Cerebrospinal Fluid Research
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41 records returned
Activation of adenosine A2B receptors enhances ciliary beat frequency in mouse lateral ventricle ependymal cells
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Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that A2B receptor activation enhances ciliary beat frequency in lateral ventricle ependymal cells. Ependymal cell ciliary beat frequency regulation may play an important role in cerebral fluid balance and cerebral spinal fluid dynamics. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - November 18, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Jonathan GenzenDan YangKatya RavidAngelique Bordey Source Type: journals
More advanced Alzheimer's disease may be associated with a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure
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In a recent article, elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) consistent with very early normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), was found in a small subset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (possible AD-NPH hybrids) enrolled in a clinical trial for chronic low-flow cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Also in the same study, was another interesting finding that merits further discussion: a substantial proportion of AD patients had very low CSFP. Based on the characteristics of these subjects, we hypothesize that more advanced AD may be associated with a decrease in CSFP. Reduced CSFP among a group of AD patients could provid...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - November 16, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Peter WostynKurt AudenaertPeter Paul De Deyn Source Type: journals
Utility of a novel lipoarabinomannan assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in a resource-poor high HIV prevalence setting
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Conclusions:
In this preliminary proof-of-concept study, a rapid diagnosis of TBM could be achieved using LAM antigen detection. Although specificity was sub-optimal, the estimates provided here may be unreliable because of a classification bias inherent in the study design where it was not possible to exclude TBM in the presumed non-TBM cases owing to a lack of clinical follow-up. As PCR is largely unavailable, the LAM assay may well prove to be a useful adjunct for the rapid diagnosis of TBM in high HIV-incidence settings. These preliminary results justify further enquiry and prospective studies are now required to defin...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Vinod PatelAhmed BhigjeeHoosain ParukRavesh SinghRichard MeldauCathy ConnollyThumbi Ndung'uKeertan Dheda Source Type: journals
The morphology and biochemistry of nanostructures provide evidence for synthesis and signaling functions in human cerebrospinal fluid
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Conclusions Unique morphology and biochemistry features of abundant and discrete membrane-bound CSF nanostructures are described. Prostaglandin H synthase activity, essential for prostanoid production and previously unknown in CSF, is localized to nanospheres. Considering CSF bulk flow and its circulatory dynamics, we propose that these nanostructures provide signaling mechanisms via volume transmission within the nervous system that are for slower, more diffuse, and of longer duration than synaptic transmission. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - September 6, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael HarringtonAlfred FontehElena OborinaPatricia LiaoRobert CowanGordon McCombJesus ChavezJohn RushRoger BiringerAndreas Huhmer Source Type: journals
Turnover rate of cerebrospinal fluid in female sheep: changes related to different light-dark cycles
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Background:
Sheep are seasonal breeders. The key factor governing seasonal changes in the reproductive activity of the ewe is increased negative feedback of estradiol at the level of the hypothalamus under long-day conditions. It has previously been demonstrated that when gonadotropin secretions are inhibited during long days, there is a higher concentration of estradiol in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than during short days. This suggests an involvement of the CSF and choroid plexus in the neuroendocrine regulatory loop, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. One possible explanation of this differ...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - August 3, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Jean-Claude ThieryDidier LometSylvain BougoinBenoit Malpaux Source Type: journals
CSF/serum quotient graphs for the evaluation of intrathecal C4 synthesis
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Conclusions:
The C 4 Reibergram can be used to quantify the intrathecal synthesis of this component of the complement system in different infectious diseases of the central nervous system and is especially useful for patients with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - July 1, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Barbara Padilla-DocalAlberto Dorta-ContrerasRaisa Bu-Coifiu-FanegoAlexis Rodriguez-Rey Source Type: journals
Delamination technique together with longitudinal incisions in Chiari 1/ syringomiyelia complex: a prospective clinical study.
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Conclusion:
Removal of the fibrous band and the outer dural layer, at level of foramen magnum, together with the incision of inner dural layer seems to be good technique in adult CMI patients. Advantages are short operation time, no need for duraplasty, sufficient posterior fossa decompression, absence of CSF fistulas as a result of extraarachnoidal working, and short duration of hospitalization. Hence this surgical technique has advantages compared to other techniques. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - June 21, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kadir KotilRabia TariTugrul TonYildiray Savas Source Type: journals
Neuropsychological assessment of attention in children with spina bifida
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Conclusions:
Assessment of attention functions in children with SBM by traditional tests may be misleading, because this paediatric population with complex cerebral malformations has difficulty with the cognitive and visual-motor requirements. To control for these interactions, the use of both traditional and computerized attention tests is recommended. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - May 28, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Anja VinckReinier MullaartJan RotteveelBen Maassen Source Type: journals
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after radioisotope cisternography is not influenced by needle size at lumbar puncture in patients with intracranial hypotension.
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Conclusions:
The results suggest that needle size, at least for 22-25G, does not affect the results of RI cisternographic diagnostic tests for CSF leakage in intracranial hypotension. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - May 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Koichi TakahashiTatsuo Mima Source Type: journals
Low levels of amyloid-beta and its transporters in neonatal rats with and without hydrocephalus
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Conclusions: Neonatal rats with and without hydrocephalus had low expression of Abeta and its transporters when compared to adult rats with hydrocephalus. No statistical differences were observed in Abeta and its transporters between the control and hydrocephalic neonatal animals. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - May 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kelley DerenJennifer ForsythOsama AbdullahEdward HsuPetra KlingeGerald SilverbergConrad JohansonJames McAllister Source Type: journals
Expression of TRPM8 in the distal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the brain mesencephalon of rats
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Conclusion:
This study has demonstrated that the cold sensation receptor channel, TRPM8, is localised within the dCSF-CNs of the mesencephalon. TRPM8 acts as receptor of dCSF-CNs for sensation transmission and pain regulation. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - March 17, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Jing Du, Xinwei Yang, Licai Zhang and Yinming Zeng Source Type: journals
Neonatal high pressure hydrocephalus is associated with elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IFNγ in cerebrospinal fluid
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Conclusion:
Independent of the pathogenesis, neonatal HPHC is associated with the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IFNγ) in the CSF, whereas CSF apoptosis biomarkers (sFasL) were unchanged. This suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment (in addition to shunting) could be helpful to preserve cerebral white matter. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 31, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Deborah A Sival, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Thomas Schmitz, Eelco W Hoving, Carlo Schaller and Axel Heep Source Type: journals
Neonatal high pressure hydrocephalus is associated with elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IFNg in cerebrospinal fluid
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Conclusion:
Independent of the pathogenesis, neonatal HPHC is associated with the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IFNgamma) in the CSF, whereas CSF apoptosis biomarkers (sFasL) were unchanged. This suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment (in addition to shunting) could be helpful to preserve cerebral white matter. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 31, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Deborah A Sival, Ursula Felderhoff-Muser, Thomas Schmitz, Eelco W Hoving, Carlo Schaller and Axel Heep Source Type: journals
Fgf2 is expressed in embryonic human and murine choroid plexus and affects choroid plexus epithelial cell behaviour
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Conclusion:
Fgf2 expression early in the development of both human and rodent choroid plexus, and its ability to modulate behaviour and gene expression in CPe, supports the view that Fgf signalling plays a role in the maintenance of integrity and function of this specialized epithelium, and that this role is conserved between rodents and humans. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 29, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Sarah Greenwood, Adam Swetloff, Angela M Wade, Tetsuya Terasaki and Patrizia Ferretti Source Type: journals
Intrathecal synthesis of IgE in children with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis
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Conclusion:
Intrathecal synthesis of IgE demonstrates the participation of this immunoglobulin in the destruction of the third stage larvae of the parasite in the CSF. The test should be considered in our environment as a tool to aid diagnosis. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - November 25, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Barbara Padilla-Docal, Alberto J Dorta-Contreras, Raisa Bu-Coifiu-Fanego, Hermes Fundora Hernández, Jesús Callol Barroso and Consuelo Sanchez-Martinez Source Type: journals
An experimental in-vivo canine model for adult shunt infection
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Conclusion:
Shunt infection was established in the canine model, and had the experiment been extended beyond four weeks the typical microbiological, pathological and clinical features might have appeared. The occurrence of unplanned shunt infections in control animals due to canine normal skin flora reflects human clinical experience and underlines the usual source of bacteria causing shunt infection. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - October 24, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Roger Bayston, Christine Brant, Stephen M Dombrowski, Geraldine Hall, Marion Tuohy, Gary Procop and Mark G Luciano Source Type: journals
An Experimental in - vivo Canine Model for Adult Shunt Infection
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Conclusions:
Shunt infection was established in the canine model, and had the experiment been extended beyond four weeks the typical microbiological, pathological and clinical features might have appeared. The occurrence of unplanned shunt infections in control animals due to canine normal skin flora reflects human clinical experience and underlines the usual source of bacteria causing shunt infection. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - October 24, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Roger Bayston, Christine Brant, Stephen M Dombrowski, Geraldine Hall, Marion Tuohy, Gary Procop and Mark G Luciano Source Type: journals
Report on the second Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation conference
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This report highlights a conference designed for patient education on elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. The conference centered on chronic intracranial hypertension (IH) including the latest research and clinical information. It was sponsored by the Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation and held at the University of Texas Medical School, Houston, on June 21-22nd, 2008. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - August 13, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Emanuel Tanne Source Type: journals
Cerebrospinal fluid markers before and after shunting in patients with secondary and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
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Conclusions:
We conclude that a number of biochemical changes occur after shunt surgery, but there are no marked differences between the SNPH and INPH patients. The results indicate that NFL may be a marker that can predict a surgically reversible state in NPH. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - April 25, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Mats Tullberg, Kaj Blennow, Jan-Eric Mansson, Pam Fredman, Magnus Tisell and Carsten Wikkelso Source Type: journals
Investigation of the hydrodynamic properties of a new MRI-resistant programmable hydrocephalus shunt
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Conclusion:
The Polaris Valve is a reliable, adjustable valve. Unlike other adjustable valves (except the Miethke ProGAV valve), the Polaris cannot be accidentally re-adjusted by an external magnetic field. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - April 21, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: David M Allin, Marek Czosnyka, Hugh K Richards, John D Pickard and Zofia H Czosnyka Source Type: journals
A unifying hypothesis of hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, anencephaly and spina bifida
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This review is a modified version of the Casey Holter Memorial prize essay presented to the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida, June 29th 2007, Heidelberg, Germany. It describes the origin and consequences of the Chiari malformation, and proposes that hydrocephalus is caused by inadequate central nervous system (CNS) venous drainage. A new hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis, anencephaly and spina bifida is described.
Any volume increase in the central nervous system can increase venous pressure. This occurs because veins are compressible and a CNS volume increase may result in reduced venous bloo...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - April 11, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Helen Williams Source Type: journals
Prostaglandin E2 metabolism in rat brain: role of the blood-brain interfaces
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Conclusions:
The rat choroidal tissue has a significant ability to metabolize PGE2 during early postnatal life. This metabolic activity may participate in signal termination of centrally released PGE2 in the brain, or function as an enzymatic barrier acting to maintain PGE2 homeostasis in CSF during the critical early postnatal period of brain development. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - March 4, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Eudeline Alix, Charlotte Schmitt, Nathalie Strazielle and Jean-Francois Ghersi-Egea Source Type: journals
Pathogenesis of cerebral malformations in human fetuses with meningomyelocele
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Conclusions:
In fetal SBA, neuroepithelial/ependymal denudation in the telencephalon and the aqueduct can occur before Chiari II malformation and/or hydrocephalus. Since denuded areas cannot re-establish cell function, neuro-developmental consequences could induce permanent cerebral pathology. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - March 1, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Olga A de Wit, Wilfred F A den Dunnen, Krystyne M Sollie, Rosa IRIS Munoz, Linda C Meiners, Oebele F Brouwer, Esteban M Rodriguez and Deborah A Sival Source Type: journals
The subcommissural organ of the rat secretes Reissner's fiber glycoproteins and CSF-soluble proteins reaching the internal and external CSF compartments
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Conclusions:
It is concluded that (i) during the late embryonic life, the rat SCO secretes compounds that remain soluble in the CSF and reach the subarachnoid space; (ii) during postnatal life, there is a reduction in the number and concentration of CSF-soluble proteins secreted by the SCO. The molecular structure and functional significance of these proteins remain to be elucidated. The possibility they are involved in brain development has been discussed. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - January 24, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Karin Vio, Sara Rodriguez, Carlos R Yulis, Cristian Oliver and Esteban M Rodriguez Source Type: journals
The definition and classification of hydrocephalus: a personal recommendation to stimulate debate
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The aim of this review is to refine the definition and classification of hydrocephalus as a preview to developing an international consensus on the nomenclature of this complex condition. This proposed definition and classification is based on my own work in this area and is intended to promote a debate on the concepts presented.
A literature review of contemporary definitions and classifications of hydrocephalus, and of the historic context in which these concepts developed, is presented. Based on new technology and understanding of hydrocephalus, the rationale for nomenclature is also discussed.
Currently, there is no re...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - January 22, 2008 Category: Neurology Authors: Harold L. Rekate Source Type: journals
Expression of junctional proteins in choroid plexus epithelial cell lines: a comparative study
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Conclusion:
The three CP cell lines analyzed in this study vary considerably with regard to the expression of AJ and TJ proteins, which is likely reflected by different barrier properties of these in vitro models of BCSFB. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 27, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska, Crissey L Pascale, Andrew N Pfeffer, Cassaundra Coulter and Adam Chodobski Source Type: journals
Protein and synthetic polymer injection for induction of obstructive hydrocephalus in rats
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Conclusions:
Kaolin predictably produces moderate to severe hydrocephalus with a mild chronic inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the leptomeninges. Other synthetic polymers and biopolymers tested are unreliable and cause different types of inflammation. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - September 25, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Ili Slobodian, Dmitri Krassioukov-Enns and Marc R Del Bigio Source Type: journals
Extrapyramidal signs in normal pressure hydrocephalus: an objective assessment
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Conclusion:
Clinical motor signs of NPH subjects extend beyond gait deficits and include extrapyramidal manifestations of bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and propensity to perform more poorly when external cues to move are absent. Objective improvement of some but not all of these features was seen following temporary or permanent CSF diversion. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - August 13, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Allen S Mandir, Jennifer Hilfiker, George Thomas, Robert E Minahan, Thomas O Crawford, Michael A Williams and Daniele Rigamonti Source Type: journals
Human arachnoid granulations Part I: A technique for quantifying area and distribution on the superior surface of the cerebral cortex
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Conclusions:
The data obtained on the spatial distribution and en face surface area of AGs will be used in an in vitro model of CSF outflow. With an increase in the number of samples, this analysis technique can be used to study the relationship between AG surface area and variables such as age, race and gender. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - July 16, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Deborah M. Grzybowski, Edward E. Herderick, Kapil G. Kapoor, David W. Holman and Steven E Katz Source Type: journals
Reduction of astrogliosis and microgliosis by cerebrospinal fluid shunting in experimental hydrocephalus
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Conclusions:
Overall, these results suggest that reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis are associated with progressive untreated ventriculomegaly, but that shunt treatment can reduce the gliosis occurring with hydrocephalus. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - June 7, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Janet M Miller and James P McAllister Source Type: journals
