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Speciation of Cd and Pb in dust emitted from sinter plant.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many studies have provided evidence of the impact of heavy metals in atmospheric emission. Sinter plants represent the first step in steel production, and are important emitters of Cd and Pb. The toxicity of these two metals depends above all on their speciation. Particles collected before and after the filtration system were analysed to determine the Cd- and Pb-bearing phases, using analytical tools such as XRF, EXAFS or ICP-AES and chemical leaching (sequential extractions adapted to steel dusts). Results show that Pb is associated with carbonate and Cd with chloride. These two types of speciation lead to high solubi...
Source: Chemosphere - November 16, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sammut ML, Noack Y, Rose J, Hazemann JL, Proux O, Depoux M, Ziebel A, Fiani E Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Phenanthrene and 2,2',5,5'-PCB sorption by several soils from methanol-water solutions: The effect of weathering and solute structure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of the sorption of phenanthrene and 2,2',5,5'-polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB52) by five differently weathered soils were measured in water and low methanol volume fraction (f(c)0.5) as a function of the apparent solution pH (pH(app)). Two weathered oxisols (A2 and DRC), and moderately weathered alfisols (Toronto) and two young soils (K5 and Webster) were used. The K(m) (linear sorption coefficient) values, which log-linearly decreases with f(c), were interpreted using a cosolvency sorption model. For phenanthrene sorption at the natural pH, the empirical constant (alpha) ranged between 0.95 and 1.14, and was ...
Source: Chemosphere - November 14, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hyun S, Kim M, Baek K, Lee LS Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Occurrence of organochlorine compounds in Euphausia superba and unhatched eggs of Pygoscelis genus penguins from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) and estimation of biomagnification factors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides are compounds that do not occur naturally in the environment and are not easily degraded by chemical or microbiological action. In the present work, those compounds were analysed in unhatched penguin eggs and whole krill collected in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica in the austral summers of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. The compounds found in higher levels (in a wet weight basis) were, in most of the egg samples, the PCBs (2.53-78.7ngg(-1)), DDTs (2.07-38.0ngg(-1)) and HCB (4.99-39.1ngg(-1)) and after Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, the occurrence seemed to ...
Source: Chemosphere - November 14, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cipro CV, Taniguchi S, Montone RC Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

3D-QSAR studies of insecticidal anthranilic diamides as ryanodine receptor activators using CoMFA, CoMSIA and DISCOtech.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To explore the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) and the pharmacophore model of a new class of potent activators of the anthranilic diamide ryanodine receptor (RyR), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) and distance comparison technique (DISCOtech) were performed on 38 anthranilic diamides. Successful CoMFA and CoMSIA models yielded "leave-one-out" (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (q(2)) values of 0.785 and 0.788 and non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r(2)) values of 0.958 and 0.981, respec...
Source: Chemosphere - November 13, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Liu GY, Ju XL, Cheng J, Liu ZQ Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Sorption and desorption of antibiotic tetracycline on marine sediments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the sorption behaviour of tetracycline on marine sediments. The sediment samples were collected from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong. Sorption isotherms of tetracycline on marine sediments can be well described by a Freudlich model. The calculated K(f) varied from 1.12 to 2.34Lg(-1). After H(2)O(2) oxidation for removing the organic carbon from marine sediments, the K(f) values were reduced by more than 80%, but the organic carbon normalized sorption constant averaged 213.1Lg(-1) for the H(2)O(2)-treated sediments, which was higher than 98.3Lg(-1) for the raw mar...
Source: Chemosphere - November 12, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xu XR, Li XY Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Exhaustive depletion of recalcitrant chromium fractions in a real wastewater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reports investigations on electrochemical removal of Cr(III) from a real wastewater sample from a 4x10(4)m(3)d(-1) purification plant located in the leather district of Arzignano (Italy). A crucial point evaluated is the relation between Cr(III) abatement and the reduction of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand. Here we present the results of different abatement approaches including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrocoagulation applied separately or in series. Neither of these methods show satisfactory results when applied alone. In particular, AOPs are completely inefficient owing t...
