Cellular and Molecular NeurobiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6

280 records returned

GABAergic Signaling Increases Through the Postnatal Development to Provide the Potent Inhibitory Capability for the Maturing Demands of the Prefrontal Cortex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The developmental profile of the firing patterns and construction of synapse connection were studied in LTS interneurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rats with age (from P7 to P30). We used whole cell patch-clamp recordings to characterize electrophysiological properties of LTS interneurons in PFC at different age stages, including the action potentials (APs), short-term plasticity (STP), evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs), spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC). The developmental profile of LTS interneurons in our research showed two...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cui J, Wang F, Wang K, Xiang H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Erratum to: Drug Abuse in China: Past, Present and Future.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19916046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lu L, Fang Y, Wang X Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Systemic Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Immunoreactivity in Endothelium and Increases Microglia in the Mouse Hippocampus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we observed the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neurodegeneration and immune response in the hippocampus. LPS is a gram-negative bacterial cell surface proteoglycan and known as a bacterial endotoxin. For this, we investigated the optimal concentration of LPS influencing the ICR mouse hippocampus to measure the LPS receptor, e.g., toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), expression in mouse hippocampal homogenates. TLR4 expression was significantly and prominently increased in the hippocampal homogenates of the LPS (1 mg/kg)-treated group. Next, we examined pro-inflammatory response in the hippocampus using cyclo...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chung DW, Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Kim DW, Chung JY, Lee CH, Choi JH, Choi SY, Youn HY, Lee IS, Won MH Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Adult Consequences of Post-weaning High Fat Feeding on the Limbic-HPA Axis of Female Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study analyzed the adult consequences of post-weaning fat feeding on limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis components and on metabolic regulators of female rats. Wistar rats were fed either a high fat (HF) diet or the normal chow from weaning to puberty or to 3 months of age. Additional groups crossed their diets at puberty onset. Plasma leptin, insulin, and corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and their brain receptors by western blot analysis. Adult HF-fed animals though not overweight, had higher corticosterone and reduced glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hypothalamus and hippoc...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Boukouvalas G, Gerozissis K, Kitraki E Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Down-Regulated GABAergic Expression in the Olfactory Bulb Layers of the Mouse Deficient in Monoamine Oxidase B and Administered With Amphetamine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explores primarily the role of the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) in the regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase(67) (GAD(67)) expression in distinct layers of main olfactory bulb (OlfB), which links the limbic system. Moreover, the response of GAD(67) was investigated to amphetamine perturbation in the absence of MAOB activity. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed on OlfB sections prepared from the adult wild type (WT) and the MAOB gene-knocked-out (KO) mice after receiving repeated intraperitoneal injections (two doses per day, total seven doses) of saline or amphetamine, 5 mg/kg. The levels of ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yin HS, Chen K, Shih JC, Tien TW Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Murine Spinal Cord Transcriptome Analysis Following Reduction of Prevalent Myelin cDNA Sequences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
From 1,000 randomly selected colonies from cDNA libraries derived from murine spinal cord subtracted against white matter by means of suppression subtractive hybridization, 220 clones were identified as differentially expressed by dot blot analysis. Sequence analysis by the BLAST programming identified 140 unique genes. (1) The percentage of known sequences from myelin and other glial sources was reduced by approximately 75% over previous, similar subtractions employing visual cortex as the driver. (2) Differentially expressed genes tended to reflect existing expectations concerning structure and function of the spinal...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yan Z, Lathia KB, Clapshaw PA Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Evidence for Heterogeneity of Astrocyte De-Differentiation in vitro: Astrocytes Transform into Intermediate Precursor Cells Following Induction of ACM from Scratch-Insulted Astrocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that purified astrocytes could de-differentiate into intermediate precursor cells (IPCs) with addition of scratch-insulted astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) to the culture, which can express NG2 and A2B5, the IPCs markers. Apart from the number of NG2(+) and A2B5(+) cells, the percentage of proliferative cells as labeled with BrdU progressively increased with prolonged culture period ranging from 1 to 10 days. Meanwhile, the protein level of A2B5 in cells also increased significantly. These results revealed that not all astrocytes could de-differentiate fully into NSCs directly when induced by ACM, ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang H, Qian XH, Cong R, Li JW, Yao Q, Jiao XY, Ju G, You SW Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Expression and Subcellular Location of Alpha-Synuclein During Mouse-Embryonic Development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) is one of the major components of intracellular fibrillary aggregates in the brains of a subset of neurodegenerative disorders. Although alpha-SYN expression has been found in developing mouse brain, a detailed distribution during mouse-embryonic development has not been made. Here we describe the expression pattern of alpha-SYN during the development of mice from E9.5 to P0 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). As a result, alpha-SYN was detected as early as E9.5. During the embryonic stages, alpha-SYN was dynamically expressed in several regions of the brain. In the neocortex, expression was dete...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - November 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhong SC, Luo X, Chen XS, Cai QY, Liu J, Chen XH, Yao ZX Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Tunicamycin-Induced Cell Death in the Trigeminal Ganglion is Suppressed by Nerve Growth Factor in the Mouse Embryo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on tunicamycin (Tm)-treated neurons in the trigeminal ganglion was investigated by use of caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In intact embryos at embryonic day 16.5, only a few caspase-3-immunoreactivity were detected in the ganglion neurons. Mean +/- SE of the density of the immunoreactivity was 0.22 +/- 0.03%. In contrast, the number of the immunoreactive neurons was increased at 24 h after injection of 0.5 mug Tm in 1 mul of 0.05 N NaOH solution into mouse embryos at embryonic day 15.5. The density of immunoreactivity was also increased (mean +/- SE = 1.44 +/- 0.11%) compared to ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ichikawa H, Zhao BR, Kano M, Shimizu Y, Suzuki T, Terayama R, Matsuo S, Sugimoto T Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Diabetes Alters Aromatase Enzyme Levels in Sciatic Nerve and Hippocampus Tissues of Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, these results indicated for the first time that, DM altered the expression of aromatase both in central and peripheral nervous systems. Peripheral nervous system is more vulnerable to damage than central nervous system in diabetes. These effects of diabetes differ with gender and compensatory neuroprotective mechanisms are more efficient in female rats. PMID: 19838799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Burul-Bozkurt N, Pekiner C, Kelicen P Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Change in Intracellular pH Causes the Toxic Ca(2+) Entry via NCX1 in Neuron- and Glia-Derived Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brain hypoxia or ischemia causes acidosis and the intracellular accumulation of Ca(2+) in neuron. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the interaction between intracellular pH and Ca(2+) during transient acidosis and its effects on the viability of neuronal and glial cells. Intracellular Ca(2+) and pH were measured using the fluorescence of fura-2 and 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester in neuroblastoma (IMR-32), glioblastoma (T98G), and astrocytoma (CCF-STTG1) cell lines. The administration of 5 mM propionate caused intracellular acidification in IMR-32 and T98G cells but n...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 14, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Shono Y, Kamouchi M, Kitazono T, Kuroda J, Nakamura K, Hagiwara N, Ooboshi H, Ibayashi S, Iida M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Increased Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of the Single-Prolonged Stress Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of phosphorylated p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK1/2) and c-fos expression induced by single-prolonged stress (SPS) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and to determine whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway plays a role in SPS. Before exposure to SPS, Wistar rats were bilaterally infused with PD98059, inhibitor of ERK, into the mPFC. Animals were then tested in the open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and Morris water maze (MWM). Brains were removed for immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting of pERK1/2. And ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang HT, Han F, Gao JL, Shi YX Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Pilocarpine Protects Cobalt Chloride-induced Apoptosis of RGC-5 Cells: Involvement of Muscarinic Receptors and HIF-1alpha Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The retina is the most metabolically active tissue in the human body and hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death has been implicated in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine whether muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine, a classic antiglaucoma drug, possesses neuroprotection against cobalt chloride (CoCl(2))-mimetic hypoxia-induced apoptosis of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) and its underlying mechanisms. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and apoptosis was examined by annexin V and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays. Expressions of...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhu X, Zhou W, Cui Y, Zhu L, Li J, Feng X, Shao B, Qi H, Zheng J, Wang H, Chen H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Calcium Binding Proteins Immunoreactivity in the Rat Basolateral Amygdala Following Myocardial Infarction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined changes in immunoreactivities of calcium binding proteins, such as parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR), in the rat basolateral amygdala (BLA) 14 days after myocardial infarction (MI). In the MI-operated group, numbers of PV and CB immunoreactive ((+)) neurons in the BLA were significantly reduced compared to those in the sham-operated group. However, numbers of CR(+) neurons were slightly, not significantly, reduced in the MI-operated group. These results indicate that MI may decrease the immunoreactivities of PV and CB, not CR, in the rat BLA. PMID: 19816769 [PubMed - as su...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee CH, Hwang IK, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Han TH, Park OK, Lee SY, Ryu PD, Won MH Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Stable Expression of Neurogenin 1 Induces LGR5, a Novel Stem Cell Marker, in an Immortalized Human Neural Stem Cell Line HB1.F3.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neural stem cells (NSC) with self-renewal and multipotent properties serve as an ideal cell source for transplantation to treat spinal cord injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. To efficiently induce neuronal lineage cells from NSC for neuron replacement therapy, we should clarify the intrinsic genetic programs involved in a time- and place-specific regulation of human NSC differentiation. Recently, we established an immortalized human NSC clone HB1.F3 to provide an unlimited NSC source applicable to genetic manipulation for cell-based therapy. To investigate a role of neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), a proneural basic h...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Satoh JI, Obayashi S, Tabunoki H, Wakana T, Kim SU Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Intranasal Delivery of Human beta-Amyloid Peptide in Rats: Effective Brain Targeting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(1) Intranasal administration is a non-invasive and effective way for the delivery of drugs to brain that circumvents the blood-brain barrier. The aims of the study were to test a nasal delivery system for human beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides, to measure the delivery of the peptides to brain regions, and to test their biological activity in rats. (2) Abeta(1-42), in the form of a mixture of oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils was dissolved in a nasal formulation containing hydrophobic, hydrophylic, and mucoadhesive components. The peptide solution was administered intranasally to rats as a single dose or in repeated do...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sipos E, Kurunczi A, Fehér A, Penke Z, Fülöp L, Kasza A, Horváth J, Horvát S, Veszelka S, Balogh G, Kürti L, Erős I, Szabó-Révész P, Párducz A, Penke B, Deli MA Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Biological Activity of Novel Synthetic Derivatives of Carnosine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two novel derivatives of carnosine-(S)-trolox-L: -carnosine (STC) and (R)-trolox-L: -carnosine (RTC) are characterized in terms of their antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing activities as well as their resistance to serum carnosinase. STC and RTC were synthesized by N-acylation of L: -carnosine with (S)- and (R)-trolox, respectively. STC and RTC were found to react more efficiently with 2,2-diphenyl-1: -picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and protect serum lipoproteins from Fe(2+)-induced oxidation more successfully than carnosine and trolox. At the same time, STC, RTC and trolox suppressed oxidative hemolysis of red blood c...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Stvolinsky SL, Bulygina ER, Fedorova TN, Meguro K, Sato T, Tyulina OV, Abe H, Boldyrev AA Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Iron-Induced Hippocampal and Nigral Neuron Loss.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There are many studies about iron-induced neuronal hyperactivity and oxidative stress. Some reports also showed that iron levels rise in the brain in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that excessive iron level increases oxidative stress and causes neuronal death. Tocopherols act as a free radical scavenger when phenoxylic head group encounters a free radical. We have aimed to identify the effect of alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) on iron-induced neurotoxicity. For this reason, rats were divided into three groups as control, iron, and iron + alpha-t...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Bostanci MO, Bas O, Bagirici F Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Lipoic Acid Alters delta-Aminolevulinic Dehydratase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Na+,K+-ATPase Activities and Glutathione-Reduced Levels in Rat Hippocampus After Pilocarpine-Induced Seizures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, we investigated the effects of lipoic acid (LA) in the brain oxidative stress caused by pilocarpine-induced seizures in adult rats. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.p., control group), lipoic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p., LA group), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., pilocarpine group), and the association of LA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) plus pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before the administration of LA (LA plus pilocarpine group). After the treatments, all groups were observed for 1 h. The enzyme activities [delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione r...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: de Freitas RM Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Dominant-Negative Myosin Va Impairs Retrograde but Not Anterograde Axonal Transport of Large Dense Core Vesicles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Axonal transport of peptide and hormone-containing large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) is known to be a microtubule-dependent process. Here, we suggest a role for the actin-based motor protein myosin Va specifically in retrograde axonal transport of LDCVs. Using live-cell imaging of transfected hippocampal neurons grown in culture, we measured the speed, transport direction, and the number of LDCVs that were labeled with ectopically expressed neuropeptide Y fused to EGFP. Upon expression of a dominant-negative tail construct of myosin Va, a general reduction of movement in both dendrites and axons was observed. In axons,...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Bittins CM, Eichler TW, Hammer JA, Gerdes HH Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF) by Anti-Parkinsonian Drug Therapy In Vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the influence of two neuroprotective anti-Parkinsonian drugs, the monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline and the adenosine A(2A) antagonist SCH 58261, on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) in the mouse brain. Protein levels of BDNF and CDNF were quantified by western blot after 2 weeks of treatment with either of the drugs or placebo. CDNF levels were not significantly influenced by selegiline or SCH 58261 in any brain area studied. Selegiline treatment significantly increased BDNF levels in the anterior cingulate cor...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Gyárfás T, Knuuttila J, Lindholm P, Rantamäki T, Castrén E Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Neuroprotective Effects of IGF-I Following Kainic Acid-Induced Hippocampal Degeneration in the Rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant both in in vitro studies and in in vivo animal models of ischemia, hypoxia, trauma in the brain or the spinal cord, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of IGF-I in the "kainic acid-induced degeneration of the hippocampus" model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Increased cell death-as detected by FluoroJade B staining-and extensive cell loss-as determined by cresyl violet staining-were observed mainly in the CA3 and CA4 areas of the ips...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Miltiadous P, Stamatakis A, Stylianopoulou F Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus as a Gene Transfer Vector in the Rat Nucleus Tractus Solitarii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gene transfer has been used to examine the role of putative neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Most such studies used adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer although adenovirus vector transfects both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Successful transfection in the NTS has also been reported with lentivirus as the vector. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a lentivirus, may preferentially transfect neurons and could be a powerful tool to delineate physiological effects produced by altered synthesis of transmitters in neurons. However, it has not been studied in NTS. Therefore, we sought to dete...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lin LH, Langasek JE, Talman LS, Taktakishvili OM, Talman WT Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Experimental Evidence that Phenylalanine Provokes Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex of Developing Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High levels of phenylalanine (Phe) are the biochemical hallmark of phenylketonuria (PKU), a neurometabolic disorder clinically characterized by severe mental retardation and other brain abnormalities, including cortical atrophy and microcephaly. Considering that the pathomechanisms leading to brain damage and particularly the marked cognitive impairment in this disease are poorly understood, in the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of Phe, at similar concentrations as to those found in brain of PKU patients, on important parameters of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of developing...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Fernandes CG, Leipnitz G, Seminotti B, Amaral AU, Zanatta A, Vargas CR, Dutra Filho CS, Wajner M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Understanding and Determining the Etiology of Autism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Worldwide, the rate of autism has been steadily rising. There are several environmental factors in concert with genetic susceptibilities that are contributing to this rise. Impaired methylation and mutations of mecp2 have been associated with autistic spectrum disorders, and related Rett syndrome. Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes have also been linked to autism, specifically CYP27B1 that is essential for proper vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D is important for neuronal growth and neurodevelopment, and defects in metabolism or deficiency have been implicated in autistic individuals. Other factors that hav...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Currenti SA Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Vitamins E and D3 Attenuate Demyelination and Potentiate Remyelination Processes of Hippocampal Formation of Rats Following Local Injection of Ethidium Bromide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive deficits have been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) due to hippocampal insults. Antioxidant vitamins D and E are suggested for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like MS, while their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, we have tried to study the effects of these vitamins on demyelination, cell death, and remyelination of rat hippocampus following local ethidium bromide (EB) injection. Animals received 100 mg/kg vitamin E or 5 mug/kg of vitamin D3 for 2, 7, or 28 days. The extent of demyelination, myelin staining intensity, and expression of myelin basic protein...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Goudarzvand M, Javan M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Mozafari S, Tiraihi T Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

FHIT Gene Sequence Variants and Reduced Fhit Protein Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the reduction or loss of Fhit protein expression by genetic alterations or epigenetic mechanisms in GBM might be associated with brain tumorigenesis. PMID: 19760177 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cecener G, Tunca B, Egeli U, Bekar A, Guler G, Tolunay S, Aksoy K Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

The Synaptic Remodeling Between Regenerated Perforant Pathway and Granule Cells in Slice Culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the synaptic formation implicated in the neuroregeneration could integrate into the network in CNS. PMID: 19757022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu DM, Tang WC, Wu P, Deng TX, Liu B, Li MS, Deng JB Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Therapeutic DNA Vaccination as a Repair Strategy Following Spinal Cord Injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reveals the effective approach of a DNA vaccine strategy by attaining the special antibody to direct neutralization of the myelin inhibitors during spinal cord injury. PMID: 19757023 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kou SB, Xu G, Jiang XD, Xu RX, Tang YP, Xu G, Cai YQ, Du MX, Xiao ZC Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Study on DBH Genetic Polymorphisms and Plasma Activity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients from Eastern India.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dysfunctions in the norepinephric pathway have been speculated in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common problem for children. Synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine is catalyzed by the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase and numerous polymorphisms in the DBH gene have been found to exert their direct influence on the enzyme activity independently. In the present study association of ADHD with four genetic polymorphisms, DBH-STR, rs1611115, rs1108580, and rs2519152, was examined in subjects belonging to eastern India. ADHD subjects (n = 111) were recruited following DSM-IV criteria. P...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhaduri N, Sarkar K, Sinha S, Chattopadhyay A, Mukhopadhyay K Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Blood Pressure-Independent Factors Determine the Susceptibility to Delayed Neuronal Death in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed neuronal death (DND) in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient forebrain ischemia by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of high blood pressure contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male rats of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sakurai-Yamashita Y, Nabika T, Niwa M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

The E646D-ATP13A4 Mutation Associated with Autism Reveals a Defect in Calcium Regulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we also describe the expression of ATP13A4 during mouse embryonic development. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that ATP13A4 was highly expressed at embryonic days 15-17, when neurogenesis takes place. The present study is the first to provide further insights into the biological role of a P(5)-type ATPase. Our results demonstrate that ATP13A4 may be involved in calcium regulation and that its expression is developmentally regulated. Overall, this study provides support for the hypothesis that ATP13A4 may play a vital role in the developing nervous system and its impairment can contribute to the symptoms ...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 2, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vallipuram J, Grenville J, Crawford DA Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

MT2 Melatonin Receptor Immunoreactivity in Neurons is Very High in the Aged Hippocampal Formation in Gerbils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Melatonin exerts many physiological functions via its G protein-coupled receptors. In the present study, we investigated age-related changes in MT2 melatonin receptor immunoreactivity and its levels in the gerbil hippocampus during normal aging. In the postnatal month 1 (PM 1) group, MT2 immunoreaction was well observed in neurons in all subregions of the gerbil hippocampus. In the PM 3 and 6 groups, MT2 immunoreactivity in neurons was decreased compared to that in the PM 1 group. Thereafter, MT2 immunoreactivity in neurons was increased. In the PM 18 and 24 groups, MT2 immunoreactivity in neurons was strong in all sub...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - September 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee CH, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Park OK, Hwang IK, You SG, Lee BY, Kang IJ, Won MH Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Microglia Induce Dysfunction of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Rat Microvascular Endothelial Cells Co-Cultured with Microglia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons. BBB disruption under pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disease and inflammation is observed in parallel with microglial activation. To test whether activation of microglia is linked to BBB dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on BBB functions in an in vitro co-culture system with rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBEC) and microglia. When LPS was added for 6 h to the abluminal side of RBEC/microglia co-culture at a concentration showing no effe...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sumi N, Nishioku T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Watanabe T, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

The Role of Nitric Oxide in Homocysteine Thiolactone-Induced Seizures in Adult Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of NO in epileptogenesis has been studied in different experimental models, and the reported results have been highly contradictory. The current study aimed to determine the role of NO in mechanisms of D: ,L: -homocysteine-thiolactone (H) induced seizures by testing the action of L: -arginine (NO precursor) and L: -NAME (NOS inhibitor) on behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) manifestations of H-induced seizures. The same holds true with the brain Na(+)/K(+)- and Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in adult male Wistar rats. We showed that the pretreatment with L: -arginine (300, 600 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose-d...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hrnčić D, Rašić-Marković A, Krstić D, Macut D, Djuric D, Stanojlović O Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Protective Effect of Saffron Extract and Crocin on Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated High Glucose-Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes. Despite some studies, the exact mechanism of glucose neurotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) has proposed as a possible mechanism. Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been known as a source of antioxidants. Therefore, neuroprotective effect of saffron extract, its active component crocin and gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) was studied in glucose-induced neurotoxicity, using PC12 cells as a suitable in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. ROS was measured us...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 26, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Mousavi SH, Tayarani NZ, Parsaee H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from the Embryonic Dorsal Telencephalon of D6/GFP Mice Differentiate Primarily into Neurons After Transplantation into a Cortical Lesion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
D6 is a promoter/enhancer of the mDach1 gene that is involved in the development of the neocortex and hippocampus. It is expressed by proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) of the cortex at early stages of neurogenesis. The differentiation potential of NSPCs isolated from embryonic day 12 mouse embryos, in which the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by the D6 promoter/enhancer, has been studied in vitro and after transplantation into the intact adult rat brain as well as into the site of a photochemical lesion. The electrophysiological properties of D6/GFP-derived cells were studied us...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 25, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Prajerova I, Honsa P, Chvatal A, Anderova M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Contribution of Intracellular Ca(2+) Concentration and Protein Dephosphorylation to the Induction of Dopamine Release from PC12 cells by the Green Odor Compound Hexanal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study showed the cellular events that occurred in PC12 cells after stimulation of hexanal. Furthermore, it is important to examine the relationship between the cellular functions and the physiological effects of hexanal on dopamine release. PMID: 19693664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kobayashi Y, Kako H, Yokogoshi H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Stage Dependent Effects of Progesterone on Motoneurons and Glial Cells of Wobbler Mouse Spinal Cord Degeneration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the Wobbler mouse, a mutation in the Vps54 gene is accompanied by motoneuron degeneration and astrogliosis in the cervical spinal cord. Previous work has shown that these abnormalities are greatly attenuated by progesterone treatment of clinically afflicted Wobblers. However, whether progesterone is effective at all disease stages has not yet been tested. The present work used genotyped (wr/wr) Wobbler mice at three periods of the disease: early progressive (1-2 months), established (5-8 months) or late stages (12 months) and age-matched wildtype controls (NFR/NFR), half of which were implanted with a progesterone p...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Meyer M, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Garay LI, Monachelli GG, Lima A, Roig P, Guennoun R, Schumacher M, De Nicola AF Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Chelation of Extracellular Calcium-Induced Cell Death was Prevented by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors in PC12 Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Calcium ion is a secondary messenger that mediates a variety of physiological responses of neurons, including cell survival responses. To determine the role of calcium in regulating neuronal survival and death, we examined whether chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA induces caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death and whether glycogen synthase kinase-3 is involved in EGTA-induced cell death in PC12 cells. EGTA increased apoptotic cell death with morphological changes characterized by cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation and fragmentation accompanied by caspase activation. EGTA increased GRP78 protein expressi...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Takadera T, Ohtsuka M, Aoki H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Thymosin-beta4 Attenuates Ethanol-induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Astrocytes by Inhibiting Apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thymosin-beta4 (Tbeta4) is a major actin monomer-binding peptide in mammalian tissues and plays a crucial role in the nervous system in synaptogenesis, neuronal survival and migration, axonal growth, and plastic changes of dendritic spines. However, it is unknown whether Tbeta4 is also involved in challenges with external stress such as ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Tbeta4 on ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortical astrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Primarily cultured astrocytes were treated with 1 mug/ml Tbeta4 2 h prior to administration...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang H, Cui GB, Jiao XY, Wang J, Ju G, You SW Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Ascorbic Acid Reverses Valproic Acid-Induced Inhibition of Hoxa2 and Maintains Glutathione Homeostasis in Mouse Embryos in Culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to cause neural tube defects in humans and mice, but its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that alterations in embryonic antioxidant status and Hoxa2 gene expression play an important role in VPA-induced teratogenesis. A whole embryo culture system was applied to explore the effects of VPA on total glutathione, on glutathione in its oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) forms [GSSG/GSH ratio] and on Hoxa2 expression in cultured CD-1 mouse embryos during their critical period of organogenesis. Our results show that VPA can (1) induce embryo malformations including...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang B, Wang X, Nazarali AJ Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Spinal and Peripheral Mechanisms Involved in the Enhancement of Morphine Analgesia in Acutely Inflamed Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe here that lower doses of systemic morphine are necessary to increase thermal withdrawal latencies measured in both hind paws of mice acutely inflamed with carrageenan than in healthy ones. This bilateral potentiation seems mediated through spinal opioid receptors since it is inhibited by the intrathecal (i.t.), but not intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone-methiodide, and also appears when morphine is i.t. administered. Furthermore, the i.pl. administration of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L: -NMMA, or the K (ATP) (+) -channel blocker, glibenclamide, to carra...