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The interictal spike: what does it mean?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19780342 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rodin E Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Epileptiform EEG spikes and their functional significance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the elementary mechanisms underlying the generation of field potentials and the special functional conditions leading to epileptiform field potentials. Primary transmembranous currents generate secondary ional currents along the cell membranes in intra- and extracellular compartments. The portion of these currents that flows through the brain tissue to the cortical surface can be detected as field potentials. A high synchronization of these field potentials is needed to induce brain signals. Field potentials recorded during epileptic activity are based on alterations in neuronal membrane potentials. ...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gorji A, Speckmann EJ Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

An animal model to study the clinical significance of interictal spiking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interictal spikes (IIS) are paroxysmal discharges commonly observed in patients with epilepsy which represent an abnormally-synchronized population of hyperexcitable neurons firing as an aggregate. Due to conflicting studies on the clinical significance of IIS, research focusing on IIS has been sparse. However, recent attention on IIS has increased for patients undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy as a means to identify epileptic foci for surgical resection. There is growing evidence that IIS are not asymptomatic as has been commonly accepted. Other than epilepsy, IIS have been associated with a wide range of be...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Barkmeier DT, Loeb JA Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Epileptiform discharges in psychiatric patients: a controversy in need of resurrection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current view of the psychiatric significance of inter-ictal spike discharges (IIS) in nonepileptic, psychiatric patients is that the discharges are "incidental" and are of no clinical significance. Hence, despite a voluminous literature suggestive that such discharges may have clinical relevance, electroencephalograms are hardly ever recorded in nonepileptic psychiatric patients. This literature is briefly summarized, and one detailed example of a disorder (i.e., autistic spectrum disorders) where such discharges are particularly common is provided. The argument is made that this is an area of psychiatry that is un...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Boutros N Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

"All that spikes is not fits", mistaking the woods for the trees: the interictal spikes--an "EEG chameleon" in the interface disorders of brain and mind: a critical review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent research into mammalian cortical neurophysiology, after 6 decades of Berger's seminal work on electroencephalography, has shifted the older concept of interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) away from that of a mere electrographic graphoelement of relevance to diagnostic implications in epilepsy. Instead, accumulating information has stressed the neuropsychological implications, cognitive and/or behavioral consequence of these electrophysiological events, which are the phenotypic expression of aberrations of actual biophysical cellular function. We feel that this review is germane to neuropsychiatry, however, a r...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shelley BP, Trimble MR Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Automatic EEG spike detection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the 1970s advances in science and technology during each succeeding decade have renewed the expectation of efficient, reliable automatic epileptiform spike detection (AESD). But even when reinforced with better, faster tools, clinically reliable unsupervised spike detection remains beyond our reach. Expert-selected spike parameters were the first and still most widely used for AESD. Thresholds for amplitude, duration, sharpness, rise-time, fall-time, after-coming slow waves, background frequency, and more have been used. It is still unclear which of these wave parameters are essential, beyond peak-peak amplitude ...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Harner R Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Magnetoencephalography and magnetic source imaging in epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Magnetoencephalograpy (MEG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) provide physicians with complementary data and should not be regarded as mutually exclusive evaluative methods of cerebral activity. Relevant to this edition, MEG applications related to the surgical treatment of epilepsy will be discussed exclusively. Combined MEG/EEG data collection and analysis should be a routine diagnostic practice for patients who are still suffering seizures due to the failure of drug therapy. Clinicians in the field of epilepsy agree that a greater number of patients would benefit from surgery than are currently referred for pre-surgi...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Funke M, Constantino T, Van Orman C, Rodin E Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Advances in spike localization with EEG dipole modeling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
