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Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - November 17, 2009 Category: Nutrition Source Type: journals

Editorial boardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Source Type: journals

Nutritional and exercise-based interventions in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Improved nutritional status is of utmost importance in mitigating the detrimental effects of ALS. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - September 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Barkha P. Patel, Mazen J. Hamadeh Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Growth hormone and protein metabolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Growth hormone (GH) and intracellular STAT 5 signalling represents a very old regulatory system and, whereas insulin dominates periprandially, GH may be viewed as the primary anabolic hormone during stress and fasting. GH exerts metabolic effects both directly and through stimulation of IGF-I, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA). When well nourished the GH-induced stimulation of IGF-I and insulin is important for tissue anabolism whereas during fasting and other catabolic states GH predominantly stimulates the release and oxidation of FFA which leads to decreased glucose and protein oxidation and preservation of L...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - September 7, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Niels Moller, Mikkel H. Vendelbo, Ulla Kampmann, Britt Christensen, Michael Madsen, Helene Norrelund, Jens O. Jorgensen Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Nutrition in care homes and home care: Recommendations – a summary based on the report approved by the Council of EuropeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Undernutrition in home care and care home settings has been acknowledged as a situation with various causes and significant consequences on both an individual and social level. A review article exposing this problem has been recently published. Consequently, scientific experts and other stakeholders were involved in formulating recommendations to tackle undernutrition and sensitize political authorities. The forum held in Brussels and its proceedings were considered as a baseline to interview stakeholders involved in care homes and home care in order to propose solutions on different levels. A full report includin...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - August 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: M. Arvanitakis, P. Coppens, L. Doughan, A. Van Gossum Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Source Type: journals

Association between dietary protein and change in body composition among children (EYHS)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Among girls high protein intakes may decrease body fat gain and increase fat free mass gain, depending on the available amounts and combinations of arginine and lysine. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Anneke J.A.H. van Vught, Berit L. Heitmann, Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen, Margriet A.B. Veldhorst, Robert-Jan M. Brummer, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga Tags: Short Report Source Type: journals

Cutoff values for central obesity in Chinese based on mesenteric fat thicknessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Aims: Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness (MFT) is a novel, accurate and simple tool to evaluate regional distribution of obesity. We used MFT to determine the optimal waist circumference (WC) values and associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: 282 healthy Chinese (age 41.8±7.4 years, BMI 23.8±3.3kg/m2) was assessed. High MFT was defined as mean+1 SD of the cohort. We compared the CVD risks including fatty liver amongst subjects with normal waist, central pre-obesity and central obesity.Results: WC of 84.6cm in men and 75.7cm in women were the optimal cutoff values to pre...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gary T. Ko, Kin-Hung Liu, Wing-Yee So, Peter C. Tong, Ronald C. Ma, Risa Ozaki, Alice P. Kong, Chun-Yip Yeung, Xilin Yang, Chung-Shun Ho, Winnie C. Chu, Juliana C. Chan Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Enteral nutrition rapidly reverses total parenteral nutrition-induced impairment of hepatic immunity in a murine modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: EN rapidly reverses TPN-induced impairment of hepatic immunity along with increased hepatic MNC numbers and LPS receptor expressions on Kupffer cells. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jiro Omata, Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Yoshinori Maeshima, Tomoyuki Moriya, Satoshi Murakoshi, Midori Noguchi, Koichi Okamoto, Satomi Fukazawa, Daizoh Saitoh, Hidetaka Mochizuki, Junji Yamamoto, Kazuo Hase Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Tocopherol isomer pattern in serum and stool of human following consumption of black currant seed press residue administered in whole grain breadEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Serum γ-tocopherol is thought to be associated with human health. The dietary influence of tocopherol and fibre-rich black currant seed press residue on serum and stool tocopherol concentration was investigated in a controlled human intervention study.Methods: Thirty-six women consumed bread enriched with black currant press residue (4 weeks). The resultant faecal and serum tocopherol concentrations were compared with those after a period consuming control bread without press residue and a normal baseline diet. Fibre intake and excretion, antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and vitamin C concentration...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Dorit Helbig, Andreas Wagner, Rainer Schubert, Gerhard Jahreis Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Short chain fatty acids exchange across the gut and liver in humans measured at surgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This is the first in vivo study on the role of the gut and liver in SCFAs exchange in humans in vivo. It is shown that intestinal SCFAs release by the gut is equalled by hepatic uptake. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Johanne G. Bloemen, Koen Venema, Marcel C. van de Poll, Steven W. Olde Damink, Wim A. Buurman, Cornelis H. Dejong Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Impact of disease activity on resting energy expenditure in children with inflammatory bowel diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We were unable to demonstrate a significant relationship between REE and disease activity in children with inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Anthony E. Wiskin, Stephen A. Wootton, David J. Culliford, Nadeem A. Afzal, Alan A. Jackson, Robert M. Beattie Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Half-solidification of nutrient does not decrease gastro-esophageal reflux events in patients fed via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Half-solidification of nutrition does not appear to be effective for preventing GER caused by liquid PEG feeding. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kyoichi Adachi, Kenji Furuta, Terumi Morita, Shuji Nakata, Shunji Ohara, Takashi Tanimura, Kenji Koshino, Masaharu Miki, Norihisa Ishimura, Yukiko Inoue, Kanji Ryuko, Nobuyuki Umegae, Syuzo Ohhata, Setsushi Katoh, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Yukiko Nariai, Yohko H Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Highly elevated C-reactive protein levels in obese patients with COPD: A fat chance?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recognized as a multi component disease. Currently, limited data are available about determining factors of systemic inflammation in COPD, in particular C-reactive protein (CRP).The aim was to determine whether and to what extent COPD patients with a low, high or obese body mass index (BMI) are more likely to have elevated CRP levels compared to normal-weight COPD patients. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the effects of clinically relevant covariates on the likelihood of having elevated CRP levels.Methods: In 628 elderly patients with modera...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Marie-Kathrin Breyer, Martijn A. Spruit, Annemie P.M. Celis, Erica P.A. Rutten, Paul P. Janssen, Emiel F.M. Wouters, On behalf of the CIRO Network Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Gastric emptying of three liquid oral preoperative metabolic preconditioning regimens measured by magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adult volunteers: A randomised double-blind, crossover studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Preoperative starvation has many undesirable effects but the minimum length of fasting is limited by gastric emptying, which may be dependent on nutrient content, viscosity and osmolarity of the feed. We compared the gastric emptying of two types of preoperative metabolic preconditioning drinks [Oral Nutritional Supplement (ONS) (Fresenius Kabi, Germany) and preOp® (Nutricia Clinical Care, UK)] in healthy volunteers.Methods: Twenty (10 male, 10 female) healthy adult volunteers were studied on 3 separate occasions in a randomised crossover manner. Volunteers ingested 400ml preOp®, which is a cl...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Dileep N. Lobo, Paul O. Hendry, Gabriel Rodrigues, Luca Marciani, John J. Totman, Jeff W. Wright, Tom Preston, Penny Gowland, Robin C. Spiller, Kenneth C.H. Fearon Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Olive oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: A short-term prospective controlled trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: OO lipid emulsion was well tolerated, maintained essential fatty acids and peroxidation status, and generated a favorable plasma lipid profile. In this study short-term use of OO intravenous lipid emulsions was safe in children who needed PN support during BMT. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Corina Hartman, Elisheva Ben-Artzi, Drora Berkowitz, Ronit Elhasid, Noah Lajterer, Serghei Postovski, Salim Hadad, Raanan Shamir Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Experiences of food access in hospital. A new questionnaire measureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We have developed a reliable and valid questionnaire measure of hospital food access. The measure reveals widespread problems of food access in hospital. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Smriti Naithani, Jane E. Thomas, Kevin Whelan, Myfanwy Morgan, Martin C. Gulliford Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Fast-track in open intestinal surgery: Prospective randomized study (Clinical Trials Gov Identifier no. NCT00123456)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background: Studies have shown the value of using fast-track postoperative recovery. Standard procedures (non-fast-track strategies) remain in common use for perioperative care. Few prospective reports exist on the outcome of fast-tracking in Central Europe. The aim of our study was to assess the effect and safety of our own fast-track protocol with regard to the postoperative period after open bowel resection.Patients and methods: One hundred and five patients with ASA score I–II scheduled for open intestinal resection in the period April 2005–December 2007 were randomly selected for the fast-track group (FT)...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Zuzana Šerclová, Petr Dytrych, Jaroslav Marvan, Kateřina Nová, Zuzana Hankeová, Ondřej Ryska, Zuzana Šlégrová, Lucie Burešová, Lucie Trávníková, František Antoš Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Dangers, and benefits of the cytokine mediated response to injury and infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: The inflammatory response is essential for survival in an environment where continuous exposure to noxious events threaten the integrity of the organism. However, the beneficial effects of the response are influenced by factors, which disadvantage individuals within a population. These factors include malnutrition, infection, genotype, gender, pre-existing inflammation, and chronic intoxication. Although the inflammatory response is generally successful in dealing with noxious events, life-long exposure to these events takes its toll on the integrity of the body and becomes apparent as chronic disease, atheroscler...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Peter B. Soeters, Robert F. Grimble Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Antioxidants in the prevention of atherosclerosis: The importance of proper patient selectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: We wish to comment on the recent publication by Katiski and Manes. We absolutely agree with the reviewers that there has been no consistent protective effect of any single antioxidant or combination against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, one reason why antioxidant trials may have failed to show clinical benefit in these studies may be related to inappropriate patient selection. Thus, we would like to present a recent prospective double blind placebo controlled study (ICARE), which assessed potential cardiovascular benefit from vitamin E in a subgroup of patients with both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) a...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yishai Levy, Shany Blum, Andrew P. Levy Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Protective effect of galactooligosaccharide-supplemented enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function in rats with severe acute pancreatitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Intestinal barrier dysfunction may play an important role in the secondary infectious complications associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We aimed to investigate the protective effect of enteral nutrition supplemented with prebiotics, namely, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), on intestinal barrier function in SAP rats.Methods: We randomly divided 60 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats into 6 groups: sham operation 4-d and 7-d groups, SAP with standard enteral nutrition (EN) 4-d and 7-d groups, and SAP with GOS-supplemented EN (PRE-EN) 4-d and 7-d groups (n = 10 in each group). The intestinal ba...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yan Zhong, Donglian Cai, Wei Cai, Shanshan Geng, Lingyun Chen, Ting Han Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Salacia oblonga extract increases glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake in L6 rat myotubes: Role of mangiferinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: S. oblonga extract and mangiferin may exert their antidiabetic effect by increasing GLUT4 expression and translocation in muscle cells. These effects are probably mediated through two independent pathways that are related to 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase and PPAR-γ. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: María Dolores Girón, Natalia Sevillano, Rafael Salto, Ali Haidour, Manuel Manzano, M.L. Jiménez, Ricardo Rueda, José M. López-Pedrosa Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of lipid emulsions on lipid body formation and eicosanoid production by human peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Stimulation of inflammatory cells and exposure to lipid emulsions promotes lipid body formation and eicosanoid production, although the differential effects of different emulsions appear to be largely due to lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in some emulsions in this in vitro system. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Renata M. Nanhuck, Aline Doublet, Parveen Yaqoob Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Tube feeding with a diabetes-specific feed for 12 weeks improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The diabetes-specific feed studied significantly improved longer-term glycaemic control in diabetic patients. This was achieved in addition to on-going anti-diabetic medication and may affect clinical outcome. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Nachum Vaisman, Mirian Lansink, Carlette H. Rouws, Katrien M. van Laere, R. Segal, Eva Niv, Tim E. Bowling, Dan L. Waitzberg, John E. Morley Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Heterogeneity of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio in predicting obesity-related metabolic disorders for Taiwanese aged 35–64yEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The associations between anthropometric measures and the metabolic disorders varied with comorbidity, gender, age groups, and smoking status. Waist-to-hip ratio was the best predictor for diabetes mellitus, especially for participants aged 45–64y. The anthropometric measures did not predict hypercholesterolemia well. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Chu-Chih Chen, Wuan-Szu Wang, Hsing-Yi Chang, Jih-Shin Liu, Yi-Ju Chen Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Risk factors for under- and overweight in school children of a low income area in Kolkata, IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Socio-economic and individual lifestyle features associated with the nutritional state were examined in 7–9-year-old children of lower and lower middle-class families living under the international poverty line. Mild and moderate undernutrition was frequent but overweight also occurred.Methods: Three groups of sex- and age-matched randomly selected children from the Kolkata Child Nutrition Study (data collection between April and November 2001) attending public primary schools of North Kolkata participated (42 children of low body mass index (BMI16kg/m2; HBMI). Individual and social characteri...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Letizia von Laer Tschudin, Chandon Chattopadhyay, Srikanta Pandit, Katharina Schramm-Garaj, Ujjwol Seth, Pratip K. Debnath, Ulrich Keller Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Nutritional risk of hospitalized patients in TurkeyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Nutritional risk is common in hospitalized Turkish patients. While patients at nutritional risk often do not receive nutritional support when hospitalized, nutritional risk occurs independent of nutritional support. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gülsen Korfalı, Haldun Gündoğdu, Semih Aydıntuğ, Mois Bahar, Tanju Besler, Ali Reşat Moral, Mehmet Oğuz, Melek Sakarya, Mehmet Uyar, Sadık Kılıçturgay Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Resting energy expenditure in non-ventilated, non-sedated patients recovering from serious traumatic brain injury: Comparison of prediction equations with indirect calorimetry valuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Little is known about energy requirements in brain injured (TBI) patients, despite evidence suggesting adequate nutritional support can improve clinical outcomes. The study aim was to compare predicted energy requirements with measured resting energy expenditure (REE) values, in patients recovering from TBI.Methods: Indirect calorimetry (IC) was used to measure REE in 45 patients with TBI. Predicted energy requirements were determined using FAO/WHO/UNU and Harris–Benedict (HB) equations. Bland–Altman and regression analysis were used for analysis.Results: One-hundred and sixty-seven successf...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Claire T. McEvoy, Gordon W. Cran, Stephen R. Cooke, Ian S. Young Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Total body water changes after an exercise intervention tracked using bioimpedance spectroscopy: A deuterium oxide comparisonEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background & aims: Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for the estimation of total body water (TBW) has advantages over isotope dilution techniques, including cost, portability, and ease of use. The aim of the current study was to determine the validity of a BIS device (Imp™ SFB7) for tracking changes in overfat and obese individuals.Methods: Sixty overfat and obese men and women (27±8yr, 33.41±3.81%fat) participated in the study. TBW was estimated using BIS and deuterium oxide (D2O) before and after the ten-week intervention.Results: Pre-and post-intervention BIS TBW estimations errors increased as body mass inde...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jordan R. Moon, Abbie E. Smith, Sarah E. Tobkin, Christopher M. Lockwood, Kristina L. Kendall, Jennifer L. Graef, Michael D. Roberts, Vincent J. Dalbo, Chad M. Kerksick, Joel T. Cramer, Travis W. Beck, Jeffrey R. Stout Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The effect of the plasma n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on the dietary LDL phenotype transformation – Insights from the LIPGENE studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Study demonstrates efficacy of dietary n-3 PUFA to modify pro-atherogenic to less atherogenic LDL phenotype in patients with metabolic syndrome.Study identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov was NCT00429195. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jadwiga Hartwich, Malgorzata Malczewska Malec, Lukasz Partyka, Pablo Pérez-Martinez, Carmen Marin, Jose López-Miranda, Audrey C. Tierney, Jolene Mc Monagle, Helen M. Roche, Catherine Defoort, Pawel Wolkow, Aldona Dembinska-Kieć Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Short-term starvation and mitochondrial dysfunction – A possible mechanism leading to postoperative insulin resistanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: There is evidence from animal studies that short-term starvation causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies should investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the development of insulin resistance in patients undergoing elective surgery. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sherif Awad, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu, Ian A. Macdonald, Dileep N. Lobo Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Decreased food intake is a risk factor for mortality in hospitalised patients: The NutritionDay survey 2006Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Many hospitalised patients in European hospitals eat less food than provided as regular meal. This decreased food intake represents an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: M. Hiesmayr, K. Schindler, E. Pernicka, C. Schuh, A. Schoeniger-Hekele, P. Bauer, A. Laviano, A.D. Lovell, M. Mouhieddine, T. Schuetz, S.M. Schneider, P. Singer, C. Pichard, P. Howard, C. Jonkers, I. Grecu, O. Ljungqvist, The NutritionDay Audit Team Tags: Invited Editorial Source Type: journals

Nutrition, hospital food and in-hospital mortalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Food is the bedrock of treatment for most malnourished patients in and out of hospital. Oral nutrition supplements are used in addition to food in a proportion of hospitalised patients, and enteral and parenteral nutrition is used in a minority of patients. Despite this, the evidence-base for the effects of hospital food intake on hard clinical outcome measures, such as mortality, complications and length of hospital stay, is weaker than for oral nutritional supplements and artificial nutrition. The extent to which the type, composition, and availability of hospital food can account for the above outcomes is not clear. The...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Marinos Elia Tags: Invited Editorial Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) in adult patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was introduced as a treatment modality in the early 1970s primarily for the treatment of chronic intestinal failure in patients with benign disease. The relatively low morbidity and mortality associated with HPN has encouraged its widespread use in western countries. Thus there is huge clinical experience, but there are still few controlled clinical studies of treatment effects and management of complications. The purpose of these guidelines is to highlight areas of good practice and promote the use of standardized treatment protocols between centers. The guidelines may serve as a f...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Michael Staun, Loris Pironi, Federico Bozzetti, Janet Baxter, Alastair Forbes, Francesca Joly, Palle Jeppesen, Jose Moreno, Xavier Hébuterne, Marek Pertkiewicz, Stefan Mühlebach, Alan Shenkin, André Van Gossum Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: GeriatricsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Older subjects are at increased risk of partial or complete loss of independence due to acute and/or chronic disease and often of concomitant protein caloric malnutrition. Nutritional care and support should be an indispensable part of their management. Enteral nutrition is always the first choice for nutrition support. However, when patients cannot meet their nutritional requirements adequately via the enteral route, parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated.PN is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure and age per se is not a reason to exclude patients from this treatment. The use of PN should always be balanced...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: L. Sobotka, S.M. Schneider, Y.N. Berner, T. Cederholm, Z. Krznaric, A. Shenkin, Z. Stanga, G. Toigo, M. Vandewoude, D. Volkert Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: On Cardiology and PneumologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Nutritional support is becoming a mainstay of the comprehensive therapeutic approach to patients with chronic diseases. Chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently associated with the progressive development of malnutrition, due to reduced energy intake, increased energy expenditure and impaired anabolism. Malnutrition and eventually cachexia have been shown to have a negative influence on the clinical course of CHF and COPD, and to impinge on patients' quality of life. Nutritional support in these patients should be therefore considered, particularly to prevent prog...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: S.D. Anker, A. Laviano, G. Filippatos, M. John, A. Paccagnella, P. Ponikowski, A.M.W.J. Schols Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Parenteral nutrition offers the possibility of increasing or ensuring nutrient intake in patients in whom normal food intake is inadequate and enteral nutrition is not feasible, is contraindicated or is not accepted by the patient.These guidelines are intended to provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. They were developed by an interdisciplinary expert group in accordance with accepted standards, are based on the most relevant publications of the last 30years and share many of the conclusions of the ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition in oncology.Under-nutri...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: F. Bozzetti, J. Arends, K. Lundholm, A. Micklewright, G. Zurcher, M. Muscaritoli Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: HepatologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Parenteral nutrition (PN) offers the possibility to increase or to ensure nutrient intake in patients, in whom sufficient nutrition by oral or enteral alone is insufficient or impossible. Complementary to the ESPEN guideline on enteral nutrition of liver disease (LD) patients the present guideline is intended to give evidence-based recommendations for the use of PN in LD. For this purpose three paradigm conditions of LD were chosen: alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), liver cirrhosis and acute liver failure. The guideline was developed by an interdisciplinary expert group in accordance with officially accepted standa...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mathias Plauth, Eduard Cabré, Bernard Campillo, Jens Kondrup, Giulio Marchesini, Tatjana Schütz, Alan Shenkin, Julia Wendon Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: PancreasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), together with the patient's nutritional status is crucial in the decision making process that determines the need for artificial nutrition. Both should be done on admission and at frequent intervals thereafter. The indication for nutritional support in AP is actual or anticipated inadequate oral intake for 5–7days. This period may be shorter in those with pre-existing malnutrition. Substrate metabolism in severe AP is similar to that in severe sepsis or trauma. Parenteral amino acids, glucose and lipid infusion do not affect pancreatic secretion and function...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: L. Gianotti, R. Meier, D.N. Lobo, C. Bassi, C.H.C. Dejong, J. Ockenga, O. Irtun, J. MacFie Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: GastroenterologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Undernutrition as well as specific nutrient deficiencies has been described in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and short bowel syndrome. In the latter, water and electrolytes disturbances may be a major problem.The present guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the indications, application and type of parenteral formula to be used in acute and chronic phases of illness.Parenteral nutrition is not recommended as a primary treatment in CD and UC. The use of parenteral nutrition is however reliable when oral/enteral feeding is not possible.There is a lack of data supporting ...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: André Van Gossum, Eduard Cabre, Xavier Hébuterne, Palle Jeppesen, Zeljko Krznaric, Bernard Messing, Jeremy Powell-Tuck, Michael Staun, Jeremy Nightingale Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Adult Renal FailureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Among patients with renal failure, those with ARF and critical illness represent by far the largest group undergoing artificial nutrition. ARF, especially in the ICU, seldom occurs as isolated organ failure but rather is a component of a much more complex metabolic environment, in the setting of the multiple organ failure. Nutritional programs for ARF patients must consider not only the metabolic derangements peculiar to renal failure and with the underlying disease process/associated complications, but also the relevant derangements in nutrient balance due to renal replacement therapies, especially when highly ef...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: N.J.M. Cano, M. Aparicio, G. Brunori, J.J. Carrero, B. Cianciaruso, E. Fiaccadori, B. Lindholm, V. Teplan, D. Fouque, G. Guarnieri Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Intensive careEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Nutritional support in the intensive care setting represents a challenge but it is fortunate that its delivery and monitoring can be followed closely. Enteral feeding guidelines have shown the evidence in favor of early delivery and the efficacy of use of the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral nutrition (PN) represents an alternative or additional approach when other routes are not succeeding (not necessarily having failed completely) or when it is not possible or would be unsafe to use other routes. The main goal of PN is to deliver a nutrient mixture closely related to requirements safely and to avoid complicati...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pierre Singer, Mette M. Berger, Greet Van den Berghe, Gianni Biolo, Philip Calder, Alastair Forbes, Richard Griffiths, Georg Kreyman, Xavier Leverve, Claude Pichard Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: SurgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: In modern surgical practice it is advisable to manage patients within an enhanced recovery protocol and thereby have them eating normal food within 1–3days. Consequently, there is little room for routine perioperative artificial nutrition. Only a minority of patients may benefit from such therapy. These are predominantly patients who are at risk of developing complications after surgery. The main goals of perioperative nutritional support are to minimize negative protein balance by avoiding starvation, with the purpose of maintaining muscle, immune, and cognitive function and to enhance postoperative recovery.Se...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: M. Braga, O. Ljungqvist, P. Soeters, K. Fearon, A. Weimann, F. Bozzetti Source Type: journals

ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Central Venous Catheters (access, care, diagnosis and therapy of complications)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: When planning parenteral nutrition (PN), the proper choice, insertion, and nursing of the venous access are of paramount importance. In hospitalized patients, PN can be delivered through short-term, non-tunneled central venous catheters, through peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), or – for limited period of time and with limitation in the osmolarity and composition of the solution – through peripheral venous access devices (short cannulas and midline catheters). Home PN usually requires PICCs or – if planned for an extended or unlimited time – long-term venous access devices (tunneled catheters...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mauro Pittiruti, Helen Hamilton, Roberto Biffi, John MacFie, Marek Pertkiewicz Source Type: journals

The ESPEN clinical practice guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Present status and perspectives for future researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: The ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition (PN) reflect current scientific knowledge in the field of clinical nutrition in adults. They summarize the indications for PN and its anticipated outcomes in respect of the underlying disease, nutritional status and quality of life. They are companion documents to the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition and follow the same general format. They address the influence of the underlying disease on the patient's nutritional status, and that of malnutrition on the outcome of the disease. Contraindications to and complications of PN are considered, together with comparative ...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 14, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Federico Bozzetti, Alastair Forbes Source Type: journals

Administration of Chlorella sp. microalgae reduces endotoxemia, intestinal oxidative stress and bacterial translocation in experimental biliary obstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Rationale: Endotoxemia has long been documented in obstructive jaundice, and altered intestinal barrier function is considered to be one of the important mechanisms for this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp.) extracts in intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in experimentally jaundiced rats.Methods: A total of 60 male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each: I, sham operated; II, bile duct ligation (BDL); III, BDL+Chlorella sp.; IV, BDL+Spirulina sp. Rats were fed rat chow or microalgae extracts su...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - July 9, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Abdulkadir Bedirli, Mustafa Kerem, Ebru Ofluoglu, Bulent Salman, Hikmet Katircioglu, Nurdan Bedirli, Demet Yılmazer, Murat Alper, Hatice Pasaoglu Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Reply: Feeding in acute pancreatitis – avoiding the enteralist dogmaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
I appreciate the interest of Dr. Thomson in my recent publication in the Clinical Nutrition. I concur with his opinion that dogmas in medicine in general and in the field of acute pancreatitis in particular should be avoided. I also acknowledge that a policy of placing enteral feeding tubes in all patients with acute pancreatitis might be inappropriate. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - June 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Maxim S. Petrov Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Letter to the EditorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dr. Max Petrov is right in concluding that there is growing evidence that early enteral nutritional support may attenuate pancreatitis related complications and facilitate re-feeding. Further evidence for this comes from a recent trial from Canada where no difference in morbidity or mortality was observed between enterally and parenterally fed patients, in whom nutritional support was delayed for four days after disease onset. To advocate a blanket policy of placing feeding tubes into all, or even most of, these patients however seems somewhat zealous and smacks of “enteralism” as about 80% of patients will make an une...
Source: Clinical Nutrition - June 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrew Thomson Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Endoscopic placement of postpyloric nasoenteric feeding tubes: The importance of the guidewire usedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nutritional support is indicated for persons who are unable to consume adequate oral nutrition. Enteral nutritional support is generally preferred over parenteral nutritional support, based on preservation of gut integrity and function, associated risks, and direct and indirect costs. Nasoenteric tubes (NET) are generally placed when enteral nutrition is indicated for 30 days or less. Techniques for achieving NET placement include unguided bedside insertion or fluoroscopic, endoscopic, or direct surgical guidance, without significant differences in the success rate or time of placement between them. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - June 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Vicente Moreno de Vega, Pau Moreno, Jordi Muchard, Jaume Boix Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Muscle cramps are the commonest side effect of home parenteral nutritionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Muscle cramps have a high prevalence in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. (Source: Clinical Nutrition)
Source: Clinical Nutrition - June 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: D.A. Elphick, M. Baker, J.P. Baxter, J.M.D. Nightingale, T. Bowling, K.B. Page, M.E. McAlindon Tags: Short Report Source Type: journals