Source: Chemosphere - November 12, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Durante C, Isse AA, Sandonà G, Gennaro A Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Surface water mitigates the anti-metamorphic effects of perchlorate in New Mexico spadefoot toads (Speamultiplicata) and African clawed frogs (Xenopuslaevis).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Spea multiplicata (New Mexico spadefoot toad) larvae were exposed to 60, 110, and 1000mugL(-1) perchlorate dissolved in natural surface water to determine risks associated with perchlorate exposure in desert-adapted anurans. Hind- and forelimb development and tail resorption were measured to identify effects of perchlorate exposure. No perchlorate-related effects on snout-vent length, hindlimb length, and proportion metamorphosed were observed in the highest treatment group (positive control; 1000mugL(-1)) suggesting that either S.multiplicata are not sensitive to the effects of perchlorate at the concentrations tested...
Source: Chemosphere - November 12, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Brausch JM, Wages M, Shannahan RD, Perry G, Anderson TA, Maul JD, Mulhearn B, Smith PN Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Evaluation of stability and maturity during forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust at different C/N ratios.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined physicochemical and biological parameters in order to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity indicators during the forced-aeration composting process of chicken manure mixed with different amounts of sawdust, yielding initial C/N ratios of 12, 18 and 28. The composting mixture with initial C/N ratio of 28 maintained the temperature exceeding 55 degrees C for more than 3d, but the period with temperature above 55 degrees C in the bottom layer of the composting mixtures with initial C/N ratios of 12 and 18 did not meet the requirement of pathogen destruction. The final electrical conductivity in thr...
Source: Chemosphere - November 12, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gao M, Liang F, Yu A, Li B, Yang L Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

White-rot fungus-mediated degradation of the analgesic ketoprofen and identification of intermediates by HPLC-DAD-MS and NMR.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the use of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor to effectively degrade ketoprofen in a defined liquid medium was assessed. The fungus eliminated ketoprofen to nondetectable levels in 24h when it was added at 10mgL(-1) whereas at low concentration of 40mugL(-1) it was almost completely removed (95%) after 5h. Low extracellular laccase activity was detected in the T. versicolor cultures but the addition of the laccase-mediator system did not lead to ketoprofen oxidation. The cytochrome P-450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole reduced ketoprofen oxidation. These data suggest that the first oxidation step is cyt...
Source: Chemosphere - November 11, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Cruz-Morató C, Caminal G, Vicent T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Roundup((R)) causes oxidative stress in liver and inhibits acetylcholinesterase in muscle and brain of the fish Prochilodus lineatus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work aimed to evaluate Roundup((R)) effects on biochemical biomarkers of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were acutely exposed (6, 24 and 96h) to 10mgL(-1) of Roundup((R)) (RD) or only water (control) and samples of liver, for antioxidants analysis, and brain and muscle, for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination, were collected. Fish exposed to RD for 24h showed reduction on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and increased glutathione (GSH) content. After 24 and 96h, fish of RD group showed increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and lipid peroxida...
Source: Chemosphere - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Modesto KA, Martinez CB Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Kinetic and thermodynamic study of chlorophenol sorption in an allophanic soil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol by a allophanic soil was studied in a series of batch experiments. Chlorophenol sorption behavior was evaluated as a function of reaction time (0-96h) and input concentration at a fixed ionic strength (0.1mol L(-1) KCl) at 25, 35, and 45 degrees C. Sorption results for the various reaction temperatures were used in calculating thermodynamic parameters. Chlorophenol sorption increased with temperature, suggesting an endothermic process. The Elovich equation was used to describe the kinetic data. Data from the isotherm experiments were descr...
Source: Chemosphere - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cea M, Seaman JC, Jara A, Mora ML, Diez MC Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Prediction of gas-phase thermodynamic properties for polychlorinated naphthalenes using G3X model chemistry and density functional theory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The standard gas-phase enthalpies of formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have been predicted using G3X model chemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and second-order Muller-Plesset (MP2) theory. Two isodesmic reactions are used for better prediction of formation enthalpies. The first (IR1) employs chlorobenzene as a reference species and the second (IR2) employs polychlorinated benzenes as reference species. Among congeners, PCNs with simultaneous Cl-substitutions at positions 1 and 8 or 4 and 5 are the least stable, where the strong repulsion between Cl-atoms leads to non-planar structures for a few P...
Source: Chemosphere - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wang L, Lv G Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Determination of chromium in Mentha piperita L. and soil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after sequential extraction and microwave-assisted acid digestion to assess potential bioavailability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Analysis of chromium in Mentha piperita and the soil where it is cultivated was done. The capacity of soil for chromium immobilization and the capacity of M. piperita L., to control its uptake were analyzed by spiking the soil with standard solutions of Cr(III). For each concentration three acidity levels: natural, one unit below and one above its natural acidity (pH(2)=6, pH(1)=5 and pH(3)=7) were tested. Three-stage sequential extraction was performed (I stage: 1M ammonium-acetate, II stage: 0.1M hydroxylamine-chlorohydrate and III stage: 0.2/0.2M oxalic acid/ammonium-oxalate mixture). The chromium content in the ext...
Source: Chemosphere - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ražić S, Dogo S Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Chemical composition and bioactivity properties of size-fractions separated from a vermicompost humic acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preparative high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was applied to humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost in order to separate humic matter of different molecular dimension and evaluate the relationship between chemical properties of size-fractions (SF) and their effects on plant root growth. Molecular dimensions of components in humic SF was further achieved by diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR) based on diffusion coefficients (D), while carbon distribution was evaluated by solid state (CP/MAS) (13)C NMR. Seedlings of maize and Arabidopsis were treated with differ...
Source: Chemosphere - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Canellas LP, Piccolo A, Dobbss LB, Spaccini R, Olivares FL, Zandonadi DB, Façanha AR Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Biosensor-controlled degradation of chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos using a phosphotriesterase-based detoxification column.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This works presents the development of a detoxification system based on bacterial phosphotriesterase (PTE) for the degradation of organophosphate (OP) insecticides in water. PTE was immobilised on an activated agarose gel via covalent coupling. Two different OPs were studied, chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos, due to their importance in the field of water policy. The efficiency of insecticide degradation was controlled using a highly sensitive biosensor allowing the detection of OP concentration as low as 0.004mugL(-1). Under optimum conditions, it was shown that a column incorporating 500IU of PTE was suitable for the d...
Source: Chemosphere - November 9, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Istamboulie G, Durbiano R, Fournier D, Marty JL, Noguer T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Support vector regression and least squares support vector regression for hormetic dose-response curves fitting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tries to use support vector regression (SVR) and least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) to address the problem of curve fitting existing in hormesis. The SVR and LS-SVR, which are entirely different from the non-linear fitting methods used to describe hormetic effects based on large sample, are at present only optimum methods based on small sample often encountered in the experimental toxicology. The tuning parameters (C and p1 for SVR, gam and sig2 for LS-SVR) determining SVR and LS-SVR models were obtained by both the internal and external validation of the models. The internal validation was perform...
Source: Chemosphere - November 9, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Qin LT, Liu SS, Liu HL, Zhang YH Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Mineralization of metsulfuron-methyl in Chinese paddy soils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the mineralization of metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) in paddy soils in response to soil moisture, temperature and soil properties. The results indicated that MSM mineralization was relatively limited in the paddy soils when soil temperature was low. Only 2.2-6.0% of the applied (14)C mineralized after 84d of incubation at 15 degrees C. The mineralization of MSM was enhanced by increasing soil moisture and soil temperature. Soil moisture would have different impact on the response of MSM mineralization to variation in soil temperature. An increase of 10 degrees C accelerated the...
Source: Chemosphere - November 9, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wang H, Xu J, Yates SR, Zhang J, Gan J, Ma J, Wu J, Xuan R Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Temporal trends of PCDD, PCDF and PCB levels in muscle meat of herring from different fishing grounds of the Baltic Sea and actual data of different fish species from the Western Baltic Sea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To study the time trend of PCDD, PCDF and dl-PCB levels in the muscle of herring from the Western Baltic Sea, samples were collected in 2006 at the same fishing locations as in 1999. The results demonstrated no obvious change in contamination levels based on content in fat during the last 7years. The site-dependent increase in WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ concentrations already found in 1999 in fishing grounds between the Skagerrak and the east of Bornholm could be confirmed by this study. In addition, an overview is given in this study on the actual WHO-TEQ concentrations in cod, eel, herring, sprat and some salmon landed at va...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Karl H, Bladt A, Rottler H, Ludwigs R, Mathar W Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Effect of atmosphere and catalyst on reducing bisphenol A (BPA) emission during thermal degradation of polycarbonate.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, is one of the major products in the thermal degradation of polycarbonate (PC) and is also leached out from various PC products. Because of the high acute toxicity of BPA, reducing BPA production during degradation of PC is an important topic. A combined Infrared Image Furnace with Ion attachment mass spectrometry technique was used to investigate the evolution of BPA from a PC sample during heating in either nitrogen or air atmosphere and with or without a CuCl(2) catalyst. Thermal treatment in the presence of CuCl(2), in nitrogen atmospheres and at lower degradation...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sala M, Kitahara Y, Takahashi S, Fujii T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Spatial and seasonal variations of organochlorine compounds in air on an urban-rural transect across Tianjin, China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric organochlorine compounds (OCs) concentrations was investigated at six sites on an urban-rural transect in Tianjin, China from July 2006 to June 2008 using XAD-based passive air samplers. The samplers were deployed for six time periods. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) air concentrations were highest at Tanggu and Tuanbowa and decreased dramatically further away from these two sites. The maximum proportion of beta-HCH compared to SigmaHCHs (12.1-32.2%) was found in Hangu, suggesting its persistence. The alpha/gamma-HCH ratio was between 1.26 and 5.79 which signified the co...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zheng X, Chen D, Liu X, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Yang W, Jiang G Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Uptake and toxicity of hexafluoroarsenate in aquatic organisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The arsenic species hexafluoroarsenate has been described as a contaminant of surface waters of anthropogenic origin. Here, we undertake to identify the most sensitive biological receptor among several sentinel aquatic species used in eco-toxicological assessment and to understand toxicity in terms of internal dose. Therefore, a screening of short-term effects using different aquatic organisms (bacterium Vibrio fischeri, fish Danio rerio, crustacean Daphnia magna and green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) was conducted. For most organisms tested, effects were not detectable even at very high hex...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Daus B, Weiss H, Altenburger R Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Mechanistic study and mutagenicity assessment of intermediates in photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Photocatalytic oxidation is a promising technique for the degradation of volatile organic compounds. However, it is necessary to clarify the genotoxicity mutagenic potential of intermediates formed during photocatalytic degradation. A gas-solid TiO(2) thin film reactor was fabricated to degrade toluene under UV irradiation. The results showed that the degradation efficiencies of toluene at a concentration of about 1500mugL(-1) reached almost 100% within 120min of illumination. The intermediates produced during the photocatalytic degradation were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Benzene was the ...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sun L, Li G, Wan S, An T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos and its oxon derivatives to soil microbial activity by combined methods.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The inhibitory effects of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its oxon derivative (CPO) on soil microbial activity were evaluated through the measurement of metabolic parameters and the microbial urease enzyme. The thermodynamic parameters related to microbial activity were measured and recorded as power-time curves. Microbial growth rate constant k, total heat evolution Q(T), metabolic enthalpy DeltaH(met), mass specific heat rate J(Q/S), microbial biomass C and inhibitory ratio I were calculated. They showed the linear relationship with doses of CPF and CPO. Thereinto, the linear correlations, k versus biomass C and...
Source: Chemosphere - November 7, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wang F, Yao J, Chen H, Chen K, Trebše P, Zaray G Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Effects of aqueous stable fullerene nanocrystals (nC(60)) on Daphnia magna: Evaluation of sub-lethal reproductive responses and accumulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Concerns exist regarding the inadvertent release of engineered nanomaterials into natural systems, and the possible negative ecosystem response that may occur. Understanding sub-lethal effects may be particularly important to determining ecosystem responses as current levels of nanomaterial release are low compared to levels projected for the future. In this work, the sub-lethal effects and bioaccumulation of water stable, nanocrystalline fullerenes as C(60), (termed nC(60)) were studied in Daphnia magna, a globally distributed, parthenogenetic zooplankton. Sub-lethal concentrations were first determined for both matur...
Source: Chemosphere - November 6, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tao X, Fortner JD, Zhang B, He Y, Chen Y, Hughes JB Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were analyzed in both human adipose tissue and plasma from nine individuals, from the Swedish general population, using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). In addition, several other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in the same samples, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Polybrominated dibenzofurans were detected in all of the human adipose tissue s...
Source: Chemosphere - November 6, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ericson Jogsten I, Hagberg J, Lindström G, Bavel BV Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Exposure assessment of breast-fed infants in the Czech Republic to indicator PCBs and selected chlorinated pesticides: Area-related differences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of our study was to obtain data on the exposure of breast-fed infants to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different urban areas of the Czech Republic. The PCB and OCP levels were determined in 90 human milk samples collected in seven urban areas in 1999-2000 according to the WHO protocol. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated for each of the analytes and compared with the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI). Significant local differences in the sum of 35 PCB congeners analyzed (total PCBs) as well as in the most prominent indicator congeners 138, 15...
Source: Chemosphere - November 6, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cerná M, Bencko V, Brabec M, Smíd J, Krsková A, Jech L Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Effects of rare earth oxide nanoparticles on root elongation of plants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The phytotoxicity of four rare earth oxide nanoparticles, nano-CeO(2), nano-La(2)O(3), nano-Gd(2)O(3) and nano-Yb(2)O(3) on seven higher plant species (radish, rape, tomato, lettuce, wheat, cabbage, and cucumber) were investigated in the present study by means of root elongation experiments. Their effects on root growth varied greatly between different nanoparticles and plant species. A suspension of 2000mg L(-1) nano-CeO(2) had no effect on the root elongation of six plants, except lettuce. On the contrary, 2000mg L(-1) suspensions of nano-La(2)O(3), nano-Gd(2)O(3) and nano-Yb(2)O(3) severely inhibited the root elonga...
Source: Chemosphere - November 6, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ma Y, Kuang L, He X, Bai W, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chai Z Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Removal of Acid Orange 7 in simulated wastewater using a three-dimensional electrode reactor: Removal mechanisms and dye degradation pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in simulated wastewater was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, ACF (activated carbon fiber)/Fe as the anode, and ACF/Ti as the cathode. Particular attention was paid to the reaction mechanisms and the dye degradation pathway in the system. The removal of AO7 in the system was mainly dependent on the oxidation by the produced active substances (()OH, etc.) and the coagulation by Fe(II) or Fe(III) dissolved from the anode. The former mechanism was predominant. A possible pathway for AO7 degrad...
Source: Chemosphere - November 6, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zhao HZ, Sun Y, Xu LN, Ni JR Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Microbial community structure and function during abnormal curve development of substrate-induced respiration measurements.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Soil respiration measurements are an established method to test the abundance, activity and vitality of the soil microorganisms. However, abnormal progressions of soil respiration curves impede a clear interpretation of the data. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the microbial structure during the formation of phenomena like double peaks and terraces by analysis of the PLFA composition (phospholipid fatty acid composition). Moreover, (13)C labeled glucose was used as substrate; therefore it was possible to measure delta(13)C values both within the PLFA fraction as well as within the carbon dioxide...
Source: Chemosphere - November 5, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Bartling J, Kotzerke A, Mai M, Esperschütz J, Buegger F, Schloter M, Wilke BM Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Transport and degradation of metalaxyl and isoproturon in biopurification columns inoculated with pesticide-primed material.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Laboratory column displacement experiments were performed to examine whether addition of pesticide-primed material to the matrix of an on-farm biopurification system (BPS), intended to remove pesticides from agricultural waste water, positively affects the degradation of mobile pesticides in the system. Percolated column microcosms with varying types and amounts of metalaxyl and/or isoproturon-primed material or non-primed material were irrigated with water artificially contaminated with isoproturon and/or metalaxyl. Transport of isoproturon was well described using the convection dispersion equation and no dissipation...
Source: Chemosphere - November 4, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: De Wilde T, Spanoghe P, Sniegowksi K, Ryckeboer J, Jaeken P, Springael D Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Characteristics of the abundance of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples from selected Asian regions in Can Gio, Southern Vietnam and Osaka, Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were determined in sediment samples from Can Gio, South Vietnam, and Osaka, Japan. Can Gio is known for the defoliation of its mangrove forests by aerial spraying with Agent Orange during the Vietnam War, whereas Osaka is renowned for a PCDD/PCDF pollution accident at a municipal solid-waste incinerator. For comparison, we also analyzed PCDD/PCDFs and DL-PCBs in sediment samples from Hue and Hanoi, Vietnam. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values in Can Gio were as high as those in Hue, H...
Source: Chemosphere - November 3, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kishida M, Imamura K, Takenaka N, Maeda Y, Viet PH, Kondo A, Bandow H Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Decrease of non-point zinc runoff using porous concrete.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The use of porous concrete columns to decrease the amount of zinc in stormwater runoff is examined. The concentration of zinc in a simulated stormwater fluid (zinc acetate solution), fed through concrete columns (slashed circle10x10cm) decreased by 50-81%, suggesting physical adsorption of zinc by the porous concrete. We propose the use of porous concrete columns (slashed circle50x10cm) as the base of sewage traps. Longer-term, high-zinc concentration monitoring revealed that porous concrete blocks adsorb 38.6mgcm(-3) of zinc. A period of no significant zinc runoff (with an acceptable concentration of zinc in runoff of...
Source: Chemosphere - November 3, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Harada S, Komuro Y Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Rapid transformation of 1,2,3,4-TCDD by Pd/Fe catalysts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TCDD) in the presence of Pd/Fe, Cu/Fe and Ni/Fe bimetallic catalysts or zero-valent iron (ZVI) under aqueous and ambient temperature conditions. It was found that the Pd/Fe catalyst can rapidly transform 1,2,3,4-TCDD to chlorine-free dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) with >95% of conversion and half lives on the order of 5h, whereas Cu/Fe, Ni/Fe and ZVI were not reactive over 10d. The dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-TCDD in the Pd/Fe systems was found to be stepwise, with 1,2,3-tri (TrCDD), 1,2-di (DCDD), and mono-(MCDD) chlorodibenzo-p-dioxi...
Source: Chemosphere - November 2, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wang Z, Huang W, Peng P, Fennell DE Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Responses of antioxidant status and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in gill of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, chronically treated with carbamazepine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In recent years, chemical pollution by the residual pharmaceuticals has been increasingly important issue due to its widely present in the aquatic environment. However, the toxicological effects of residual pharmaceuticals on fish have not been adequately researched. The aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effect of CBZ, an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in aquatic environment, on antioxidant status and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in gill of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal CBZ (1.0mugL(-1), 0.2mgL(-1) and 2.0mgL(-1)) for 7, 21 and 42d. After prolonged exposure of CBZ at higher test concentration (0.2 or 2.0mgL(...
Source: Chemosphere - November 2, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Li ZH, Zlabek V, Velisek J, Grabic R, Machova J, Randak T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Kaolinic clay derived PCDD/Fs in the feed chain from a sorting process for potatoes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
At the end of 2004, during a routine monitoring project, high levels of PCDDs in milk from two farms were found. Using a bioassay and the congener patterns obtained by HRGC/HRMS, the source was traced back to the use of kaolinic clay for sorting potatoes in a production process of French fries. Rest products, especially peelings after scrubbing, were used as feed for dairy cows. Levels of PCCD/Fs in this product amounted to 44ng WHO(1998)-TEQkg(-1) (88% dw). The maximum level observed in milk was 20pg WHO(1998)-TEQ g(-1) fat. A Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetic (PB-PK) model was used to model three data obtained be...
Source: Chemosphere - November 2, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hoogenboom R, Zeilmaker M, Eijkeren JV, Kan K, Mengelers M, Luykx D, Traag W Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Cholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities of three mollusc species from the NW Portuguese coast in relation to the 'Prestige' oil spill.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In November 2002, the tanker 'Prestige' released about 19,000 tonnes of a heavy fuel oil (no. 6) before sinking with about 58,000 tonnes of its cargo, 135 miles from Cabo Finisterra (Spain). A considerable part of the released fuel oil reached the Galician coast, causing a heavy black tide and an ecological disaster. Although the black tide did not reach the NW coast of Portugal, it is possible that some of the fuel oil or its components also arrived to this area directly through the sea water and/or indirectly through the food chain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in two widely us...
Source: Chemosphere - November 2, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tim-Tim AL, Morgado F, Moreira S, Rangel R, Nogueira AJ, Soares AM, Guilhermino L Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Uranium(VI) reduction and removal by high performing purified anaerobic cultures from mine soil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biological uranium reduction was investigated using bacteria isolated from a uranium mine in Limpopo, South Africa. Background uranium concentration in soil from the mine was determined to be 168mgkg(-1) much higher than the typical background uranium concentration in natural soils (0.30-11.7mgkg(-1)). Therefore it was expected that the bacteria isolated from the site were resistant to U(VI) toxicity. Preliminary studies using a non-purified consortium from the mine soil showed that U(VI) [uranyl(VI) dioxide, UO(2)(2+)] was reduced and re-oxidized intermittently due to the coexistence of U(VI) reducers and U(VI) oxidis...
Source: Chemosphere - October 31, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chabalala S, Chirwa EM Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Field observations of the persistence of Comp B explosives residues in a salt marsh impact area.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Field observations of weathering Comp B (RDX/TNT 60/40) residue were made on a live-fire training range over four years. The Comp B residue was formed by low-order detonations of 120-mm mortar projectiles. Physical changes were the disaggregation of initially solid chunks into masses of smaller diameter pieces and formation of red phototransformation products that washed off with rain or tidal flooding. Disaggregation increased the surface area of the residue, thereby increasing the potential for dissolution. The bulk of the mass of Comp B was in the craters, but solid chunks were scattered asymmetrically up to 30m awa...
Source: Chemosphere - October 31, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Walsh ME, Taylor S, Hewitt AD, Walsh MR, Ramsey CA, Collins CM Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Sublethal exposure of heavy metals induces micronuclei in fish, Channa punctata.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Present studies were designed to evaluate toxic potential of three common heavy metals, adequately present in agro-industrial effluents, viz. mercury, arsenic and copper using in vivo micronucleus assay in an actinopterygiian fish, Channa punctata (2n=32). Ten days laboratory acclimatized fishes were divided into five groups. Groups I and II served as negative and positive controls, respectively and fishes of group III-V were subjected uninterrupted to sublethal concentrations (10% of 96h LC(50)) of heavy metal compounds, HgCl(2) (0.081mgL(-1)), As(2)O(3) (6.936mgL(-1)) and CuSO(4).5H(2)O (0.407mgL(-1)) for 24, 48, 72,...
Source: Chemosphere - October 30, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yadav KK, Trivedi SP Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in aerial invertebrates at sewage treatment works.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we determine levels of EDCs in aerial insects whose larval stages develop on percolating filter beds at sewage treatment works. We compare absolute concentrations of known EDCs with those collected from aquatic environments not exposed to sewage effluent outflow. Our findings document for the first time that aerial invertebrates developing on sewage filter beds take up a range of chemicals thought to be incorporated from the sewage effluent, which act as endocrine disruptors. For two synthetic chemicals (17alpha-ethinylestradiol and butylated hydroxy aniline), concentrations were significantly higher in inse...
Source: Chemosphere - October 30, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Park KJ, Müller CT, Markman S, Swinscow-Hall O, Pascoe D, Buchanan KL Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Understanding butachlor toxicity in Aulosira fertilissima using physiological, biochemical and proteomic approaches.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examines butachlor-induced inhibition of growth, photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, photosystems I and II, whole chain electron transport, oxygen evolution, carbon fixation, ATP content, total thiol and glutathione contents of Aulosira fertilissima. For ascertaining if above mentioned changes are due to disturbance in plasma membrane integrity or proteins, fatty acid profiling and proteomics were done. Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) depicted a decrease in alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) which appears responsibl...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kumari N, Narayan OP, Rai LC Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Analysis of dioxin-like compounds formed in the combustion of tomato plant.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In an initial effort to minimize some of the uncertainty regarding the open burning of biomass, emission factors of carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were determined in the combustion of tomato plant in a residential stove and in two runs at 500 degrees C and 850 degrees C in a laboratory scale reactor. In all the runs nearly the same PAHs were identified, being naphthalene the main obtained. Combustion of tomato plant at 500 degrees C in the laboratory scale reactor produced the highest emission factors for all compounds analyzed. Tomato plant was analyzed for PCDD/F and dioxin-like...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Moltó J, Font R, Gálvez A, Rey MD, Pequenín A Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in various aqueous media: Persistence, toxicity and photoproducts assessment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The photochemical transformation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was investigated in different water matrices: distilled water (DW), distilled water+nitrate (10 and 20mgL(-1)) and seawater (SW) to evaluate its persistence, toxicity and degradation pathway. A solar simulator Suntest CPS+ was used for the irradiation experiments. Identification of transformation products was performed in DW by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Acute toxicity of irradiated solutions was monitored by Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays in DW. Differences in the degradation rates were observed between DW ...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Trovó AG, Nogueira RF, Agüera A, Sirtori C, Fernández-Alba AR Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Arsenite removal from waters by zero valent iron: Batch and column tests.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the efficiency of zero valent iron (ZVI) to remove arsenite from water. Batch experiments were carried out to study the removal rates of arsenite under different pH values and in the presence of low and high concentrations of various ions (chloride, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate and borate), manganese and dissolved organic matter. Most of these parameters affect negatively the removal of arsenite. Particularly, borate and organic matter at high concentrations significantly inhibited the efficiency of ZVI. Column tests were carried out to investigate the removal of arsenic under dynamic cond...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Biterna M, Antonoglou L, Lazou E, Voutsa D Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels in meat from broilers and rabbits fed with fish-oil enriched feeds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect on the final levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in meat when fats, in particular fish oils, are included as ingredients in feeds. Two types of animals (broilers and rabbits) were fed with three different experimental feeds containing varying amounts of two selected fish oils. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were determined in the fish oils, the feeds and in the animals' meat. For broilers, PCDD/F and DL-PCB profiles in meat samples were similar to those found in the corresponding feed...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Abalos M, Parera J, Rivera J, Abad E Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Estimation of ecotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in soil based on HPLC-GCXGC analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Detailed HPLC-GCXGC/FID (high performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) analysis of oil-contaminated soils was performed to interpret results of selected acute ecotoxicity assays. For the five ecotoxicity assays tested, plant seed germination and Microtox((R)) were selected as most sensitive for evaluating ecotoxicity of the oil in the soil phase and in the leaching water, respectively. The measured toxicity for cress when testing the soil samples did not correspond to TPH concentration in the soil. A detailed chemical composition ana...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mao D, Lookman R, Weghe HV, Weltens R, Vanermen G, Brucker ND, Diels L Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Response to Comment by Sierra Rayne and Kaya Forest on ''Ab initio study of the structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its branched isomers" [Chemosphere 76 (8) (2009) 1143-1149].Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19879630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere)
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Torres FJ, Ochoa-Herrera V, Blowers P, Sierra-Alvarez R Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Biomonitoring of atmospheric mercury levels with the epiphytic fern Lepisorus thunbergianus (Polypodiaceae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The suitability of the epiphytic fern Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching, common in East and Southeast Asia, for the in situ biomonitoring of atmospheric mercury levels was investigated. L. thunbergianus is an evergreen fern with young, mature and old fronds throughout the year. Fertile mature fronds were used for the monitoring since the young fronds showed a high relative standard deviation (RSD) due to a shorter period of exposure, and the old fronds showed significantly high mercury concentrations with a slightly high RSD. When the mercury concentration in the fronds was plotted against the average mercury conc...
Source: Chemosphere - October 29, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kono Y, Tomiyasu T Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Formation of polychlorinated compounds in the combustion of PVC with iron nanoparticles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The influence of iron nanoparticles in the fuel-rich combustion of PVC has been studied in this work. Dynamic runs for PVC and the mixture PVC and iron nanoparticles were firstly carried out by TGA-MS in order to study the influence of iron on the compounds evolved in the thermal degradation of PVC. To complete the study both PVC and a mixture of PVC and iron nanoparticles were burnt in a laboratory reactor under two different operating conditions: at 850 degrees C and in two stages, the first one at 375 degrees C and the resulting char cooled and subsequently burnt at 850 degrees C. Carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, ...
Source: Chemosphere - October 28, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Font R, Gálvez A, Moltó J, Fullana A, Aracil I Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

PBDEs in indoor dust in South-Central China: Characteristics and implications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dust samples were collected randomly from 76 houses, 12 offices, 43 outdoor sites, two televisions and two computers in South-Central China. The indoor dust samples were analyzed for the concentrations, congener profiles, and possible sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and compared to similar data obtained for outdoor dusts. The concentrations of summation operator(10)PBDEs (the sum of BDE28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) were 186.6-9654ngg(-1) (mean=2662ngg(-1)) and 1737-4408ngg(-1) (mean=3179ngg(-1)) for house dust and office dust, respectively. No significant differences were found amon...
Source: Chemosphere - October 27, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Huang Y, Chen L, Peng X, Xu Z, Ye Z Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals