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Cytokine Expression in CD3+ Cells in an Infant with Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES): Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report a case of FPIES to rice in an 8-month-old boy. We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to rice and we measured the intracellular T cell expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4); IL-10, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) pre-and post-challenge during an acute FPIES reaction and when tolerance to rice had been achieved. For the first time we describe an increase in T cell IL-4 and decrease in IFN-γ expression after a positive challenge with rice (i.e. rice triggered a FPIES attack) and an increase in T cell IL-10 expression after rice challenge 6 months later after...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - November 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

What does the report of the USMHRP Phase III study in Thailand mean for HIV and for vaccine developers?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19906099 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - November 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Graham BS Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Retraction statement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19906100 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - November 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Toll-like receptor 4 expression is increased in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study shows for the first time an up-regulation of TLR-4 in circulating mononuclear cells of patients with IgAN, particularly in association with proteinuria and heavy microscopic haematuria. PMID: 19891659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - November 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Coppo R, Camilla R, Amore A, Peruzzi L, Daprà V, Loiacono E, Vatrano S, Rollino C, Sepe V, Rampino T, Canton AD Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Functional analysis of dendritic cell-T cell interaction in sarcoidosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigate the interaction between monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells in patients with sarcoidosis compared to normal controls (n = 8 each) by examining the kinetics of autologous and allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions over 9-10 days. We found markedly depressed proliferation kinetics in autologous DC-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) co-cultures from sarcoid patients compared to normal subjects. In allogeneic experiments PBMCs from patients showed a reduced response to allogeneic DCs from a single donor, but no difference was observed in the ability of patients and control DCs to stim...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kulakova N, Urban B, McMichael AJ, Ho LP Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Milder clinical hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome phenotype is associated with partial interleukin-17 deficiency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary Mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were reported to cause hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES). The present study investigates T helper type 17 (Th17) responses triggered by the relevant stimuli Staphylococcus aureus and Candidia albicans in five 'classical' HIES patients, and a family with three patients who all had a milder HIES phenotype. We demonstrate that patients with various forms of HIES have different defects in their Th17 response to S. aureus and C. albicans, and this is in line with the clinical features of the disease. Interestingly, a partial deficiency o...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: van de Veerdonk FL, Marijnissen R, Joosten LA, Kullberg BJ, Drenth JP, Netea MG, van der Meer JW Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Allergic women show reduced T helper type 1 alloresponses to fetal human leucocyte antigen mismatch during pregnancy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored the effects of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch on materno-fetal interactions detected as cytokine responses and lymphoproliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions, and whether this was altered in allergic women (n = 62) who have a Th2 propensity compared with non-allergic women (n = 65). HLA-DRbeta1 mismatch was associated with significantly increased Th1 interferon (IFN)-gamma, Th2 interleukin (IL)-13 and lymphoproliferative responses by both mothers and fetuses. Allergic women showed significantly lower IFN-gamma Th1 production in response to HLA-DRbeta1 mismatch. The infants of these women also...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Prescott SL, Breckler LA, Witt CS, Smith L, Dunstan JA, Christiansen FT Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Complement activation pathways in murine immune complex-induced arthritis and in C3a and C5a generation in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary The alternative pathway (AP) of complement alone is capable of mediating immune complex-induced arthritis in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model in mice. Whether the classical pathway (CP) or lectin pathway (LP) alone can mediate CAIA is not known. Using mice genetically deficient in different complement components, our results reported herein establish that the CP and LP alone are each incapable of mediating CAIA. A lower level or absence of C3 and/or C5 activation by the CP may be possible explanations for the importance of the AP in CAIA and in many murine models of disease. In addition, oth...