Report on BrainChild hydrocephalus conference
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A report of a meeting sponsored by the BrainChild Foundation on the challenges for hydrocephalus researchers to provide the information required for better management of cerebrospinal fluid disorders. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - April 19, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Conrad E Johanson Source Type: journals
Laboratory study on intracranial hypotension created by pumping the chamber of a hydrocephalus shunt
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Conclusion:
Patients, carers and professionals should be warned that pumping a shunts prechamber may cause a large change in intracranial pressure and predispose the patient to ventricular catheter obstruction or other complications. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - March 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: Adam Bromby, Zofia Czosnyka, David Allin, Hugh K Richards, John D Pickard and Marek Czosnyka Source Type: journals
Review of "Proteins of the Cerebrospinal Fluid" (2ndEdition) by Edward J. Thompson
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This book on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins is primarily focused on immunoglobulins. The book was written as an extension of a meeting on multiple sclerosis to provide a more extensive consideration of the CSF. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - January 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: James R Connor Source Type: journals
Review of "Proteins of the Cerebrospinal Fluid" (2nd Edition) by Edward J. Thompson
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This book on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins is primarily focused on immunoglobulins. The book was written as an extension of a meeting on multiple sclerosis to provide a more extensive consideration of the CSF. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - January 26, 2007 Category: Neurology Authors: James R Connor Source Type: journals
Risk factors for pressure sores in adult patients with myelomeningocele – a questionnaire-based study
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Conclusion:
Patients with sensory deficit, memory problems, and Arnold Chiari malformation had a higher risk of having pressure sores. This patient group needs improved skin inspection routines and sore treatment. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 29, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Pål-Erik Plaum, Gunnar Riemer and Kathrine Frey Frøslie Source Type: journals
Choroid plexus epithelial monolayers – a cell culture model from porcine brain
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Conclusion:
It was demonstrated that CP epithelium can be isolated and cultured, with cells growing into intact monolayers, fully differentiating and with properties resembling the tissue in vivo. Thus, the established primary porcine CP model, allowing investigation of complex transport processes, can be used as a reliable tool for analysis of xenobiotic transport across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 21, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Carsten Baehr, Valeska Reichel and Gert Fricker Source Type: journals
Review of "The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier" by Wei Zheng and Adam Chodobski (editors)
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This multi-author volume on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier summarizes past and current research in the areas of choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid in health and disease. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - December 8, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Hazel C Jones Source Type: journals
Biomarkers in chronic adult hydrocephalus
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Awareness of the importance of chronic adult hydrocephalus has been raised again with the recent emergence of epidemiological studies. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of patients suffering from dementia might, in fact, have chronic hydrocephalus. Although, surgical diversion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents the only known procedure able to treat the symptoms of this condition, the selection of surgical patients has always been problematic. In the last 40 years, we have become wiser in using appropriate diagnostic tests for the selection of these patients; however, the area of biological markers has so far...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - October 4, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew Tarnaris, Laurence D Watkins and Neil D Kitchen Source Type: journals
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with Alzheimer's disease
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Conclusion:
Of the AD subjects who were carefully screened to exclude those with clinical NPH, 4% had elevated CSFP. These subjects were presumed to have the AD-NPH syndrome and were withdrawn from the remainder of the study. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - May 31, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Gerald Silverberg, Martha Mayo, Thomas Saul, Jere Fellmann and Dawn McGuire Source Type: journals
Neural Tube Defects – From Origin to Treatment
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A review of the book 'Neural Tube Defects - From Origin to Treatment' (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - April 3, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Carys M Bannister Source Type: journals
Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity: A complimentary tool in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis
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Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that ADA activity in the CSF of TBM patients, using a cut-off value 11.39 U/L/min, can be useful for the early differential diagnosis of TBM. This test can be performed in any pathology laboratory where more sophisticated methods are not available. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - March 30, 2006 Category: Neurology Authors: Rajpal S Kashyap, Rani P Kainthla, Anju V Mudaliar, Hemant J Purohit, Girdhar M Taori and Hatim F Daginawala Source Type: journals
