Porphyromonas gingivalis induces the production of interleukin ‐31 by human mast cells, resulting in dysfunction of the gingival epithelial barrier
AbstractInterleukin (IL) ‐31 is important for innate immunity in mucosal tissues and skin, and increased IL‐31 expression participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the skin, airways, lungs, and intestines. We investigated the contribution of mast cells to the induction of IL‐31 produc tion following infection with the periodontal pathogen,Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that oral infection withP.  gingivalis increased IL ‐31 expression in the gingival tissues of wild‐type mice but not in those of mast cell‐deficient mice. TheP.  gingivalis‐induced IL‐31 production by h...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 28, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hiroyuki Tada, Takashi Nishioka, Aya Takase, Kento Numazaki, Kanan Bando, Kenji Matsushita Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Chlamydia trachomatis Impairs Host Base Excision Repair by Downregulating Polymerase Beta
AbstractChlamydia trachomatis infections have been associated with ovarian cancer by several epidemiological studies. Here, we show thatC. trachomatis infected primary human ovarian epithelial cells display elevated oxidative DNA damage. Base excision repair, an important cellular mechanism to repair oxidative DNA lesions, was impaired in infected primary ovarian and in several other types of cells. Polymerase β was downregulated in infected cells associated with upregulation of microRNA‐499a (miR‐499a). Stabilizing polymerase β by inhibiting miR‐499a significantly improved repair. Moreover, downregulation of tumor...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 24, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nitish Gulve, Bhupesh K. Prusty, Thomas Rudel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Bartonella quintana Type IV secretion effector BepE induced selective autophagy by conjugation with K63 poly ‐ubiquitin chain
AbstractBartonellaeffectorproteins (named Beps) are substrates of VirB type IV secretion system for translocation into host cells evolved inBartonella spp. Among these, BepE has been shown to protect cells from fragmentation effects triggered by other Beps and to promotein vivo dissemination of bacteria from the dermal site of inoculation to the bloodstream. Bacterial pathogens secreted effectors to modulate the interplay with host autophagy, either to combat autophagy to escape its bactericidal effect, or to exploit autophagy to benefit intracellular replication. Here we reported a distinct phenotype that selective autoph...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 21, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chunyan Wang, Jiaqi Fu, Meng Wang, Yuhao Cai, Xiuguo Hua, Yuming Du, Zhibiao Yang, Yan Li, Zhenxia Wang, Huiming Sheng, Na Yin, Xiaoyun Liu, Jane E. Koehler, Congli Yuan Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

MiRNA ‐218 regulates osteoclast differentiation and inflammation response in periodontitis rats through Mmp9
AbstractPeriodontitis a multiple infection and inflammatory disease featured by connective tissue homeostasis loss, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the mediation of a large ‐scale of pathological processes. Here we show that miRNA‐218 provides protective effect on periodontitis via regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (Mmp9). This pathway is aberrant in periodontium from rats with periodontitis and HPLPCs stimulated by LPS, with downregulation of miR‐218 an d higher levels of Mmp9 compared to periodontium from healthy rats and cells without stimulation. ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 16, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jie Guo, Xuemin Zeng, Jie Miao, Chunpeng Liu, Fulan Wei, Dongxu Liu, Zhong Zheng, Kang Ting, Chunling Wang, Yi Liu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Photorhabdus luminescens Tc toxin is inhibited by the protease inhibitor MG132 and activated by protease cleavage resulting in increased binding to target cells
AbstractPhotorhabdus luminescens Tc toxins consist of the cell ‐binding component TcA, the linker component TcB and the enzyme component TcC. TccC3, a specific isoform of TcC, ADP‐ribosylates actin and causes redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton. TccC5, another isoform of TcC, ADP‐ribosylates and activates Rho proteins. Here, we report that the protea some inhibitor MG132 blocks the intoxication of cells by Tc toxin. The inhibitory effect of MG132 was not observed, when the ADP‐ribosyltransferase domain of the TcC component was introduced into target cells by protective antigen (PA), which is the binding and de...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 15, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: G. Stefan Ost, Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a, Alexander E. Lang, Klaus Aktories Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