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Banda NK, Levitt B, Wood AK, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Holers VM, Arend WP Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Activation profile of Toll-like receptors of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with aberrant activation of T and B lymphocytes for the production of inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive antibodies. Animal studies of SLE have indicated that Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important in the pathogenesis of murine lupus. In the present clinical study, differential protein expressions of TLR-1-9 of monocytes and different lymphocyte subsets from patients with SLE and normal control subjects were determined by flow cytometry. Results showed that the expression of intracellular TLRs (TLR-3, -8, -9) and extracellular ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wong CK, Wong PT, Tam LS, Li EK, Chen DP, Lam CW Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells enhances natural killer T cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity in a murine mammary breast cancer model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have shown that T(regs) regulate NK T cell function negatively in vitro, suggesting a direct interaction between these cell types. In a murine mammary tumour model, we demonstrated that administration of either alpha-GalCer or anti-CD25 antibody alone markedly suppressed tumour formation and pulmonary metastasis, and resulted in an increase in the survival rate up to 44% (from a baseline of 0%). When treatments were combined, depletion of T(regs) boosted the anti-tumour effect of alpha-GalCer, and the survival rate jumped to 85%. Our results imply a potential application of combining T(reg) cell depletion...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 7, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hong H, Gu Y, Zhang H, Simon AK, Chen X, Wu C, Xu XN, Jiang S Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Laser microdissection-based analysis of cytokine balance in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary To determine the cytokine balance in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), we analysed kidney-infiltrating T cells. Renal biopsy samples from 15 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were used. In accordance with the classification of International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society, they were categorized into Class III, Class III+V (Class III-predominant group, n = 4), Class IV, Class IV+V (Class IV-predominant group, n = 7) and Class V (n = 4) groups. The single-cell samples of both the glomelular and interstitial infiltrating cells were captured by laser-microdissection. The glomerular and int...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - October 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang Y, Ito S, Chino Y, Goto D, Matsumoto I, Murata H, Tsutsumi A, Hayashi T, Uchida K, Usui J, Yamagata K, Sumida T Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. EGFR is the first molecular target against which monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed for cancer therapy. Here we review the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy. The efficacy of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer occurs thanks to inhibition of EGFR-generated signalling; furthermore, the effects of antibodies on the immune system seem to play an important role in determining the overall anti-tumour response. In this review, attention ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Martinelli E, De Palma R, Orditura M, De Vita F, Ciardiello F Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Cytokine and anti-cytokine therapy in asthma: ready for the clinic?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asthma is a common disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Up to 10% of these patients have asthma that is refractory to current therapy. This group have a disproportionate use of health care resources attributed to asthma, have significant morbidity and mortality and therefore represent an unmet clinical need. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous condition that is characterized by typical symptoms and disordered airway physiology set against a background of airway inflammation and remodelling. The inflammatory process underlying asthma is co-ordinated by a cytokine network. Modulating this network with biologica...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Desai D, Brightling C Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Vitamin D and respiratory health.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vitamin D is now known to be of physiological importance outside of bone health and calcium homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that it plays a beneficial role in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide range of diseases. In this brief review the known effects of vitamin D on immune function are described in relation to respiratory health. Vitamin D appears capable of inhibiting pulmonary inflammatory responses while enhancing innate defence mechanisms against respiratory pathogens. Population-based studies showing an association between circulating vitamin D levels and lung function provide strong justificat...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hughes DA, Norton R Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Glucocorticoid treatment restores the impaired suppressive function of regulatory T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, GC treatment restores the impaired T(reg) function in patients with RR-MS in its acute phase. PMID: 19737227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xu L, Xu Z, Xu M Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Coagulation activation in autoimmune bullous diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main autoimmune blistering skin disorders are pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). They differ in the inflammatory infiltrate, which is more intense in BP. Inflammation is known to activate coagulation in several disorders. Local and systemic activation of coagulation was evaluated in BP and PV. We studied 20 BP patients (10 active and 10 remittent), 23 PV patients (13 active and 10 remittent) and 10 healthy subjects. The coagulation markers prothrombin fragment F1+2 and D-dimer were measured by enzyme-immunoassays in plasma. The presence of tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of blood coagulatio...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marzano AV, Tedeschi A, Spinelli D, Fanoni D, Crosti C, Cugno M Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Reciprocal effect of mesenchymal stem cell on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report we demonstrate that MSCs have the capacity for either stimulating or inhibiting myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner and modulate antigen-stimulated T cells to differentiate into either T helper type 17 or regulatory T cells, respectively, via pathways involving transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. These results may lead better utility of MSCs as a treatment for autoimmune disease. PMID: 19737229 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Liu XJ, Zhang JF, Sun B, Peng HS, Kong QF, Bai SS, Liu YM, Wang GY, Wang JH, Li HL Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Impaired activation of Stat1 and c-Jun as a possible defect in macrophages of patients with active tuberculosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Studies of patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and infected healthy individuals have shown that interferon (IFN)-gamma is present in sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in comparable levels. This suggests that there is a deficiency in the macrophage response to IFN-gamma in TB patients. We used recombinant human IFN-gamma to stimulate adherent monocyte-derived macrophages from three groups of people: patients with active tuberculosis (TBP), their healthy household contacts (HHC) and healthy uninfected controls from the community (CC). We then evaluated the ability of the macrophages to inhibit the growth o...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Esquivel-Solís H, Quiñones-Falconi F, Zarain-Herzberg A, Amieva-Fernández RI, López-Vidal Y Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Conserved T cell and natural killer cell function in treatment-experienced adults receiving tenofovir plus didanosine as nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor backbone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) usually results in efficient control of virus replication and in immune reconstitution. Among potential adverse effects, impairment of immune responses in terms of CD4(+) T cell counts has been attributed to some ART regimens, as with didanosine-tenofovir. We studied the functional integrity of adaptive and innate immunity during didanosine-tenofovir-containing ART. Two groups of extensively pretreated patients completing at least 48 weeks of ART containing either lamivudine-didanosine (n = 21) or tenofovir-didanosine (n = 25) were identified. In addition to standard clinical immune and ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Costa P, Bozzano F, Fenoglio D, Beltrame A, Cenderello G, Di Biagio A, Ferrea G, Pagano G, De Maria A Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Mycobacterial antigen-induced T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic and non-diabetic tuberculosis patients and Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycobacterial antigen-induced T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic and non-diabetic tuberculosis patients and Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy subjects. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Oct;158(1):64-73 Authors: Al-Attiyah RJ, Mustafa AS Patients with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB), and the clinical conditions of diabetic TB patients deteriorate faster than non-diabetic TB patients, but the immunological basis for this phenomenon is not understood clearly. Given the role of cell-mediated immunity ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Al-Attiyah RJ, Mustafa AS Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Glucocorticoid sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease alveolar macrophages.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to identify Gc-insensitive inflammatory mediators produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages from COPD patients. LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages from 15 COPD patients, nine smokers (S) and nine healthy non-smokers (HNS) were stimulated with LPS with or without dexamethasone (100 and 1000 nM). Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure 23 inflammatory mediators. After LPS stimulation there were lower levels of inflammatory mediators in COPD patients and S compared to HNS. There was no difference between groups for the effects of dexamethas...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Armstrong J, Sargent C, Singh D Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Multi-nucleated giant cell formation from human cord blood monocytes in vitro, in comparison with adult peripheral blood monocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs; Langhans-type cell), formed from macrophage fusion, are recognized as a hallmark histological feature in chronic inflammation. However, their precise pathological role is still poorly understood, especially for microorganism pathogens in the neonatal immune system, which are capable of surviving intracellularly in phagocytes. To conduct a partial evaluation of the monocyte function of neonates, we investigated the ability of human cord blood monocytes to form MGCs in vitro by stimulating various cytokines and comparing them with adult peripheral blood monocytes. Monocytes from cord bl...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kondo Y, Yasui K, Yashiro M, Tsuge M, Kotani N, Morishima T Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Blocking T cell co-stimulation using a CD80 blocking small molecule reduces delayed type hypersensitivity responses in rhesus monkeys.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Blockade of co-stimulation signals between T cells and antigen-presenting cells could be an important approach for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Recently a series of small compound inhibitors which bind human CD80 (B7-1) and inhibit T cell co-stimulation has been described. To investigate their potency for clinical use, one of these compounds, RhuDex, was evaluated for reactivity with rhesus monkey CD80. The in vitro biological effect on rhesus monkey lymphocytes, the potency for suppression of an inflammatory recall response and the protein-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) respo...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Haanstra KG, Endell J, Estévâo D, Kondova I, Jonker M Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations have no direct effect on B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used for treatment of a variety of immunological disorders and in transplantation. As one of its applications in transplantation is the reduction of donor specific antibodies in the circulation, we examined the direct effect of IVIg on essential parameters of human B cell responses in vitro. Purified human B cells, human B cell hybridomas and T cells were cultured in the presence of graded concentrations of IVIg to test its effect on their proliferative capacity. To address the effect of IVIg on immunoglobulin production, we designed a novel technique making use of quantitative poly...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Heidt S, Roelen DL, Eijsink C, Eikmans M, Claas FH, Mulder A Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

T-bet and pSTAT-1 expression in PBMC from coeliac disease patients: new markers of disease activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Coeliac disease (CD) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, and up-regulation of T-bet and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (pSTAT)1, key transcription factors for the development of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, has been described in the mucosa of patients with untreated CD. Using transcription factor analysis, we investigated whether T-bet and pSTAT1 expressions are up-regulated in the peripheral blood of CD patients and correlate with disease activity. Using flow cytometry, we analysed T-bet, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 expression in CD4(+), CD8(+) T cells, CD19(+) B cells and mono...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Frisullo G, Nociti V, Iorio R, Patanella AK, Plantone D, Bianco A, Marti A, Cammarota G, Tonali PA, Batocchi AP Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Increased immunoglobulin A in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: exploring the response of B cells to Toll-like receptor 9 activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is characterized by increased circulating levels of immunoglobulins (Igs). ALC patients undergo bacterial translocation evidenced by the presence of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood. Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) DNA are ligands of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2 and TLR-9, respectively. Although TLR activation results generally in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of B cells through TLR-7 or TLR-9 is involved in their maturation a...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Massonnet B, Delwail A, Ayrault JM, Chagneau-Derrode C, Lecron JC, Silvain C Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Ex vivo expanded telomerase-specific T cells are effective in an orthotopic mouse model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Telomerase activity is over-expressed in nearly all pancreatic carcinomas, but not in chronic pancreatitis. Here, we investigated various protocols for expansion of telomerase-specific T cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model. Telomerase-specific T cells were generated by stimulation of splenocytes from peptide-immunized donor mice with either interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, artificial antigen-presenting cells, anti-signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) microbeads or allogeneic dendritic cells in combination with a limited dilution assay. T cells were tested...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hassanin H, Serba S, Schmidt J, Märten A Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Airway-specific recruitment of T cells is reduced in a CD26-deficient F344 rat substrain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this is the first report showing a differential site-specific recruitment of T cells to the bronchi in a CD26-deficient rat substrain during an asthma-like inflammation. PMID: 19737240 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Schade J, Schmiedl A, Kehlen A, Veres TZ, Stephan M, Pabst R, von Hörsten S Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Spatiotemporal expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, expression levels of various chemokines and chemokine receptors were increased in anti-MPO NCGN, and expressed particularly in glomeruli. These chemokines and receptors may serve as potential targets for treatment. Inhibition of a single target, CXCR2, did not attenuate anti-MPO NCGN. Combinatorial interventions may be necessary to avoid redundancy. PMID: 19737241 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: van der Veen BS, Petersen AH, Belperio JA, Satchell SC, Mathieson PW, Molema G, Heeringa P Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in haploidentical haemopoietic stem cell transplantation to cure high-risk leukaemias.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A number of experimental studies have shown that natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate cancer cells and the mechanisms involved in this effect have been uncovered during the last two decades. Clinical data from haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) revealed that NK cells were responsible for remarkably favourable effects in both adult and paediatric high-risk leukaemias. NK receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, including killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) and CD94/NKG2A, play a major role in the anti-leukaemia effect (mediating eit...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Moretta A, Pende D, Locatelli F, Moretta L Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Altered innate immune response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are of crucial importance in immune regulation and response to microbial factors. In multiple sclerosis (MS), pDCs from peripheral blood showed an immature phenotype, but its role in susceptibility to MS is not determined. Because infectious diseases are established triggers of exacerbations in MS, in this study we have characterized the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and the maturation and functional properties of peripheral blood pDCs from clinically stable, untreated MS patients in response to signals of innate immunity. After stimulation of TLR-9, interferon (IFN)-alpha ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bayas A, Stasiolek M, Kruse N, Toyka KV, Selmaj K, Gold R Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Cells with regulatory function of the innate and adaptive immune system in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cells with regulatory function of the innate and adaptive immune system in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Sep;157(3):343-9 Authors: Szodoray P, Papp G, Horvath IF, Barath S, Sipka S, Nakken B, Zeher M The aim of the present study was to describe subsets of cells with regulatory properties in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and to correlate these cell populations with clinical symptoms. Among the 32 investigated patients, 23 had extraglandular manifestations (EGMs), while nine had only glandular symptoms. Twenty healthy individuals served as controls. The percentages of natural ki...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Szodoray P, Papp G, Horvath IF, Barath S, Sipka S, Nakken B, Zeher M Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Vaccination with collagen-pulsed dendritic cells prevents the onset and reduces the disease severity in the mouse model of spontaneous polychondritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here that injection of iDCs pulsed with chick type II collagen (CII) delayed the onset significantly and suppressed the severity of spontaneous polychondritis (SP) in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ6alphabeta8alphabeta transgenic mouse model. Bone marrow-derived iDCs were pulsed in vitro with CII and transferred into 6-week-old HLA-DQ6alphabeta8alphabeta transgenic mice. Mice receiving CII-pulsed iDCs did not display any clinical signs of disease until 5.5 months of age, indicating the ability of the DC vaccine to delay significantly the onset of SP. Control groups receiving unpulsed iDCs or phosphate-buffer...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sidhu M, Griffiths MM, Bradley DS Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Beta-glucosylceramide ameliorates liver inflammation in murine autoimmune cholangitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have demonstrated spontaneous development of autoimmune cholangitis, similar to human primary biliary cirrhosis, in mice expressing a dominant negative form of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor (dnTGF-betaRII) restricted to T cells. The autoimmune cholangitis appears to be mediated by autoreactive CD8(+) T lymphocytes that home to the portal tracts and biliary system. Because the liver pathology is primarily secondary to CD8(+) T cells, we have determined herein whether administration of beta-glucosylceramide (GC), a naturally occurring plant glycosphingolipid, alters the natural history of disease in thi...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhang W, Moritoki Y, Tsuneyama K, Yang GX, Ilan Y, Lian ZX, Gershwin ME Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Invariant natural killer (iNK) T cell deficiency in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a B cell immunodeficiency disorder characterized frequently by failure of memory B cell development and antibody secretion. A unifying cellular pathogenesis for CVID has not been forthcoming, but given the immunoregulatory role of invariant NK (iNK) T cells and their absence in several other immunodeficiencies, we quantified these cells in the blood of 58 CVID patients. There was a marked decrease in the proportion of iNK T cells in CVID patients compared with controls. This was particularly notable in those with low isotype-switched memory B cells, but subset analysis demonst...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fulcher DA, Avery DT, Fewings NL, Berglund LJ, Wong S, Riminton DS, Adelstein S, Tangye SG Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Dexamethasone suppresses interleukin-22 associated with bacterial infection in vitro and in vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interleukin (IL)-22 production triggered by innate immune mechanisms has been identified as key to efficient intestinal anti-bacterial host defence and preservation of homeostasis. We hypothesized that glucocorticoid therapy may impair IL-22 expression, which should promote intestinal epithelial damage with the potential of subsequent bacterial translocation. High-dose corticosteroid therapy in Crohn's disease has been associated with an increased rate of abscess formation and ultimately with a higher risk of developing postoperative infectious complications, including abdominal sepsis. Thus, we sought to investigate e...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ziesché E, Scheiermann P, Bachmann M, Sadik CD, Hofstetter C, Zwissler B, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

The skin homing receptor cutaneous leucocyte-associated antigen (CLA) is up-regulated by Leishmania antigens in T lymphocytes during active cutaneous leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cutaneous leucocyte-associated antigen receptor (CLA) can direct Leishmania-specific T lymphocytes towards inflamed skin lesions. Homing receptors [CLA, lymphocyte-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) or CD62L] were analysed in lymphocytes from blood and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions. CL patients with active lesions (A-CL) presented lower levels of T lymphocytes expressing the CLA(+) phenotype (T CD4(+) = 10.4% +/- 7.5% and T CD8(+) = 5.8% +/- 3.4%) than did healthy subjects (HS) (T CD4(+) = 19.3% +/- 13.1% and T CD8(+) = 21.6% +/- 8.8%), notably in T CD8(+) (P < 0.001). In clinically cured patients these percent...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mendes-Aguiar Cde O, Gomes-Silva A, Nunes E, Pereira-Carvalho R, Nogueira RS, Oliveira-Neto Mde P, Bertho AL, Da-Cruz AM Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

CD3 expression distinguishes two gammadeltaT cell receptor subsets with different phenotype and effector function in tuberculous pleurisy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tuberculous pleurisy is a naturally occurring site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Herein, we describe the expression of activation, natural killer (NK) and cell migration markers, as well as effector functions from gammadeltaT cells in peripheral blood (PB) and pleural effusion (PE) from tuberculosis patients (TB). We observed a decreased percentage of circulating gammadeltaT from TB patients and differential expression of NK as well as of chemokine receptors on PB and PE. Two subsets of gammadeltaT cells were differentiated by the CD3/gammadeltaT cell receptor (gammadeltaTCR) complex. The gammadeltaTCR...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yokobori N, Schierloh P, Geffner L, Balboa L, Romero M, Musella R, Castagnino J, De Stéfano G, Alemán M, de la Barrera S, Abbate E, Sasiain MC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Ficolin 2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ficolins are pattern-recognition proteins involved in innate immunity, which upon binding to their specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the microbial surfaces trigger the immune response either by binding to collectin cellular receptors or by initiating the complement lectin pathway. In humans, three ficolin genes have been identified, which encode ficolin-1 (M-ficolin), ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) and ficolin-3 (H-ficolin or Hakata antigen). Ficolin-2 was shown to bind to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall constituent in all Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, which is the aetiological agent of ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Messias-Reason IJ, Schafranski MD, Kremsner PG, Kun JF Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 promote inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with ongoing viral replication.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 in mononuclear cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in HIV-infected patients before and during highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). We also examined the ability of CCL19/CCL21 to promote inflammatory responses in these patients. PBMC from untreated HIV-infected patients (n = 29) released enhanced levels of CCL19 spontaneously compared with cells from controls (n = 20), particularly in those with symptomatic disease (n = 15, P < 0.01 versus controls). During HAART (n = 9), there was a decrease in the spontaneo...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Damås JK, Landrø L, Fevang B, Heggelund L, Tjønnfjord GE, Fløisand Y, Halvorsen B, Frøland SS, Aukrust P Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Mannose-binding lectin is present in human semen and modulates cellular adhesion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study MBL was found to be present at a low concentration in semen samples in the range 1.2-24.9 ng/ml. Co-incubation of bacteria with semen resulted in the binding of MBL to the bacterial surface. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common cause of genitourinary infection. MBL bound to N. gonorrhoeae with strain-to-strain variation in the intensity of binding and nature of the bacterial receptor. Pretreatment with MBL concentrations similar to those found in human serum modulated the adhesion of N. gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 but not strain MS11 to epithelial cells. This effect was dose-dependent. This work demonstrates that ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wing JB, Jack DL, Lee ME, Pacey AA, Kinghorn GR, Read RC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Expression and regulation of the NALP3 inflammasome complex in periodontal diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study reveals a role for the NALP3 inflammasome complex in inflammatory periodontal disease, and provides a mechanistic insight to the host immune responses involved in the pathogenesis of the disease by demonstrating the modulation of this cytokine-signalling pathway by bacterial challenge. PMID: 19664151 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bostanci N, Emingil G, Saygan B, Turkoglu O, Atilla G, Curtis MA, Belibasakis GN Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Exaggerated inflammatory response of primary human myeloid dendritic cells to lipopolysaccharide in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a breakdown of tolerance towards the indigenous flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Failure of dendritic cells (DC) to interpret molecular microbial patterns appropriately when directing innate and adaptive immune responses is conceivable. Primary (conventional, non-monocyte generated) CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD14(-)CD16(-)CD19(-) myeloid blood or mucosal dendritic cells (mDC) from 76 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission, during flare-ups (FU) and 76 healthy or non-IBD controls were analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) flow ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Baumgart DC, Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Bielecki C, Lehmann SM, Lehnardt S, Dörffel Y, Sturm A, Scheffold A, Schmitz J, Radbruch A Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

CCR5 blockade in combination with rapamycin prolongs cardiac allograft survival in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we examined the inhibition of CCR5 in combination with the treatment with rapa in cardiac transplantation. Fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched murine cardiac allograft models were randomized to five groups. They were administered with anti-CCR5 antibody or control antibody and rapa or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively. An additional group was treated with anti-CCR5 antibody, rapa and anti-CD25 antibody. Allograft rejection was investigated by flow cytometric analyses and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Allografts treated with anti-CCR5 antibody plus rapa showed significantly prolonge...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - August 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Li J, Zhang K, Ye P, Wang S, Xia J Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Translational Mini-Review Series on Vaccines for HIV: T lymphocyte trafficking and vaccine-elicited mucosal immunity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many pathogens use mucosal surfaces to enter and propagate within the host, making particularly desirable vaccines that target immune responses specifically to mucosal compartments. The majority of mucosal vaccine design strategies to date have been empirical in nature. However, an emerging body of basic immunological knowledge is providing new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific lymphocyte trafficking and differentiation. These insights afford the opportunity for the rational design of vaccines that focus immune responses at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal cellular immunity may prove critical for protection in t...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaufman DR, Barouch DH Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Translational Mini-Review Series on Vaccines for HIV: Harnessing innate immunity for HIV vaccine development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Innate immunity is critical for shaping vaccine-elicited adaptive immune responses. Several classes of immune sensors, including Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and cytosolic DNA receptors mediate important innate immune pathways and provide potential targets for novel adjuvant development. Understanding how innate immunity modulates adaptive immune responses will probably be important for optimizing vaccine candidates. Here, we review recent advances in innate immunity, focusing upon their potential applications in developing ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rhee EG, Barouch DH Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: B cell-directed therapy for autoimmune diseases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive B cells not only produce autoantibodies, but are also specialized to present specific autoantigens efficiently to T cells. Furthermore, these B cells can secrete proinflammatory cytokines and can amplify the vicious cycle of self-destruction. Thus, B cell-directed therapies are potentially an important approach for treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, like T cells, there are subsets of B cells that produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and are immunosuppressive. These regulatory B cell subs...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hu C, Wong FS, Wen L Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: The pathogenic role of B cells in autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases--lessons from B cell-depletion therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
B cell depletion therapy with rituximab (BCDT) is a licensed treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and has shown promising results in the treatment of severe, refractory patients with other autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases (AAID). The exact role that B cells play in the pathogenesis of AAID and consequently the mechanisms by which BCDT is effective are not known. The two more widely discussed hypotheses are that BCDT is effective because it removes the precursors of plasma cells producing pathogenic autoantibody species, or because it depletes a critical mass of autoreactive B cell clones that present antigen t...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Leandro MJ, de la Torre I Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: Recent advances in B cell-directed biological therapies for autoimmune disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
B cell-directed therapies are promising treatments for autoimmune disorders. Besides targeting CD20, newer B cell-directed therapies are in development that target other B cell surface molecules and differentiation factors. An increasing number of B cell-directed therapies are in development for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Like rituximab, which is approved as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many of these newer agents deplete B cells or target pathways essential for B cell development and function; however, many questions remain about their optimal use in the clinic and about the role of B cells in...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Levesque MC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Interleukin-17 and systemic lupus erythematosus: current concepts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The emerging role of interleukin (IL)-17 as a hallmark proinflammatory cytokine of the adaptive immune system, produced primarily by a new T helper cell subset termed 'Th17', has received considerable attention. Differentiation of Th17 cells is driven by the simultaneous presence of transforming growth factor-beta and certain inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, IL-21), and recent studies have shown that inflammation instigated by IL-17-producing cells is central to the development and pathogenesis of several human autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the information regardin...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - July 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nalbandian A, Crispín JC, Tsokos GC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals