Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and PhysiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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848 records returned

The Formative Years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19878511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Coghlan J Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine awarded on an enzyme in cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19878211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liu JP, Zhou SF Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

4-phenyl butyric acid does not generally reduce glucose level in diabetic rodent models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, PBA does not generally reduce glucose level in diabetic rodent models although it can normalize glucose level in ob/ob diabetic mice, indicating that restoring ER function for diabetes therapy is applicable only to limited types of diabetes in which ER stress is involved in high glucose level. PMID: 19878212 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xu TY, Chen RH, Wang P, Zhang RY, Ke SF, Miao CY Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Autonomic impairment after myocardial infarction: role in cardiac remodeling and mortality.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Impairmant in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has been implicated in the reduction of heart rate variability (HRV) and in the increased risk of death after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated whether the additional impairment in BRS induced by sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in MI rats is associated with changes in the low-frequency component (LF) of heart rate variability (HRV) and increased mortality rate. 2. Rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups: control (C), MI (MI), denervated (SAD), and denervated + MI (SAD+MI). Left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated by echocardiography. Autonomic compon...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mostarda C, Rodrigues B, Vane M, Moreira ED, Rosa KT, Moraes-Silva IC, Lacchini S, Casarini DE, De Angelis K, Irigoyen MC Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Development and Validation of a Simple and Sensitive LC-MS-MS Method for Quantifying Trimetazidine in Human Plasma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 1. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS-MS) for quantifying trimetazidine in human plasma was developed and validated. Sample preparation was based on deproteinating with acetonitrile. 2. Chromatography was performed on a C-18 analytical column(5 mum, 150 x 2.1 mm i.d.) and the retention times were 1.8 and 3.0 min for trimetazidine and cetirizine(internal standard), respectively. The ionization was optimized using ESI (+) and enhanced selectivity was achieved using tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The calibration curve ranged from 0.1 to 200 ng mL(-1). The int...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhou G, Tan ZR, Ouyang DS, Chen Y, Guo D, Xie HT, Liu YZ, Fan L, Deng HW Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibitory effects of amiloride on the current mediated by native gaba receptors in cultured neurons of rat inferior colliculus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF AMILORIDE ON THE CURRENT MEDIATED BY NATIVE GABA RECEPTORS IN CULTURED NEURONS OF RAT INFERIOR COLLICULUS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Oct 29; Authors: Liu F, Zhang M, Tang ZQ, Lu YG, Chen L Summary 1. The diuretic amiloride is known to modulate the activity of several types of ion channels and membrane receptors besides its inhibitory effects on many ion transport systems. In the central nervous system, however, the effects of amiloride on some important ion channels and receptors, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA(A)Rs), are still not characterized. 2. In the pr...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liu F, Zhang M, Tang ZQ, Lu YG, Chen L Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Impact of Human Peripheral Monocyte Subsets on Coronary Flow Reserve in Infarct-Related Artery in Patients with Primary Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Peak levels of CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes following primary anterior AMI were closely related to the extent of microvascular injury. PMID: 19878216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ikejima H, Imanishi T, Tsujioka H, Kuroi A, Tanimoto T, Kitabata H, Hirata K, Akasaka T Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Cisplatin Compromises Myocardial Contractile Function and Mitochondrial Ultrastructure: Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to explore the effect of cisplatin on myocardial contractile function and the possible underlying cellular mechanisms. 2. C57 mice were treated with cisplatin (10 mg/kg/d, tail vein i.v.) or vehicle for 1 week and myocardial function was assessed using the langendroff and cardiomyocyte edge-detection systems. Transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial membrane potential, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress indices and caspase-3 activity were used to evaluate. 3. Cisplatin-treated mice developed myocardial contractile dysfunction evidenced by reduction in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP)...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ma H, Jones KR, Guo R, Xu P, Shen Y, Ren J Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

In vitro approaches to the study of neural control of autonomic and respiratory functions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IN VITRO APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF NEURAL CONTROL OF AUTONOMIC AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Oct 19; Authors: Machado BH PMID: 19843091 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 18, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Machado BH Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Bland-Altman beyond the basics; creating confidence with badly behaved data.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19843092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Woodman RJ, Su DF Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Functional expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in mouse chondrocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR IN MOUSE CHONDROCYTES. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Oct 16; Authors: Liang H, Yang L, Ma T, Zhao Y SUMMARY 1. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is well known for its critical role in the occurrence of cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies showed that CF patients and CFTR-deficient mice displayed severe abnormal skeletal phenotype, indicating that CFTR may play a role in bone development and pathophysiological processes. However, whether CFTR has a direct or indirect effect on bone formation is unknown. The p...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liang H, Yang L, Ma T, Zhao Y Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibitors of slit protein interactions with the heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1: potential agents for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
INHIBITORS OF SLIT PROTEIN INTERACTIONS WITH THE HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN GLYPICAN-1: POTENTIAL AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPINAL CORD INJURY. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Oct 16; Authors: Lau E, Margolis RU ABSTRACT 1. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 is a major high-affinity ligand of the Slit proteins. 2. Both Slit-2 and glypican-1 mRNA are strongly up-regulated and co-expressed in the reactive astrocytes of injured adult brain, suggesting a possible function of Slit proteins and glypican-1 in the adult central nervous system as significant components of the inhibitory environment that pr...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lau E, Margolis RU Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Evidence that nitric oxide inhibits vascular inflammation and superoxide production via a p47- dependent mechanism in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, endogenous NO suppresses vascular inflammation, via inhibition of p47(phox) expression leading to attenuation of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. PMID: 19843095 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Harrison CB, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Selemidis S Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Renin secretion and total body sodium: Pathways of integrative control.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 1. We review mechanisms of sodium balance operating at constant mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), i.e., conditions where MABP does not provide the primary signal to the kidney. 2. Relative constancy of body fluids requires accurate regulation of total body sodium (TBS). Normally, plenty of sodium is ingested, and balance achieved by control of renal excretion driven by multiple central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal tubular mechanisms. Subtle changes in sodium balance are associated with parallel changes in extracellular volume (due to fast and precise osmoregulation), but not necessarily in ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bie P, Damkjaer M Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

REGULATION OF CARDIAC ACE AND AT RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN Npr1 GENE-DISRUPTED MICE.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. Understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in control of blood pressure and fluid volume is a key issue in cardiovascular medicine. Guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) signaling antagonizes the physiological and pathophysiological effects mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. 2. The targeted-disruption of Npr1 gene (coding for GC-A/NPRA) leads to the activation of cardiac RAAS involved in the hypertrophic remodeling process, which influences cardiac size, expression of proinflammatory cytokine ge...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pandey KN, Vellaichamy E Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibitory Effect of Fucoidan on Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-activated Primary Microglia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. Microglial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by producing various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microglia-derived nitric oxide (NO) is critical for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. 2. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds. It has a wide variety of biological activities including anti-coagulant, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. 3. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fucoidan on LPS-induced cellular activation in microglia and to evaluate the inhibitory...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cui YQ, Zhang LJ, Zhang T, Luo DZ, Jia YJ, Guo ZX, Zhang QB, Wang X, Wang XM Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Orchidectomy enhances the phenylephrine effects in isolated rat portal vein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1) Orchidectomy produces a long-term testosterone deprivation similar to that observed in male clinical pathologies, such as hypogonadism and age-related plasma testosterone reduction. The vascular effects of such hormone deprivations, although well comprehended in arteries, have been poorly studied in veins. 2) Here we sought to determine the influence of orchidectomy, with or without subsequent testosterone replacement, on the responses of isolated rat portal veins and vena cavae to exogenous phenylephrine. Isolated vessels were treated in an organ bath with phenylephrine hydrochloride (10(-10)-10(-4) M), end...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: de Souza Rossignoli P, Pereira OC, Chies AB Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