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: González-Rodríguez S, Hidalgo A, Baamonde A, Menéndez L Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Receptors in Meningeal Fibroblasts of the Injured Mouse Brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The fibrotic scar which is formed after traumatic damage of the central nervous system (CNS) is considered as a major impediment for axonal regeneration. In the process of the fibrotic scar formation, meningeal fibroblasts invade and proliferate in the lesion site to secrete extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and laminin. Thereafter, end feet of reactive astrocytes elaborate a glia limitans surrounding the fibrotic scar. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potent scar-inducing factor, which is upregulated after CNS injury, has been implicated in the formation of the fibrotic scar and glia limit...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - August 3, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Komuta Y, Teng X, Yanagisawa H, Sango K, Kawamura K, Kawano H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Fat Feeding of Rats During Pubertal Growth Leads to Neuroendocrine Alterations in Adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to examine early events induced by a fat diet (45% calories from saturated fat) in male rats fed the diet during the pre- and post-pubertal period. The neuroendocrine endpoints studied were the levels of circulating leptin, insulin and corticosterone, as well as their receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Hormonal levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and receptors' levels by western blot analysis. Leptinemia was increased in pubertal rats and in adult rats fed the fat diet from weaning to adulthood, but not in those fed from puberty to adulthood. Modifications in the developmental pattern fr...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 31, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Boukouvalas G, Gerozissis K, Kitraki E Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Regulation of BCRP (ABCG2) and P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) by Cytokines in a Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brain capillary endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective permeability membrane between the blood and the brain. Besides tight junctions that prevent small hydrophilic compounds from passive diffusion into the brain tissue, the endothelial cells express different families of drug efflux transport proteins that limit the amount of substances penetrating the brain. Two prominent efflux transporters are the breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). During inflammatory reactions, which can be associated with an altered BBB, pro-inflammatory cytokines are present in the syste...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Poller B, Drewe J, Krähenbühl S, Huwyler J, Gutmann H Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Intrathecal NGF Administration Reduces Reactive Astrocytosis and Changes Neurotrophin Receptors Expression Pattern in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nerve growth factor (NGF), an essential peptide for sensory neurons, seems to have opposite effects when administered peripherally or directly to the central nervous system. We investigated the effects of 7-days intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of NGF on neuronal and glial spinal markers relevant to neuropathic behavior induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Allodynic and hyperalgesic behaviors were investigated by Von Frey and thermal Plantar tests, respectively. NGF-treated animals showed reduced allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, compared to control animals. We evaluated on lumbar spinal cord...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 7, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cirillo G, Cavaliere C, Bianco MR, De Simone A, Colangelo AM, Sellitti S, Alberghina L, Papa M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Co-administration of Monosialoganglioside and Skeletal Muscle Cells on Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuronal Phenotypes In Vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The neuropeptide-immunoreactive (IR) and neurofilament-IR neurons are two major phenotypical classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Targets of neuronal innervation play a vital role in regulating the survival and differentiation of innervating neurotrophin-responsive neurons. Monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been considered to have a neurotrophic factor-like activity. Both GM1 and target skeletal muscle (SKM) cells are essential for the maintenance of the function of neurons. However, whether target SKM cells and GM1, alone or associated, generate neuropeptide or neurofilament expression remains unclear. The aim of the p...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang L, Li H, Liu Z, Xu X, Wang H, Li Z Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Metabolic Characterization of a Mouse Deficient in All Known Leptin Receptor Isoforms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have characterized a newly generated mouse model of obesity, a mouse strain deficient in all five previously described leptin receptor isoforms. These transgenic mice, named the db (333)/db (333) mice, were identified from an ENU mutagenesis screen and carry a point mutation in the seventh exon of the db gene encoding the leptin receptor, resulting in a premature stop codon (Y(333)Stop) and gene product that lacks STAT signaling domains. db (333)/db (333) mice have a morbidly obese phenotype, with body weights diverging from wild type as early as 4 weeks of age (P < 0.05). To determine the contribution of the sho...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - July 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Osborn O, Sanchez-Alavez M, Brownell SE, Ross B, Klaus J, Dubins J, Beutler B, Conti B, Bartfai T Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals

Investigation of MMAC/PTEN gene mutations and protein expression in low grade gliomas.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, reduced MMAC/PTEN expression by genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms in low grade gliomas might be associated with glioma tumorigenesis. PMID: 19350382 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cecener G, Tunca B, Egeli U, Bekar A, Guler G, Vatan O, Tolunay S Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: journals