EEG interpretation by visual inspection of waveforms, using the assumption that activity at a given electrode is a representation of only the activity of the cortex immediately beneath it, has been the traditional form of EEG analysis since its inception. The relatively recent advent of digital EEG has allowed more advanced analysis of EEG data and has shown that the simple visual inspection described above is a simplistic form of analysis. This is especially true when one is attempting to localize an epileptogenic focus using EEG spikes or seizure onset data. Spatiotemporal analysis of scalp voltage fields has allowed...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rose S, Ebersole JS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Spikes and epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Digital EEG analysis provides significantly more information to the clinical electroencephalographer (EEGer) for scalp as well as for intracranial monitoring than is currently being routinely utilized. When modern data analysis software is used, interictal spikes contain considerably more information than had previously been ascribed to them. To optimize the diagnostic value of the EEG, sleep recordings after sleep deprivation is valuable because focal spikes, unless abundant, are relatively rare in the waking state. Recording time should also be sufficiently long to allow spikes to emerge. Spikes are always pathologic...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rodin E, Constantino T, Rampp S, Wong PK Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

What is the source of the EEG?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neurons in the human cortex generally process their information by means of electrical signals and thus enable the electrical recording of their activity, the electroencephalogram (EEG). Due to their unique orientation with their long apical dendrites perpendicular to the cortical surface, large cortical pyramidal neurons in deep cortical layers play a major role in the generation of the EEG. Specific and non-specific thalamic nuclei, as well as distant cortical areas, terminate on these apical dendrites and form myriads of excitatory and inhibitory afferents. The release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters ...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kirschstein T, Köhling R Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Source analysis of alpha rhythm reactivity using LORETA imaging with 64-channel EEG and individual MRI.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our study of brain sources of EEG alpha reactivity provides information that is not evident in the usual topographic analysis. PMID: 19715176 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cuspineda ER, Machado C, Virues T, Martínez-Montes E, Ojeda A, Valdés PA, Bosch J, Valdes L Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Brain electrical responses to high- and low-ranking buildings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the ancient world, architecture generally distinguishes two categories of buildings with either high- or low-ranking design. High-ranking buildings are supposed to be more prominent and, therefore, more memorable. Here, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to drawings of buildings with either high- or low-ranking architectural ornaments and found that ERP responses between 300 and 600 ms after stimulus presentation recorded over both frontal lobes were significantly more positive in amplitude to high-ranking buildings. Thus, ERPs differentiated reliably between both classes of architectural stimuli althoug...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Oppenheim I, Mühlmann H, Blechinger G, Mothersill IW, Hilfiker P, Jokeit H, Kurthen M, Krämer G, Grunwald T Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Visual dysfunction and computational sleep depth changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of this study are to clarify whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have a decline in verbally or visually-based cognitive abilities and whether the possible decline is related to particular sleep depth changes. In addition, the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the possible changes is investigated. Fifteen OSAS patients and 15 healthy controls joined two full-night polysomnographies, including a computational measure of deep sleep percentage (DS%) bilaterally from the frontal, central and occipital channels, and a neuropsychological assessment. After a 6-month CPAP...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Saunamäki T, Jehkonen M, Huupponen E, Polo O, Himanen SL Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Dementia, mild cognitive impairment and quantitative EEG in patients with Parkinson's disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggested qEEG as a possible physiological tool in the assessment of cognitive aspects in PD. PMID: 19715179 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fonseca LC, Tedrus GM, Letro GH, Bossoni AS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Meta-analysis of EEG biofeedback in treating epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
About one third of patients with epilepsy do not benefit from medical treatment. For these patients electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback is a viable alternative. EEG biofeedback, or neurofeedback, normalizes or enhances EEG activity by means of operant conditioning. While dozens of scientific reports have been published on neurofeedback for seizure disorder, most have been case series with too few subjects to establish efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to meta-analyze existing research on neurofeedback and epilepsy. We analyzed every EEG biofeedback study indexed in MedLine, PsychInfo, and PsychLit databases ...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tan G, Thornby J, Hammond DC, Strehl U, Canady B, Arnemann K, Kaiser DA Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: the effects on inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study selected research on neurofeedback treatment for ADHD was collected and a meta-analysis was performed. Both prospective controlled studies and studies employing a pre- and post-design found large effect sizes (ES) for neurofeedback on impulsivity and inattention and a medium ES for hyperactivity. Randomized studies demonstrated a lower ES for hyperactivity suggesting that hyperactivity is probably most sensitive to nonspecific treatment factors. Due to the inclusion of some very recent and sound methodological studies in this meta-analysis, potential confounding factors such as small studies, lack of randomiz...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Arns M, de Ridder S, Strehl U, Breteler M, Coenen A Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Changes in midlatency auditory evoked potentials following two yoga-based relaxation techniques.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion following CM the latencies of neural generators corresponding to cortical areas is prolonged, whereas following SR a similar change occurs at mesencephalic-diencephalic levels. PMID: 19715182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Subramanya P, Telles S Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