A novel role for beta-adrenoceptor signalling in skeletal muscle growth, development and regeneration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. In adult mammals, skeletal muscle mass is maintained through a precise balance of protein synthesis and protein degradation, while during development cellular (not protein) turnover predominates. When protein balance is shifted towards synthesis, skeletal muscle hypertrophy ensues, whereas increased protein degradation leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is among the best documented of the growth factors that regulate skeletal muscle mass, by increasing protein synthesis and decreasing protein degradation. However, an IGF-I-independent growth pathway has been identified whi...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ryall JG, Church JE, Lynch GS Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Histone modifications and skeletal muscle metabolic gene expression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Skeletal muscle oxidative function and metabolic gene expression are co-ordinately down-regulated in metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Altering skeletal muscle metabolic gene expression to favour enhanced energy expenditure is considered a potential therapy to combat these diseases. 2. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are chromatin remodelling enzymes that repress gene expression. HDAC4 and 5 cooperatively regulate a number of genes involved in various aspects of metabolism. Understanding how HDACs are regulated provides insights into the mechanisms regulating skeletal m...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: McGee SL, Hargreaves M Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Calpains, skeletal muscle function and exercise.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Skeletal muscle fibres contain ubiquitous (mu-calpain and m-calpain) and muscle-specific (calpain-3), Ca(2+)-dependent proteases. Their physiological roles are not well understood, although ubiquitous calpains have been associated with apoptosis and myogenesis and calpain-3 is likely involved in sarcomeric remodeling. A defect in the expression of calpain-3 results in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. 2. At resting intracellular [Ca(2+)], calpains are present predominantly in their full-length, unautolysed/unactivated forms. Once activated, mu-calpain and calpain-3 appear in their autolysed forms and t...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Murphy RM Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Impairment Of alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Contractile Activity In Caudal Arterial Smooth Muscle Of Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. We compared the responsiveness to alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation (cirazoline) and membrane depolarization (K(+)) of de-endothelialized caudal arterial smooth muscle strips isolated from type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and normal Wistar rats. 2. The contractile and myosin 20 kDa light chain (LC(20)) phosphorylation responses to cirazoline of caudal arterial strips isolated from 12-week-old GK rats were significantly reduced compared with those of age-matched Wistar rats, while the contractile and LC(20) phosphorylation responses to K(+) were unaltered. 3. Stimulation of fura 2-AM-loaded strips from GK r...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mita M, Kuramoto T, Ito K, Toguchi-Senrui N, Hishinuma S, Walsh MP, Shoji M Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Role of the Median Preoptic Nucleus in the Chronic Hypotensive Effect of Losartan in Sodium-Replete Normal Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1.We have shown previously that the chronic hypotensive effect of the angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, losartan, is mediated in part by the subfornical organ (SFO). However, the neural pathway(s) mediating this central effect of losartan downstream from the SFO, has not been completely elucidated. 2.The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is a crucial part of the neural pathway necessary for the chronic hypotensive effect of losartan. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either sham (SHAM) or electrolytic lesion of the M...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ployngam T, Katz SS, Collister JP Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

The Effects Of Hydrogen Peroxide And Apolipoprotein E Isoforms On Apolipoprotein E Trafficking In Hepg2 Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. The major source of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the liver. Here, the effects of oxidative stress and apoE isoforms on apoE distribution and trafficking were established using the liver tumour cell line, HepG2. 2. Hydrogen peroxide was associated with rapid and concentration-dependent redistribution of apoE into the early endosomal compartment. This redistribution was achieved with a much lower concentration than induced changes in intracellular apoE mRNA expression, apoE protein levels and markers of oxidative stress. 3. Live cell imaging of apoE3-GFP revealed a significant decrease in traffic velocity in res...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sabaretnam T, Harris MJ, Kockx M, Witting PK, Le Couteur DG, Kritharides L Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

7-Difluoromethyl-5,4'-dimethoxygenistein, a novel protecting agent against vascular endothelial injury caused by oxidative stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Genistein is known to have a protective effect on the vascular endothelium. However, it exhibits poor bioavailability, which limits the use of genistein to treat cardiovascular diseases. 7-Difluoromethyl-5,4'-dimethoxygenistein (dFMGEN), prepared by the difluoromethylation and alkylation of genistein, is a new active chemical entity. The protective effect of dFMGEN on vascular endothelial injury caused by oxidative stress was investigated. 2. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with either genistein or various concentrations of dFMGEN for 30 minutes before exposure to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide f...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang L, Zheng X, Xiang HL, Fu XH, Cao JG Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibition of cGMP phosphodiesterase 5 suppresses MMP2 production in pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 1. It has been shown that the beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition on pulmonary hypertension are associated with the induction of vascular relaxation and the suppression of proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In the present study, we investigated whether PDE5 inhibition affects matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production / secretion in PASMCs, which causes extracellular matrix remodeling in pulmonary vasculature thus the development of pulmonary hypertension. 2. Endothelin-1 concentration-dependently stimulated MMP2 production / secretion in primary cultured P...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sun XZ, Li ZF, Liu Y, Fang P, Li MX Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

The hypotensive effect of intravenous amiodarone is sustained throughout the maintenance infusion period.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. Hypotension frequently occurs with use of intravenous amiodarone and is managed by slowing the rate of administration. This response has been attributed to the cosolvents in the formulation and is believed to be solely related to the initial loading dose. The present study was performed to determine whether intravenous amiodarone-induced hypotension persists beyond the loading dose and into the maintenance infusion period and also whether hypotension occurs with maintenance level dosing alone. 2. Anesthetized beagle dogs (n=7/group) were instrumented to assess hemodynamics. Animals were treated with the huma...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cushing DJ, Cooper WD, Gralinski MR, Lipicky RJ Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Upregulation Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 In Hepatic Fibrosis By Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. The role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is likely to balance the status of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) by degrading angiotensin (Ang) II and generating Ang-(1-7). Earlier demonstrations that ACE2 is insensitive to ACE inhibitors (ACEI) prompted us to evaluate the effect of ACEI on ACE2 expression. 2. The mRNA levels of ACE2 and the Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas, as well as levels of ACE2 protein, were measured in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-injured rat liver and in Ang II- treated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The effects of ACEI on ACE2 expression and Mas mRNA levels were concomitantly assesse...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Huang ML, Li X, Meng Y, Xiao B, Ma Q, Ying SS, Wu PS, Zhang ZS Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Neuronal network properties underlying the generation of gasping.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 1. The preBötzinger complex (PreBötC) generates different inspiratory rhythms. In control normoxic conditions, a mixture of intrinsic and synaptic properties underlie the generation of eupnea by the PreBötC. In hypoxia, those network properties change and modify the respiratory rhythm pattern. Hypoxia can be caused by a reduction in oxygen availability in the environment, inadequate oxygen transport, inability of tissue to use oxygen or several pathological conditions. 2. During severe hypoxia the network properties within the PreBötC are reconfigured whereby the network no longer generates...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Peña F Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Adenosine A1 receptor activation reduces mitochondrial permeability transition pores opening in hypoxic cardiomyocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used primary cardiomyocyte cultures from neonatal rats to investigate the mechanisms of A1R activation and the effects of A1R on MPTPs opening under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia increased both MPTPs opening and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while decreasing cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi). A1R agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) blocked the increase in MPTPs opening and ROS production and maintained cell viability and Deltapsi under hypoxic conditions. 3. The protective effects of CCPA were eliminated by both the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chel...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fei X, Yue-Sheng H, Dong-Xia Z, Zhi-Gang C, Jia-Ping Z, Qiong Z Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Foreword.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19769602 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yin WH, Su DF Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Secretory control: evidence for agonist-regulation of post-fusion vesicle behaviour.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Here we review recent work on vesicular secretion, with a focus on the control of post-fusion events as a means of regulating secretory output. 2. In the classical model of secretion each fused vesicle releases the entirety of its content in an all-or-none manner. In this way the secretory output of a cell is controlled by regulating the numbers of fused vesicles. The realization that post-fusion events can control secretory output leads to a distinct model of partial release of vesicle content. 3. Recent work shows that post-fusion events are under cellular control. Further, new data from our laboratory dem...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Soekmadji C, Thorn P Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Control of blood pressure in the absence of sympathetic nerves - is it all about increased variability?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19769604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Phillips JK Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Resuscitation with Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor in traumatic hemorrhagic shock: cardiopulmonary performance, oxygen transport, and tissue inflammation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effects of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) inhibition on cardiopulmonary performance, oxygen carry capacity, and tissue inflammation in a pig model of traumatic hemorrhage-resuscitation. 2. In 12 instrumented anesthetized pigs, traumatic hemorrhage was modeled by producing tibia fractures followed by hemorrhage of 25ml/kg for 20 min, and then a 4 mm hepatic arterial tear with surgical repair after 20 minutes. Animals then underwent low volume fluid resuscitation with either Hextend (n=6) or 3mg/kg BIIB513 (NHE-1 inhibitor) + Hextend (n=6). The experiment was terminated 6 hours after the beginning of resusc...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wu D, Qi J, Dai H, Doods H, Abraham WM Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Effect Of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy On Short-Term Heart Rate Variability In Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. Abnormalities of cardiac autonomic regulation are a potential mechanism for morbidity despite blood pressure (BP) lowering in hypertension. Analysis of short-term (5 min) heart rate variability provides a noninvasive probe of autonomic regulation of SA node automaticity. 2. We hypothesized that antihypertensive drug therapy would be associated with an increase in 5 min overall HRV along with a decrease in blood pressure (BP), at 8 weeks follow up in subjects with newly diagnosed, never treated essential hypertension. 3. 150 subjects [84 males; 66 females; aged 48 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD)] with newly diagno...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pavithran P, Prakash ES, Dutta TK, Madanmohan T Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 and mouse osteoblasts: regulation of cell function and lack of specificity of PAR-activating peptides.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary 1. Using synthetic PAR(2)-activating peptides (PAR(2)APs) corresponding to the tethered ligand domain of PAR(2)'s extracellular N-terminus to mimic the actions of activating proteinases and employing primary cultures of calvarial osteoblasts derived from both wild-type (WT) and PAR(2)-null (KO) mice, we investigated the potential role of PAR(2) in regulating osteoblast function. 2. Primary calvarial osteoblasts from WT and KO animals were evaluated for their growth kinetics and mineralisation in the absence of PAR(2) agonists and for their responses in a variety of functional assays to the PAR(2)APs, Ser-Leu-Il...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Georgy SR, Pagel CN, Wong DM, Sivagurunathan S, Loh LH, Myers DE, Hollenberg MD, Pike RN, Mackie EJ Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Central And Baroreflex Control Of Heart Period During The Wake-Sleep Cycle In Consomic Rats With Different Genetic Susceptibility To Hypertension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), the contributions of the baroreflex and central autonomic commands to the control of heart period (HP) vary among wake-sleep states and are impaired during quiet wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS), respectively. 2. Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SS) are genetically susceptible to salt-sensitive hypertension, the development of which depends on diet. Substitution of chromosome 13 of SS with that of Brown Norway rats confers salt-resistance to consomic SS-13BN rats. 3. We tested whether differences in the central and baroreflex contributions to HP control occur...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Silvani A, Bastianini S, Berteotti C, Franzini C, Lenzi P, Martire VL, Zoccoli G Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

(Pro)renin Receptor Contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy Through Enhancing Renal Inflammation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) binding to renin or prorenin mediates Ang II dependent and independent effects. PRR expression was increased in the kidneys of diabetic rats but its role in diabetic nephropathy is unknown. We investigated the contribution of PRR to the development of diabetic nephropathy through enhancement of renal production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukine-1beta (IL-1beta). 2. Normoglicemic control and streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. We evaluated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), renal interstitial fluid (RIF) levels of Ang II,...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matavelli LC, Huang J, Siragy HM Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Lowering of blood pressure during chronic suppression of central sympathetic outflow: Insight from computer simulations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to use computer simulations to provide a more comprehensive understanding of physiological mechanisms that mediate sustained reductions in arterial pressure during prolonged baroreflex-mediated suppression of central sympathetic outflow. 3. Physiological responses to baroreflex activation under different conditions were simulated by an established mathematical model of human physiology (QHP2008, http://groups.google.com/group/modelingworkshop, or online only supplementary data). The model closely reproduced empirical data, providing important validation of its accuracy. 4. The simulations in...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Iliescu R, Lohmeier TE Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Stroke in China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. With the rapid development of the economy in China, the epidemiological characteristics, management and prevention strategy of stroke are changing. In this article, we reviewed the recent studies on epidemiology data, management and prevention of stroke in China. 2. The main findings suggested that stroke mortality has been significantly reduced. The percentage of hemorrhagic strokes in China was significantly higher than that reported in western countries. Stroke incidence and subtypes varied widely among different regions in China. Some modifiable risk factors of stroke were on the rise. Among them hyperte...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jia Q, Liu LP, Wang YJ Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Hydrogen Sulfide Protects H9c2 Cells Against Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Cell Injuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on cobalt chloride (CoCl(2))-induced cellular injuries in H9c2 embryonic rat cardiac cells (H9c2 cells). 2. It was shown that CoCl(2), a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent, not only reduced cell viability, but also induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Simultaneously, CoCl(2) (600 mumol/L) enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cleaved caspase-3 expression, induced the loss of mitochondiria membrane potential (MMP), and decreased glutathione (GSH) production, suggesting that CoCl(2) can induce similar responses to hypo...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - September 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chen SL, Yang CT, Yang ZL, Guo RX, Meng JL, Cui Y, Lan AP, Chen PX, Feng JQ Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Confidence in Altman-Bland Plots: A Critical Review of the Method of Differences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY 1. Altman and Bland argue that the virtue of plotting differences against averages in method-comparison studies is that 95% confidence limits for the differences can be constructed. These allow authors and readers to judge whether one method of measurement could be substituted for another. 2. The technique is often misused. So I have set out, by statistical argument and worked examples, to advise pharmacologists and physiologists how best to construct these limits. 3. First, construct a scattergram of differences on averages. Then calculate the line of best fit for the linear regression of differences on averag...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ludbrook J Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Digoxin increases peripheral chemosensitivity and the ventilatory response to exercise in normal subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ABSTRACT 1. The peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to the regulation of ventilation during exercise remains incompletely understood. Digoxin has been reported to increase chemoreflex sensitivity in humans. We tested the hypothesis that this increases the ventilatory response to exercise in normal subjects, as assessed by the changes in ventilation in response to carbon dioxide production (V(E)/VCO(2) slope). 2. We measured in 11 healthy young male untrained subjects minute-ventilation (V(E)), end-tidal PCO(2) (P(ET)CO(2)), pulse oximetric O(2) saturation (SpO(2)), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) after digoxi...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Janssen C, Lheureux O, Beloka S, Deboeck G, Adamopoulos D, Naeije R, van de Borne P Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Ginsenoside Rd prevents glutamate-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the results indicate that ginsenoside Rd prevents glutamate-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons, and provide further evidence of the potential of voltage-independent Ca(2+) channel blockers as a new neuroprotective drug for the prevention of neuronal apoptosis and death induced by cerebral ischaemia. PMID: 19719747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li XY, Liang J, Tang YB, Zhou JG, Guan YY Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered intravenously and orally at low doses to healthy volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered intravenously and orally at relatively low doses to healthy volunteers. 2. The present study was an open-label, single-sequence trial in three phases distinguished by differing doses of midazolam. Plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolites and pharmacodynamic parameters were simultaneously measured after intravenous (5, 15, and 30 mug/kg) and oral (15, 50, and 100 mug/kg) administration. 3. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of midazolam was significantly correlated with dosage after intravenous (P &l...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Misaka S, Uchida S, Imai H, Inui N, Nishio S, Ohashi K, Watanabe H, Yamada S Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Could hypertension possibly be adaptive?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY: 1. We believe that the ultimate goal of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms is not the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP) but the maintenance of tissue blood flows commensurate with metabolic requirements. Thus, elevated BP can potentially contribute to optimizing tissue blood flows under select circumstances; for example, when there are primary defects in autoregulation of tissue blood flows. 2. The hypothesis that a primary defect in autoregulation of tissue blood flows might be responsible for the development of hypertension is presented. It is argued that in this context, at least part of the rise...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Prakash ES, Fink GD Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Cellular Calcium Regulatory Machinery of Vasorelaxation Elicited by Petasin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the cytosolic Ca(2+) regulatory machinery involved in the vasorelaxation of petasin, a sesquiterpene isolated from Petasites formosanus. 2. Petasin reduced isometric contraction elicited by KCl or the L-type Ca(2+) channel opener Bay K 8644 (IC(50) of 3.0 +/- 0.4 muM and 4.1 +/- 1.1 muM, respectively) in isolated aortic rings, independent of endothelium. Petasin triggered a rightward shift in the concentration response curve of KCl-induced contraction while reducing the maximal response by 82%. In Ca(2+)-depleted and high K(+)-depolarized aortic rings, preincubation of petasin attenuated the Ca(2+)-indu...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang GJ, Lin YL, Chen CH, Wu XC, Liao JF, Ren J Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

14-3-3 inhibits IGF-I induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts via PI3K-dependent NFAT pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, it was found that adenovirus-mediated transfection of YFP-R18 peptide (AdR18), a known 14-3-3 inhibitor, significantly enhanced IGF-I-induced CF proliferation. 3. This potentiation arose from an increase in phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) phosphorylation, the inactivation of glycogen synthesis kinase-3beta (GSK3beta), and an increased activity of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). 4. Collectively, these results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins inhibit IGF-I-induced CF proliferation via a PI3K-dependent NFAT signaling pathway. This finding may contribute to our unders...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Qi JY, Xu M, Lu ZZ, Zhang YY Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

B-type natriuretic peptide attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via TGF-beta1/smad7 pathway in vivo and in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we investigated the effects of long-term BNP treatment on cardiac hypertrophy and the related molecular mechanisms. 2. Cardiac hypertrophy was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats in vivo. After treatment with BNP (5 mug/ kg/day or 15 mug/kg/day) for 8 weeks, indices of cardiac hypertrophy were measured. In other experiments in vitro, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by AngII. Cell surface area and [(3)H] incorporation were measured. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), smad7 mRNA and protein expression was detected using RT-PCR and western blot analysis....
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: He JG, Chen YL, Chen BL, Huang YY, Yao FJ, Chen SL, Dong YG Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Renal Vasodilation Induced By Hypernatremia: Role Of Alpha-Adrenoceptors In The Median Preoptic Nucleus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we sought to determine the role of alpha1 and alpha2-adrenoceptors in the MnPO on cardiovascular responses induced by intravenous HS infusion. 2. Male Wistar rats (320-360 g) were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g . kg(-1), i.v.) and instrumented for recording of mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF) and vascular conductance (RVC). 3. In sham animals (n=7), HS (NaCl 3 M, 1.8 ml . kg(-1), i.v., in 1 min) produced a transient hypertension. Ten minutes after HS infusion, RBF and RVC increased to 159 +/- 14% and 145 +/- 11%, respectively. Nanoinjection of the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosi...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pedrino GR, Monaco LR, Cravo SL Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inflammation in Ischemic Brain Injury: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 1. Numerous studies have indicated that inflammation plays a key role in ischemic brain injury. The brain ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses include increased activities or production of microglia and astrocytes, cytokines and chemokines, adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases, as well as infiltration of monocytes and leukocytes into injured brain regions. 2. While a significant portion of the inflammatory responses appear to exacerbate ischemic brain injury, certain inflammatory responses are beneficial to the ischemic brains. It is necessary to further identify the detrimental and benefic...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xia W, Han J, Huang G, Ying W Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: journals