo), CD4(hi)CD8(hi) and CD4(lo)CD8(hi) subsets. They expressed CD62L(hi/lo), granzyme B (GrB), CD25, Foxp3, interleukin 17 (IL-17) and the cytokines of both Th1 and Th2, and had cytolytic function. These findings suggested that CD4+CD8+ T cells had over-lap function while they kept diversity, and that T cells could be divided into two major populations: activated and inactivated. Hence, the hypotheses of Th1/Th2, Treg and Th-17 might reflect the positive/negative fee...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xie D, Hai B, Xie X, Liu L, Ayello J, Ma X, Zhang J Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Preliminary in vivo efficacy studies of a recombinant rhesus anti-alpha(4)beta(7) monoclonal antibody.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent findings established that primary targets of HIV/SIV are lymphoid cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Focus has therefore shifted to T-cells expressing alpha(4)beta(7) integrin which facilitates trafficking to the GI tract via binding to MAdCAM-1. Approaches to better understand the role of alpha(4)beta(7)+ T-cells in HIV/SIV pathogenesis include their depletion or blockade of their synthesis, binding and/or homing capabilities in vivo. Such studies can ideally be conducted in rhesus macaques (RM), the non-human primate model of AIDS. Characterization of alpha(4)beta(7) expression on cell lineages in R...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pereira LE, Onlamoon N, Wang X, Wang R, Li J, Reimann KA, Villinger F, Pattanapanyasat K, Mori K, Ansari AA Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

In vitro activation and differentiation of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into HCV core- and NS3-specific armed effector cells: a new role for CD4+ T cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we determined the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to prime T cells in vitro to become effector cells upon stimulation with various TLR ligands or IFNalpha. T cell priming and activation was determined by proliferation and production of effector molecules, IFN-gamma and Granzyme B (GrB). HCV Core-specific T cells showed significant increase in proliferation, and the number of HCV Core-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and GrB was higher than control or NS3-specific T cells. These in vitro-primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibit the phenotype of just-activated and/or armed effector lymphocytes c...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Krishnadas DK, Li W, Kumar R, Tyrrell LJ, Agrawal B Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

TAM receptors are dispensable in the phagocytosis and killing of bacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we examine whether the TAM receptors are involved in the phagocytosis of bacteria. We found that macrophages lacking Mertk, Axl, Tyro3 or all three receptors were equally efficient in the phagocytosis of Gram-negative E. coli. Similarly, the phagocytosis of E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus bioparticles by macrophages lacking TAM receptors was equal to wild-type. In addition, we found that Mertk did not play a role in killing of extracellular E. coli or the replication status of intracellular Francisella tularensis. Thus, while TAM receptors may regulate signal transduction to bacterial components, they a...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Williams BJ, Craven RR, Earp HS, Kawula TH, Matsushima GK Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

TLR4-independent and PKR-dependent interleukin 1 receptor antagonist expression upon LPS stimulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of TLR4 knockout (TLR4(neg)) DCs and wild type (TLR4(pos)) DCs after stimulating with LPS. We found that the expression of various inflammatory genes by LPS were TLR4-independent. Among them, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn) was of particular interest since IL-1rn is a potent natural inhibitor of proinflammatory IL-1. Using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immunoblotting and ELISA, we demonstrated that IL-1rn was induced by DCs stimulated with LPS in the absence of TLR4. 2-Aminopurine, a pharmacological PKR inhibitor, completely abrogated LPS-induced expression of IL-1rn ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Na HY, Mazumdar K, Moon HJ, Chang S, Seong SY Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides promote phospholipase D dependent phagolysosome maturation and intracellular mycobacterial killing in M. tuberculosis infected type II alveolar epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides have been previously shown to enhance antimycobacterial response in human monocytes/macrophages. The present study reports evidences showing the capability of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to induce (i) host phospholipase D (PLD) activation, (ii) PLD dependent reactive oxygen intermediate production, (iii) PLD dependent phagolysosome maturation and (iv) PLD dependent intracellular mycobacterial killing in type II alveolar epithelial cells. These are the first evidences showing that alveolar epithelial cells may represent efficient effecter cells during primary innate antimycobacterial immune respo...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Greco E, Santucci MB, Quintiliani G, Papi M, De Spirito M, Fraziano M Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Heat shock protein 90 regulates the stability of MEKK3 in HEK293 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone required for the conformational maturation and function of certain signaling proteins. Hsp90 inhibitors cause the inactivation, destabilization and eventual degradation of Hsp90 client proteins through occupying the ATP/ADP binding pocket of Hsp90. In the present study, we found that Hsp90 interacted with MEKK3 in HEK293 cells. Hsp90 inhibitors reduced the level of endogenous MEKK3 in time- and dose-dependent manners, and this decrease was reversed by Hsp90 overexpression. In addition, Hsp90 RNAi destabilized MEKK3. A selective inhibitor of Hsp90, geldanamycin (GA)...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fang S, Fu J, Yuan X, Han C, Shi L, Xin Y, Luo L, Yin Z Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

A threshold level of TLR9 mRNA predicts cellular responsiveness to CpG-ODN in haematological and non-haematological tumour cell lines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The human toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) detects differences between microbial and host DNA, based on unmethylated deoxycytidyl deoxyguanosine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs, leading to activation of both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The synthetic TLR9 agonist, CpG-ODN, can substitute for microbial DNA in these responses, and is in clinical trials as an immunomodulatory agent in diseases as diverse as infections, cancer and allergic disorders. Human TLR9 is expressed on cells of haematopoietic origin (principally plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells), but has also been described as being expressed on a number of ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Assaf A, Esteves H, Curnow SJ, Browning MJ Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on microglial responses to lipopolysaccharide and beta amyloid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A challenge for studies involving microglia cultures is obtaining sufficient cells for downstream experiments. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) has been used to improve yield of microglia in culture. However, the effects of M-CSF on activation profiles of microglia cultures are still unclear. Microglia activation is characterised by upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and an inflammatory phenotype. The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether M-CSF supplementation alters microglial responses in resting and activated conditions. Microglia derived from mixed glia cultures and the BV-2 microglia cell l...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Vidyadaran S, Ooi YY, Subramaiam H, Badiei A, Abdullah M, Ramasamy R, Seow HF Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Histocompatibility testing of cultivated human bone marrow stromal cells - a promising step towards pre-clinical screening for allogeneic stem cell therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and only show minimal MHC-I expression. Despite MSCs demonstrating T-cell anergy, there are no established methods to evaluate their suitability. It is crucial to evaluate the complete mismatch of MHC compatibility in view of the hypo-immunogenic nature and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs with respect to their proliferation potential (PP) and utility in terms of passage number. With bone marrow (BM) being the major source of MSCs, the use of these cells becomes even more complicated, due to many other receptors coming to fore and triggerin...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Koppula PR, Chelluri LK, Polisetti N, Vemuganti GK Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Age-related changes in lck-Vav signaling pathways in mouse CD4 T cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Activation of lck-fyn kinases during T cell receptor signaling leads to Vav phosphorylation, activation of downstream targets including Rac1, and a transient decline in ezrin and moesin phosphorylation. We have shown that age increases Rac1 activity and lowers ezrin and moesin phosphorylation in resting mouse CD4 cells, changes that could be the results of alterations in lck-Vav signaling. Analysis of Vav in CD4 cells from old mice shows increases in the phosphorylation of two key regulatory residues, Tyr160 and Tyr174, suggesting enhancement of Vav GTPase activity. In addition, analysis of lck status also shows age-re...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Garcia GG, Miller RA Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Immune modulation through RNA interference-mediated silencing of CD40 in dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
RNA interference (RNAi) is an exciting mechanism for knocking down any target gene in transcriptional level. It is now clear that small interfering RNA (siRNA), a 19-21nt long dsRNA, can trigger a degradation process (RNAi) that specifically silences the expression of a cognate mRNA. Our findings in this study showed that down regulation of CD40 gene expression in dendritic cells (DCs) by RNAi culminated to immune modulation. Effective delivery of siRNA into DCs would be a reasonable method for the blocking of CD40 gene expression at the cell surface without any effect on other genes and cell cytotoxicity. The effects ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Karimi MH, Ebadi P, Pourfathollah AA, Soheili ZS, Samiee S, Ataee Z, Tabei SZ, Moazzeni SM Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Resistance and augmentation of innate immunity in mice exposed to starvation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mice were exposed to starvation for 3 days. Body temperature and various parameters were examined. By starvation, body temperature, blood glucose and ACTH decreased, especially on days 2 and 3. The level of corticosterone increased at this time. On the other hand, the number of lymphocytes yielded by the liver, spleen and thymus decreased from day 1 to 3. The change of the distribution of lymphocyte subsets was unique because NK, NKT and extrathymic T cells were stress-resistant in the liver. Conventional T and B cells were stress-sensitive. Reflecting the increased proportion of NK and NKT cells, NK and NKT activities...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shen J, Ren H, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Watanabe M, Kainuma E, Inoue M, Kuwano Y, Abo T Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Phenotypic differences between mice deficient in XIAP and SAP, two factors targeted in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mutations in the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) have recently been identified in patients with the rare genetic disease, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), which was previously thought to be solely attributable to mutations in a distinct gene, SAP. To further understand the roles of these two factors in the pathogenesis of XLP, we have compared mice deficient in Xiap with known phenotypes of Sap-null mice. We show here that in contrast to Sap-deficient mice, animals lacking Xiap have apparently normal NKT cell development and no apparent defect in humoral responses to T cell-dependent antigens. Howeve...
Source: Cellular Immunology - September 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rumble JM, Oetjen KA, Stein PL, Schwartzberg PL, Moore BB, Duckett CS Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

The role of inflammatory cytokines and NF-kappaB/MAPK signaling pathways in the evolution of familial Mediterranean fever: Current clinical perspectives and potential therapeutic approaches.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the social and health care problems for several populations that is known as a historically endemic disease of inflammatory nature. FMF, albeit a rare disorder, is characterized by recurrent fevers and painful inflammation of various body parts, especially the abdomen, lungs, and joints. FMF is typically characterized by inflammation of the abdominal lining (peritonitis), inflammation of the lining surrounding the lungs (pleurisy), painful, swollen joints (arthralgia and occasionally arthritis), and a characteristic ankle rash, a condition that is referred to as recurrent po...
Source: Cellular Immunology - August 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Haddad JJ Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Effect of betamethasone phosphate loaded polymeric nanoparticles on a murine asthma model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although inhaled steroids are the treatment of first choice to control asthma, administration of systemic steroids is required for treatment of asthmatic exacerbation and intractable asthma. To improve efficacy and reduce side effects, we examine the effects of betamethasone disodium phosphate (BP) encapsulated in biocompatible, biodegradable blended nanoparticles (stealth nanosteroids) on a murine model of asthma. These stealth nanosteroids were found to accumulate at the site of airway inflammation and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Significant decreases in BALF eosinophil number were maintained for 7days with a...
Source: Cellular Immunology - August 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Matsuo Y, Ishihara T, Ishizaki J, Miyamoto KI, Higaki M, Yamashita N Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Enhancement of Th1 immune response by CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells loaded with heat shock proteins enriched tumor extract in tumor-bearing mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) as professional antigen presenting cells has opened up new possibilities for their use in the development of tumor vaccines. We investigated the effect of the CD8alpha(+) DCs loaded with heat-treated tumor lysate (HTL) as a vaccine in tumor immunotherapy. The HTL loaded CD8alpha(+) DCs, TL loaded CD8alpha(+) DCs and unloaded CD8alpha(+) DCs were subcutaneously injected in the fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. The splenocyte proliferation and the shifting of Th1/Th2 response were measured. The results indicated a significant increase in the lymphocytes proliferation and the IFN-gamma prod...
Source: Cellular Immunology - August 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Azadmehr A, Pourfathollah AA, Amirghofran Z, Hassan ZM, Moazzeni SM Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Targeted NF-kappaB inhibition of asthmatic serum-mediated human monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation in a transendothelial trafficking model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transendothelial trafficking model mimics in vivo differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells (DC). The serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus promotes the differentiation of monocytes into mature DC. We have shown that selective inhibition of NF-kappaB by adenoviral gene transfer of a novel mutated IkappaBalpha (AdIkappaBalphaM) in DC contributes to T cell tolerance. Here we demonstrated for the first time that asthmatic serum facilitated human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) maturation associated with increased NF-kappaB activation in this model. Furthermore, selective blockade of NF-kappaB by AdIkapp...
Source: Cellular Immunology - July 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gu XY, Zhou LF, Zhang MS, Dai WJ, Chen SY, He SH, Ji XH, Yin KS Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes are induced to cell death by a small dose of puromycin via ER stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When the CD4(+)CD8(+) thymic lymphoma cells were treated with puromycin, we found that most of the cells died at 0.3-1mug/ml of puromycin within 24h. However, cell death was greatly reduced when the dose of puromycin was increased. Similar dose-pattern of cell death was observed in thymocytes and the sensitivity to puromycin was greater in CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes than CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes. The induction of apoptosis was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and to some extent by transfection of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 genes. Expression of GRP78 was up-regulated after treatment with a small dose of puromy...
Source: Cellular Immunology - July 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Oguma T, Ono T, Kajiwara T, Sato M, Miyahira Y, Arino H, Yoshihara Y, Tadakuma T Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

CD28 and ICOS play complementary non-overlapping roles in the development of Th2 immunity in vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous work has shown ICOS can function independently of CD28, but whether either molecule can compensate for the other in vivo is not known. Since ICOS is a potent inducer of Th2 cytokines and linked to allergy and elevated serum IgE in humans, we hypothesized that augmenting ICOS costimulation in murine allergic airway disease may overcome CD28 deficiency. While ICOS was expressed on T cells from CD28(-/-) mice, Th2-mediated airway inflammation was not induced in CD28(-/-) mice by increased ICOS costimulation. Further, we determined if augmenting CD28 costimulation could compensate for ICOS deficiency. ICOS(-/-) mi...
Source: Cellular Immunology - July 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shilling RA, Clay BS, Tesciuba AG, Berry EL, Lu T, Moore TV, Bandukwala HS, Tong J, Weinstock JV, Flavell RA, Horan T, Yoshinaga SK, Welcher AA, Cannon JL, Sperling AI Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

The GITRL-GITR system alters TLR-4 expression on DC during fungal infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily influencing natural and acquired immune response. GITR is activated by its ligand, GITRL, mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells. Previously, we demonstrated that GITR plays a role in regulating immune response to Candida albicans. Here we analyzed whether GITRL-GITR interaction influences the recognition of C. albicans by regulating the expression of pattern recognition receptors on splenic dendritic cells. Our report demonstrates that under physiological conditions and during candidiasis the GITR...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Vecchiarelli A, Pericolini E, Gabrielli E, Agostini M, Bistoni F, Nocentini G, Cenci E, Riccardi C Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

IL-2 and antigen dose differentially regulate perforin- and FasL-mediated cytolytic activity in antigen specific CD4+ T cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CD4 T cell effectors can promote survival against lethal influenza virus via perforin mediated cytolytic mechanisms; however, our understanding of how naïve CD4 cells differentiate into class II restricted killers remains obscure. To address this, TCR Tg CD4 cells were activated in vitro and examined for their ability to lyse target cells. We found that cytokine polarized CD4 T cell effectors displayed cytolytic activity with the hierarchy Th0>Th1>Th2. Further, IL-4 inhibited the generation of cytotoxic CD4 cells. LPS stimulated B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) both induced potent cytol...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Brown DM, Kamperschroer C, Dilzer AM, Roberts DM, Swain SL Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Altered T cell costimulation during chronic hepatitis B infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
T-cell response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) is vigorous, polyclonal and multi-specific in patients with acute hepatitis who ultimately clear the virus, whereas it is narrow and inefficient in patients with chronic disease, where inappropriate early activation events could account for viral persistence. We investigated the induction of activation receptors and cytokine production in response to HBcAg and crosslinking of CD28 molecules, in CD4+ cells from a group of chronically infected patients (CIP) and naturally immune subjects (NIS). We demonstrated that CD4+ cells from CIP did not increase levels of CD40L and CD69 fo...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Barboza L, Salmen S, Peterson DL, Montes H, Colmenares M, Hernández M, Berrueta-Carrillo LE, Berrueta L Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Ibuprofen and other widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit antibody production in human cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) function mainly through inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (Cox-1 and Cox-2). Unlike Cox-1, Cox-2 is considered an inducible and pro-inflammatory enzyme. We previously reported that Cox-2 is upregulated in activated human B lymphocytes and using Cox-2 selective inhibitors that Cox-2 is required for optimal antibody synthesis. It is not known whether commonly used non-prescription and non-Cox-2 selective drugs also influence antibody synthesis. Herein, we tested a variety of Cox-1/Cox-2 non-selective NSAIDs, namely ibuprofen, tylenol, aspirin and naproxen...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bancos S, Bernard MP, Topham DJ, Phipps RP Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Lethal pulmonary infection with Francisella novicida causes depletion of alphabeta T cells from lungs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, mice infected intranasally with Francisella novicida showed a depletion of alphabeta T cells in lungs while exhibiting large accumulations of other leukocytes correlating with disease severity. The depleted T cells were predominantly CD4(+). The alphabeta T cells in infected mice showed significantly higher levels of Annexin V binding than those in mock control mice suggesting increased apoptosis of T cells. These results suggest that lack of transition from an innate to adaptive host response is associated with lethality of respiratory tularemia. PMID: 19356746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology)
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sharma J, Li Q, Mishra BB, Teale JM Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

HIV-1 transforms the monocyte plasma membrane proteome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
How HIV-1 affects the monocyte proteome is incompletely understood. We posit that one functional consequence of virus-exposure to the monocyte is the facilitation of protein transformation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane (PM). To test this, cell surface labeling with CyDye fluorophores followed by 2 dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed. Fifty three percent of HIV-1 induced proteins were PM associated. These were linked, in large measure, to cellular activation and oxidative stress. They included, but not limited to,...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kadiu I, Wang T, Schlautman JD, Dubrovsky L, Ciborowski P, Bukrinsky M, Gendelman HE Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are under investigation in the clinic as a new class of anti-cancer therapeutics. While recent studies have also suggested their potential as inhibitors of a wide spectrum of inflammatory reactions, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of these compounds is not fully defined. We show here that the histone deacetylase inhibitors MS-275 and SAHA induce the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) from anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated human CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. These Tregs express the regulatory T cell-associated transcription factor Foxp3 and display suppressive activity against CD4(+)C...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucas JL, Mirshahpanah P, Haas-Stapleton E, Asadullah K, Zollner TM, Numerof RP Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Low dose HIV-1 Tat improves the defective nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity of dendritic cells from persons with spinal cord injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Deficits of immune function may be involved in the infections associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous report showed that the impaired maturation potential of dendritic cells (DCs) contributes to immune defect in persons with SCI, especially in those with tetraplegia. To evaluate the roles of cell signaling in the impaired maturation potential of DCs, we assessed the phenotypic and functional maturation potential of DCs in 20 subjects with trauma-induced stable SCI and their neurologically intact healthy control in the presence of DC stimulators, including HIV-1 Tat protein (Tat). Our results showed the tetra...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hsieh SM, Wang YH, Chang SC, Huang TS Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Interleukin-15 expression affects homeostasis and function of B cells through NK cell-derived interferon-gamma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine important for the development, maturation, and function of many cells of the immune system including NK, NKT, gammadeltaT, and CD8(+) T cells. The relationship between IL-15 and B lymphocytes however, is not well characterized and is the focus of our study. Previous in vitro reports have shown that IL-15 increases proliferation of B lymphocytes and increases antibody secretion however, this relationship remains inadequately defined in vivo. The focus of this study was to examine the role of IL-15 in B cell homeostasis and function in vivo using mice that either over express IL-15 (I...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gill N, Paltser G, Ashkar AA Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Selective regulation of interleukin-10 production via Janus kinase pathway in murine conventional dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the role of JAKs in regulation of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in murine conventional dendritic cells (DCs). Highly purified lipopolysaccharide (upLPS) combined with imiquimod (IQ) synergistically induced IL-10 production by DCs, while each ligand alone showed a slight effect on the IL-10 production. Marked phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was detected in DCs following upLPS plus IQ stimulation. Blocking the JAK pathway by JAK inhibitor I (JAKi) resulted in significant inhibition of IL-10 production by the DCs. However, JAKi showed negligible effect on the DC pro...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hirata N, Yanagawa Y, Iwabuchi K, Onoé K Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

CHIP facilitates ubiquitination of inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes its proteasomal degradation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we showed that iNOS was ubiquitinated and degraded dependent on CHIP (COOH terminus of heat shock protein 70-interacting protein), a chaperone-dependent ubiquitin ligase. The results from overexpression and RNAi experiments demonstrated that CHIP decreased the protein level of iNOS, shortened the half-life of iNOS and attenuated the production of NO. Furthermore, CHIP promoted ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of iNOS by associating with iNOS. These results suggest that CHIP plays an important role in regulation iNOS activity. PMID: 19362296 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology)
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chen L, Kong X, Fu J, Xu Y, Fang S, Hua P, Luo L, Yin Z Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

TLR2 and its co-receptors determine responses of macrophages and dendritic cells to lipoproteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) signals through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to regulate antigen presenting cells (APCs). Mtb lipoproteins, including LpqH, LprA, LprG and PhoS1, are TLR2 agonists, but their co-receptor requirements are unknown. We studied Mtb lipoprotein-induced responses in TLR2(-/-), TLR1(-/-), TLR6(-/-), CD14(-/-) and CD36(-/-) macrophages. Responses to LprA, LprG, LpqH and PhoS1 were completely dependent on TLR2. LprG, LpqH, and PhoS1 were dependent on TLR1, but LprA did not require TLR1. None of the lipoproteins required TLR6, although a redundant contribution by TLR6 cannot be excluded. CD14 cont...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Drage MG, Pecora ND, Hise AG, Febbraio M, Silverstein RL, Golenbock DT, Boom WH, Harding CV Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Engagement of transgenic Ly49A inhibits mouse CD4 cell activation by disrupting T cell receptor, but not CD28, signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Islet specific CD4 cells expressing inhibitory receptors may be a useful therapeutic tool for treating type 1 diabetes (T1D). Engagement of transgenic Ly49A inhibits CD4 cell activation and delays onset of T1D in mice. However, in vitro studies suggest the inhibitory effect of Ly49A is incomplete. Here we report that following simultaneous TCR and Ly49A engagement, phosphorylation of Zap70, Erk1/2 and c-Jun were significantly diminished. Kinetic studies indicated that Ly49A did not simply delay activation but had a long-lasting effect. In contrast, when only costimulatory signals were provided through CD28, Ly49A engag...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Leavenworth JW, Pauza ME Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Defects of mitogen-activated protein kinase in ICOS signaling pathway lead to CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell dysfunction in patients with active SLE.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, hypoproliferation and defects of effectors and cytokines in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells via ICOS costimulation were found in active SLE patients, relative to normal individuals and RA patient controls. Exogenous IL-2 can partially reverse those defects. In addition, low level of ERK phosphorylation in ICOS-mediated signaling pathway was discovered in lupus CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. When blocked with ERK-specific chemical inhibitor PD98059, cell proliferation and IL-2 production via ICOS costimulation from both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells will be severely inhibited. These findings confirmed the dysfunction of bo...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gang C, Jiahui Y, Huaizhou W, Qing C, Dongbao Z, Qian S Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Tec kinases regulate actin assembly and cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated human neutrophils via JNK activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The acute inflammatory response involves neutrophils wherein recognition of bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activates intracellular signaling pathways. We have shown that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH(2) terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by LPS in neutrophils and plays a critical role in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression and actin assembly. As the Tec family kinases are expressed in neutrophils and regulate activation of the MAPKs in other cell systems, we hypothesized that the Tec kinases are an upstream component of the signaling pathway leading to LPS-i...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zemans RL, Arndt PG Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Cytoplasmic domain of human Fcalpha/mu receptor is required for ligand internalization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Fcalpha/mu receptor (Fcalpha/microR), a type I transmembrane protein, is an immunoglobulin Fc receptor for both IgA and IgM. Its functions in immune defense are not clear at present. In this work, human Fcalpha/microR was expressed in CHO, 293T, and COS-7 cells to study its biochemical functions. Fcalpha/microR expressed by CHO and 293T was only in monomer form in cytoplasma and the monomeric receptor could not bind IgA or IgM. In comparison, Fcalpha/microR expressed by COS-7 cells had both monomer and dimer forms. The binding assay showed that Fcalpha/microR expressed by COS-7 cells could bind IgM strongly and IgA...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yang L, Shen L, Shao Y, Zhao Q, Zhang W Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

The preventive effect of adjuvant-free administration of TNF-PADRE autovaccine on collagen-II-induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of adjuvant-free administration of the autovaccine on collagen-type-II-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) in mice. Our results showed that the vaccine could ameliorate the symptoms of CIA in mice. In addition, this study suggests that it is possible to control the antibody levels in mice immunized with mTNF-PADRE without adjuvant. PMID: 19393605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology)
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wan Y, Yuan S, Xue X, Li M, Qin X, Zhang C, Wang W, Jiang C, Wu S, Liu Y, Zhu W, Ran Y, Zhang Z, Han W, Zhang Y Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals

Microbial tolerance in secondary peritonitis is dose dependent.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Local microbial tolerance was investigated in a murine model of peritonitis. Peritoneal bacterial burden and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were determined at different times, within 48h after infection. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from naïve mice or from mice 48h after infection and underwent ex vivo stimulation with different concentrations of Klebsiella. Cytokine secretion was determined in the supernatants. Peritoneal bacteria concentrations, remained relatively steady between 24h (median: 5.04 log CFU) and 48h (median: 5.19 log CFU) after infection. Peritoneal cytokine concentrations peaked ea...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lenz AM, Turina M, Alard P, Gardner SA, Cheadle WG Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: journals