EEG abnormalities in poikilothermia suggesting Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 87-year-old woman was admitted with a rapidly progressive confusion, disorientation and myoclonus, all suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This diagnosis was initially strongly supported by the EEG, which showed slow background activity and triphasic waves, combined with the finding of an increased level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Remarkably, this patient had also developed hypothermia, which, after warming-up, resulted in alleviation of the mental disturbances and disappearance of myoclonus. Over time, the EEG abnormalities disappeared. She recovered clinically for which reaso...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bouwman NA, Verhagen WI, Meulstee J Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: an ictal EEG.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is common during childhood, but there are few reports in the literature recording the EEG during a seizure. We studied an 8-year-old boy with oropharyngeal seizures during wakefulness and sleep. Both his neuropsychomotor development and neurological examination were normal. While awake, the subjects's electroencephalogram (EEG) showed normal background activity and epileptiform activity characterized by spikes in the temporal regions (mid and anterior), central region of the right cerebral hemisphere and in the median central and parietal regions. During slee...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tedrus GM, Fonseca LC, Castilho DP, Bossoni AS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Resolution of EEG artifact during continuous renal replacement therapy: case report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe an electrical EEG artifact seen during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This artifact was spiky waves that disappeared with grounding of the CRRT device allowing accurate interpretation of the EEG tracing. PMID: 19715185 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Engel J, Graansma C, Liu T Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence-based neurobehavioral electrophysiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19534298 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Geddes JR Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence-based medicine and neurophysiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced to meet the increasing need of clinicians to keep up-to-date with the research evidence. EBM integrates advances in information technology with those in clinical epidemiology (the study of the distribution and determinants of disease) to provide a coherent strategy for the timely acquisition of the best available evidence on which to base clinical practice. A fundamental component of EBM has been the development of the methodology of research synthesis. Although the main driver of the development of EBM has been to get existing research into practice, the same approach can b...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Geddes JR, Carney S Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence-based medicine and electrophysiology in schizophrenia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the examined indices are good candidates but are not ready yet for clinical applications aimed to improve present diagnostic standards for schizophrenia. Further research carried out according to adequate methodological standards and based on large scale multi-center studies is mandatory. PMID: 19534300 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Galderisi S, Mucci A, Volpe U, Boutros N Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Use of clinical neurophysiology for the selection of medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder: the state of the evidence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Approximately 50% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) respond to the first antidepressant medication prescribed, and fewer than one-third experience remission of symptoms. The most significant challenge in the management of MDD, therefore, is selection of the antidepressant medication that is most likely to lead to response or to remission for an individual patient. There is a growing body of evidence that certain clinical neurophysiologic techniques may be useful for selecting the medication that is most likely benefit each patient. Use of low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), loudness depen...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Hunter A, Korb A Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence-based medicine evaluation of electrophysiological studies of the anxiety disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We provide a systematic, evidence-based medicine (EBM) review of the field of electrophysiology in the anxiety disorders. Presently, electrophysiological studies of anxiety focus primarily on etiological aspects of brain dysfunction. The review highlights many functional similarities across studies, but also identifies patterns that clearly differentiate disorder classifications. Such measures offer clinical utility as reliable and objective indicators of brain dysfunction in individuals and indicate potential as biomarkers for the improvement of diagnostic specificity and for informing treatment decisions and prognost...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Clark CR, Galletly CA, Ash DJ, Moores KA, Penrose RA, McFarlane AC Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

QEEG studies in the assessment and treatment of childhood disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Quantifying EEG measures across age allows the ability to establish parameters of normalcy at any age which can be used as a reference when children exhibit developmental delays in their abilities and/or other atypical and maladaptive behaviors. A review of the current literature on the utilization of QEEG methods to serve as an aid for identifying these children as distinctively different from normal, and in some cases as distinctive from other clinical considerations has been shown to provide a sufficient sensitivity and specificity worthy of consideration as a diagnostic aid in evaluating clinical deviations in deve...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cantor DS, Chabot R Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Recent EEG and ERP findings in substance abusers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research on electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of substance use has a long history. The present paper provides a review of recent studies--2001 to the present--with a focus on EEG findings in human participants characterized by a history of chronic substance use, abuse or dependence. In some areas (e.g., alcohol and cocaine dependence), the field has attempted to build upon earlier work by incorporating different methodologies or pursuing research questions of a transdisciplinary nature. New areas of inquiry, such as the investigation of EEG differences among users of ecstasy (MDMA) and methamphetamine, have emer...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ceballos NA, Bauer LO, Houston RJ Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence-based evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of resting EEG in dementia and mild cognitive impairment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, despite the wealth of published research and reported high indexes of diagnostic accuracy of EEG, and qEEG in particular, in individual studies, evidence of diagnostic utility of resting EEG in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still not sufficient to establish this method for the initial evaluation of subjects with cognitive impairment in the routine clinical practice. Joint effort of preferably multicenter studies using uniform standards should develop optimized methods, investigate added diagnostic value of EEG in clinically established dementia diagnosis and predictive utility of EEG in MCI...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jelic V, Kowalski J Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence, evidence-based medicine, and evidence utility in psychiatry and electrophysiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this issue a series of outstanding and comprehensive reviews of the progress of electrophysiological biomarkers or endophenotype indicators in psychiatric illnesses is presented. These reviews establish presence of electrophysiological abnormalities in symptom-based diagnoses of schizophrenia, dementia, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and childhood disorders. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity remain modest in most studies as may be expected for the relationship of indicators of underlying dimensions of brain organization and function when compared by interview-obtained symptom assessment. The power of elect...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - March 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Buchsbaum MS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Brain imaging in substance abusers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19278125 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Herning RI Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Substance use underlying behavior: investigation of theta and high frequency oscillations in emotionally relevant situations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High sensitivity of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) was shown to be one of the strongest predictors of substance use (SU). It was hypothesized that individuals with high BAS sensitivity would experience higher emotional arousal in the reward expectancy situation and lower in the punishment expectancy situation than individuals with low BAS activity. The level of emotional arousal indicated by theta spectral power, and general cortical excitability indicated by high frequency oscillations (HFO), were measured in a sample of young people who filled out Carver and White's Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Appro...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Knyazev GG, Slobodskoy-Plusnin JY Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

QEEG guided neurofeedback therapy in personality disorders: 13 case studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides the first evidence for positive effects of neurofeedback treatment in antisocial personality disorders. Further study with controls is warranted. PMID: 19278127 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Surmeli T, Ertem A Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Nicotine and attention: event-related potential investigations in nonsmokers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research into the effects of nicotine and smoking on cognition has largely confirmed the subjective reports of smoking in smokers on mental functions, showing smoking abstinence to disrupt and smoking/nicotine to restore cognitive functioning. Evidence of performance improvements in nonsmokers has provided partial support for the absolute effects of nicotine on cognitive processes, which are independent of withdrawal relief, but the mechanisms underlying its pro-cognitive properties still remain elusive. The attentional facilitation frequently reported with smoking/nicotine may be indirectly related to its diffuse arou...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Knott V, Shah D, Fisher D, Millar A, Prise S, Scott TL, Thompson M Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Design and validation of an improved nonferrous smoking device for self-administration of smoked drugs with concurrent fMRI neuroimaging.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several popularly abused drugs, such as nicotine (tobacco) and THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) (marihuana) are commonly self-administered by the smoked route. Although the neuronal substrates mediating the effect of smoked drugs are of interest, studies of their acute actions in living human brain has been difficult due to the unique constraints imposed by neuroimaging equipment and scanning environments. We have previously reported a device for the self-administration of smoked drugs with concurrent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI imaging. Here we report improvements to the device which result in improved d...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lindsey KP, Lukas SE, MacLean RR, Ryan ET, Reed KR, Frederick B Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

The influence of substance use on adolescent brain development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the extant literature on neurocognition, brain structure, and brain function in adolescent substance users with an emphasis on the most commonly used substances, and in the context of ongoing neuromaturational processes. Methodological and treatment implications are provided. PMID: 19278130 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Squeglia LM, Jacobus J, Tapert SF Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

EEG and cerebral blood flow velocity abnormalities in chronic cocaine users.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
EEG and cerebral blood flow abnormalities have been documented in chronic cocaine abusers. To identify possible relationships between EEG and blood flow changes and their relationship to the intensity of cocaine use, we recorded the resting eyes-closed EEG and anterior (ACA) and middle (MCA) cerebral artery blood flow velocity during systole (V(S)) and diastole (V(D)) by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography of 99 (76 male, 23 female; mean [SD] age 34.3 [5.2] years, 8.6 [5.5] years of cocaine use, 17.8 [7.7] days of cocaine use in month prior to screening) cocaine users within 5 days of admission to a closed research u...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - January 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Copersino ML, Heming RI, Better W, Cadet JL, Gorelick DA Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Cortical functional anatomy of voluntary saccades in Parkinson disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Parkinson Disease (PD) several aspects of saccades are affected. The saccade-generating brainstem neurons are spared, however, the signals they receive may be flawed. In particular voluntary saccades suffer, but the functional anatomy of the impairment of saccade-related cortical control is unknown. We measured blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activation with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while healthy participants and patients with PD performed horizontal voluntary saccades between peripheral visual targets or fixated centrally. We compared saccade-related BOLD-activity vs. fixation in patien...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rieger JW, Kim A, Argyelan M, Farber M, Glazman S, Liebeskind M, Meyer T, Bodis-Wollner I Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Changes in brain function during administration of venlafaxine or placebo to normal subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, cordance may detect the pharmacological effects of antidepressant medication in normal subjects. Future studies should examine other classes of medication, as well as antidepressants with other mechanisms of action, to determine if cordance detects antidepressant medication effects in general in normal subjects. PMID: 19044214 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leuchter AF, Cook IA, DeBrota DJ, Hunter AM, Potter WZ, McGrouther CC, Morgan ML, Abrams M, Siegman B Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Is the decreased longevity among left-handers related to an increase in heart disease?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many studies report that left-handers have a shorter longevity than right-handers, and the present study may provide a possible explanation for that finding. In a Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit for the elderly with a mean age of 75.2 years the prevalence of left-handers was 16.7%. This latter value was significantly different (p = 0.0028) from the 6.7% in controls of similar age. These data suggest that heart disease may be one reason for a reduced longevity among left-handers. Left-handers use the right hemisphere for movement, and unilateral activation of that hemisphere in the form of EEG desynchronization and deactiva...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hughes JR, Dorner E, Wind M Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Triphasic EEG pattern in bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction (BPTI) showing triphasic waves (TWs) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) at acute stage are presented in this study. BPTI is a rare syndrome with decreased level of consciousness, gaze abnormalities and cognitive deterioration. TWs are nonspecific EEG findings occurring in both metabolic and nonmetabolic conditions. The TWs in BPTI might be related to level of consciousness and does not always predict a poor prognosis in BPTI. PMID: 19044216 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kenangil G, Orken DN, Yalcin D, Gündogdu L, Forta H Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Hippocampic theta rhythm.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A prominent theta rhythm dominates the EEG of rodents such as rabbits, rats and mice. This rhythmical activity is preponderant in the hippocampus and may become quite widespread; it is usually arousal-related and generated by cholinergic mechanisms. This pattern has been intensively studied by experimental neuroscientists but is rather little known in circles of clinical electroencephalographers. Hippocampic theta rhythm is also found in canines and felines but at a clearly lesser degree and is practically absent in monkeys and humans. An olfactory memory of the macrosmatic rodents helps us understand "the world in whi...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Niedermeyer E Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Temporospatial characterization of brain oscillations (TSCBO) associated with subprocesses of verbal working memory in schizophrenia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The studies of the neural correlates of verbal working memory in schizophrenia are somewhat inconsistent. This could be related to experimental paradigms that engage differentially working memory components or methodological limitations in terms of characterization of brain activity. Magnetoencephalographic recordings were obtained on 10 schizophrenia patients and 11 healthy controls while performing a modified Sternberg paradigm to investigate subprocesses of verbal working memory. A new method for temporospatial characterization of brain oscillations was applied to whole head recordings and a 1-48 Hz frequency range....
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stephane M, Ince NF, Leuthold A, Pellizzer G, Tewfik AH, Surerus C, Kuskowski M, McClannahan K Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Power spectral frequency and coherence abnormalities in patients with intractable epilepsy and their usefulness in long-term remediation of seizures using neurofeedback.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Medically intractable seizures appear to be highly correlated with focal slow activity (delta or theta). They also correlate highly with decreases in the coherence of theta. Normalization of focal slowing and of decreased theta coherence will probably be the neurofeedback approaches most likely to decrease or eliminate seizures in future cases. Neurofeedback has been used for over 35 years to reduce the incidence and severity of seizures. With power training to decrease theta and increase the sensorimotor rhythm (12-15 Hz), an average of 82% of patients experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency, and occa...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Walker JE Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Alpha coma pattern in a child.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this article is to report a clinical case of alpha coma pattern in a child with neuroblastoma. The EEG pattern was recorded during the evolution of treatment, secondary to complicating septic encephalopathy. The alpha coma pattern was replaced by a normal trace following a favorable outcome after sepsis resolution. PMID: 19044220 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bragatti JA, Mattos AM, Bastes H, Riesgo RS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

EEG findings in an eleven-year-old girl with mercury intoxication.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An 11-year-old female was seen at our outpatient clinic with a broad variety of symptoms that were due to elemental mercury intoxication. Electromyography and sequential electroencephalography findings obtained at days 2, 36, 88 and 148 are described. The patient was treated with chelation therapy during which she clinically improved considerably. A profound decrease in urinary mercury concentration occurred as well as normalization of the electroencephalogram. PMID: 19044221 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Setz JM, van der Linde AA, Gerrits GP, Meulstee J Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact during electroencephalography.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present here an interesting non-physiological EEG artifact generated by cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts. PMID: 19044222 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sethi NK, Torgovnick J, Sethi PK, Arsura E Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Known, forgotten and rediscovered--electricity and the brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18751558 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - July 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: George MS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Cortical inhibition in motor and non-motor regions: a combined TMS-EEG study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, CI in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, motor cortex and parietal cortex were similar at 120% of motor threshold. These data suggest that CI can be recorded by combining TMS with EEG and may facilitate future research attempting to ascertain the role of CI in the pathophysiology of several neurologic and psychiatric disorders. PMID: 18751559 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience)
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - July 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ, Hoy K, Farzan F, Upton DJ, Cooper NR, Maller JJ Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Long-term effects of left frontal rTMS on EEG and ERPs in patients with depression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression has been under investigation in many controlled studies over the last 20 years. Little is known about the neurobiological action of rTMS in patients. We therefore investigated pre- and post-treatment effects on QEEG, ERP's and behavior (BDI and NEO-FFI). rTMS treatment was applied in 8 subjects for an average of 21 sessions to the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (left DLPFC). Clients were assessed on a QEEG and Oddball ERP evaluation pre- and post-treatment. Clients were stimulated over the left DLPFC with 10 Hz rTMS (100% MT). Furthermore...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - July 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Spronk D, Arns M, Bootsma A, van Ruth R, Fitzgerald PB Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals

Prefrontal EEG asymmetry as a potential biomarker of antidepressant treatment response with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): a case series.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We review studies that have used EEG as a response biomarker in depression, and then present preliminary EEG change data from an ongoing TMS depression treatment trial. These data in 4 depressed subjects over 3 weeks of treatment suggest but do not prove that there may be asymmetry changes that occur both within a daily TMS session and over the course of several weeks that may be associated with antidepressant response. EEG shows potential as a biomarker of response for depression treatments, particularly the brain stimulation devices, which, unlike medications, can focally interact with neural tissue in specific frequ...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - July 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Funk AP, George MS Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: journals