LAMTOR2/LAMTOR1 complex is required for TAX1BP1 ‐mediated xenophagy
In this study, we identified LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR1, also named p14 and p18, respectively, as previously unrecognized xenophagy regulators that modulate the autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 in response to GAS andSalmonella invasion. LAMTOR1 was localized to bacterium ‐containing endosomes, and LAMTOR2 was recruited to bacterium‐containing damaged endosomes in a LAMTOR1‐dependent manner. LAMTOR2 was dispensable for the formation of autophagosomes targeting damaged membrane debris surrounding cytosolic bacteria, but it was critical for autolysosome formation , and LAMTOR2 interacted with the autophagy receptors NBR1, TAX1BP1, a...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ching ‐Yu Lin, Takashi Nozawa, Atsuko Minowa‐Nozawa, Hirotaka Toh, Chihiro Aikawa, Ichiro Nakagawa Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Host membrane glycosphingolipids and lipid microdomains facilitate Histoplasma capsulatum internalization by macrophages.
AbstractRecognition and internalization of intracellular pathogens by host cells is a multifactorial process, involving both stable and transient interactions. The plasticity of the host cell plasma membrane is fundamental in this infectious process. Here, the participation of macrophage lipid microdomains during adhesion and internalization of the fungal pathogenHistoplasma capsulatum (Hc) was investigated. An increase in membrane lateral organization, which is characteristic of lipid microdomains, was observed during the first steps of Hc ‐macrophage interaction. Cholesterol enrichment in macrophage membranes around Hc...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Allan J. Guimar ães, Mariana Duarte Cerqueira, Daniel Zamith‐Miranda, Pablo H. Lopez, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Bruno Pontes, Nathan B. Viana, Carlos M. DeLeon‐Rodriguez, Diego Conrado Pereira Rossi, Arturo Casadevall, Andre M.O. Gomes, Luis R. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Processing and targeting of Cathepsin L (TbCatL) to the Lysosome in Trypanosoma brucei
AbstractCathepsin L (TbCatL) is an essential lysosomal thiol protease in African trypanosomes. TbCatL is synthesized as two precursor forms (P/X) that are activated to mature form (M) with the removal of the prodomain upon arrival in the lysosome. We examine TbCatL trafficking in a novel system: truncated TbCatL reporter without the C ‐terminal domain (CTD) (TbCatL∆) ectopically expressed in an RNAi cell‐line targeting the CTD/3’UTR of endogenous mRNA. TbCatL∆ is synthesized as P’/X’/M’ species, localizes to the lysosome, and rescues the lethal TbCatL RNAi phenotype. Inactive TbCatLΔ:C150A is only processe...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Carolina Macedo Koeller, James D. Bangs Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Porphyromonas gingivalis induces the production of IL ‐31 by human mast cells, resulting in dysfunction of the gingival epithelial barrier
AbstractInterleukin (IL) ‐31 is important for innate immunity in mucosal tissues and skin, and increased IL‐31 expression participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the skin, airways, lungs, and intestines. We investigated the contribution of mast cells to the induction of IL‐31 produc tion following infection with the periodontal pathogen,Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that oral infection withP. gingivalis increased IL ‐31 expression in the gingival tissues of wild‐type mice, but not in those of mast cell‐deficient mice. TheP. gingivalis‐induced IL‐31 production by huma...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 13, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hiroyuki Tada, Takashi Nishioka, Aya Takase, Kento Numazaki, Kanan Bando, Kenji Matsushita, Haruhiko Takada Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Epithelial Invasion by Salmonella Typhi using STIV ‐Met Interaction
AbstractTyphoid is a life ‐threatening febrile illness, which affects ~24.2 million people worldwide and is caused by the intracellular bacteria,Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). Intestinal epithelial invasion byS. Typhi is essential for the establishment of successful infection and is traditionally believed to depend onSalmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI1) encoded Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS ‐1). We had previously reported that bacterial outer membrane protein T2942/STIV functions as a standalone invasin and contributes to pathogenesis ofS. Typhi by promoting epithelial invasion independent of T3SS ‐1 (Cell Microbiol,...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 13, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rimi Chowdhury, Sayan Das, Atri Ta, Santasabuj Das Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Cellular Microbiology)
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 12, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research

Klebsiella pneumoniae disassembles host microtubules in lung epithelial cells
AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae raises significant concerns to the health care industry as these microbes are the source of widespread contamination of medical equipment, cause pneumonia as well as other multi ‐organ metastatic infections and have gained multi‐drug resistance. Despite soaring mortality rates, the host cell alterations occurring during these infections remain poorly understood. Here, we show that duringin vitro andin vivo K. pneumoniae infections of lung epithelia, microtubules are severed and then eliminated. This destruction does not require direct association ofK. pneumoniae with the host cells, as mic...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 11, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Michael Dominic Chua, Ci ‐Hong Liou, Alexander Constantine Bogdan, Hong T. Law, Kuo‐Ming Yeh, Jung‐Chung Lin, L. Kristopher Siu, Julian Andrew Guttman Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Shigella effector IpaH4.5 targets 19S regulatory particle subunit RPN13 in the 26S proteasome to dampen cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation
AbstractSubversion of antigen ‐specific immune responses by intracellular pathogens is pivotal for successful colonization. Bacterial pathogens, includingShigella, deliver effectors into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS) in order to manipulate host innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby promoting infection. However, the strategy for subverting antigen ‐specific immunity is not well understood. Here, we show thatShigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigen H (IpaH) 4.5, a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase effector family, targets the proteasome regulatory particle non ‐ATPase 13 (RPN13) and indu...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 10, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ryota Otsubo, Hitomi Mimuro, Hiroshi Ashida, Jun Hamazaki, Shigeo Murata, Chihiro Sasakawa Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Neutrophils and IL17A mediate flagellar hook protein FlgE ‐induced mouse acute lung inflammation
In conclusion, we propose that the proinflammatory activities of FlgE are mediated by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and IL17A/IL17R expression, and by promoting a ROS‐independent NETs formation. (Source: Cellular Microbiology)
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 9, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuanyuan Li, Ying Shen, Dandan Lin, Hongbo Zhang, Ting Wang, Haiyan Liu, Yiqiang Wang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Virulence ‐associated protein A from Rhodococcus equi is an intercompartmental pH‐neutralising virulence factor
AbstractProfessional phagocytic cells such as macrophages are a central part of innate immune defence. They ingest microorganisms into membrane ‐bound compartments (phagosomes), which acidify and eventually fuse with lysosomes, exposing their contents to a microbicidal environment. Gram‐positiveRhodococcus equi can cause pneumonia in young foals and in immunocompromised humans. The possession of a virulence plasmid allows them to subvert host defence mechanisms and to multiply in macrophages. Here, we show that the plasmid ‐encoded and secreted virulence‐associated protein A (VapA) participates in exclusion of the ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 9, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kristine Bargen, Mirella Scraba, Ina Kr ämer, Maren Ketterer, Christian Nehls, Sina Krokowski, Urska Repnik, Michaela Wittlich, Anna Maaser, Pia Zapka, Madeleine Bunge, Martin Schlesinger, Gitta Huth, Annette Klees, Philipp Hansen, Andreas Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research