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Comparison of three antigenic extracts of Eurotium amstelodami in farmer's lung disease serological diagnosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, serological diagnosis of FLD by ELISA was improved by the adjunction of ascospore antigen. PMID: 19906892 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roussel S, Reboux G, Rognon B, Monod M, Grenouillet F, Quadroni M, Fellrath JM, Aubert JD, Dalphin JC, Millon L Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

A multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for comparison of diagnostic antigens for Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we developed a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (MAPIA) to compare the performance of multiple recombinant Taenia solium proteins with diagnostic potential for detection of cysticercosis and taeniasis. We prepared MAPIA strips using 6 cysticercosis and 2 taeniasis diagnostic proteins and compared the performance of the proteins with sera collected from defined cysticercosis and taeniasis cases. Of 6 cysticercosis antigens, rT24H performed well in detecting cases with 2 or more viable cysts in the brain (sensitivity and specificity at 97% and 99.4%, respectively); combining cysticercosis antigens did not im...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Handali S, Klarman M, Gaspard AN, Noh J, Lee YM, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, Wilkins PP Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Clinical and immunological insights on severe adverse neurotropic/viscerotropic disease following 17D yellow fever vaccination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
C, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA Yellow fever vaccines (17D-204 and 17DD) are well tolerated, with a very low rate of severe adverse events (YEL-SAE), such as serious allergic reactions, neurotropic (YEL-AND) and viscerotropic (YEL-AVD) diseases. Viral and host factors have been postulated to explain the basis of YEL-SAE. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of YEL-SAE still remain unknown. In the present investigation, a detailed immunological analysis of a 23-year-old female patient is presented. The patient developed a suspected case of severe YEL-AVD, with encephalitis as well as with pancreati...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Silva ML, Espírito-Santo LR, Martins MA, Silveira-Lemos D, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Caminha RC, de Andrade Maranhão-Filho P, Martins MA, de Menezes Martins R, Galler R, Freire MD, Marcovistz R, Homma A, Teuwen DE, Elói-Santos SM, Andrade Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Kinetics of antibody persistence following administration of a combination meningococcal serogroup C and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine at 12 to 15 months of age in healthy UK infants primed with two doses of one of three monovalent meningococcal serogroup C vaccines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The kinetics of antibody persistence following the administration of a combination meningococcal serogroup C and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (Menitorix) in the second year of life in children primed with two doses of one of three monovalent meningococcal serogroup C (MCC) vaccines was investigated. Study subjects were either administered Menitorix at 12 to 15 months of age followed by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine 4 to 6 weeks later or all three vaccines concomitantly at 12 to 15 months of age. Blood samples were collected before and 1,...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Borrow R, Andrews N, Findlow H, Waight P, Southern J, Crowley-Luke A, Stapley L, England A, Findlow J, Miller E Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Immunological factors relating to the antitumor effect of temozolomide chemo-immunotherapy in a murine glioma model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the potential of combined treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and the underlying immunological factors of TMZ chemo-immunotherapy in an intracranial GL26 glioma animal model. The combined treatment enhanced the tumor-specific immune responses and prolonged the survival more effectively than either single therapy in GL26 tumor-bearing animals. Apoptosis was induced in the tumor of animals by the treatment with TMZ. Calreticulin (CRT) surface exposure was detected by immunofluorescence staining in TMZ-treated GL26 cells. TMZ chemotherapy...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kim TG, Kim CH, Park JS, Park SD, Kim CK, Chung DS, Hong YK Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Passive protection in mice challenged with a recombinant bioluminescent M49 group A streptococcus strain: Correlation between bioluminescence and bacterial burden.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Streptococcus pyogenes also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), is a human pathogen which infects people of all age groups. Previous work has reported conformationally constrained chimeric peptide J8 to protect against GAS challenge. In the current study, we demonstrate the utility of bioluminescent imaging as a rapid technique to monitor bacterial dissemination following the passive transfer of rabbit anti-J8 antibodies to naïve mice and subsequent challenge with recombinant M49 GAS strain, an emm type shown to be associated with post-streptococcal glomerular nephritis. PMID: 19889937 [PubMed - as supplied ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sheel M, Pandey M, Good MF, Batzloff MR Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Use of a Baculovirus-Expressed Structural Protein for the Detection of Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type A by a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using baculovirus-expressed structural protein was developed for the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus type A. It exhibited 99% specificity with cutoff of 53% inhibition. Its sensitivity was comparable to the virus neutralization test and LPB ELISA, indicating its potential as an alternative assay. PMID: 19889938 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ko YJ, Lee HS, Jeoung HY, Heo EJ, Ko HR, Chang BS, Joo HD, Gerelmaa U, Dashzeveg B, Tserendorj S, Sodnomdarjaa R, Park JH, Kweon CH, Cho IS, Paik SG Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Immunomodulatory properties of Yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharides on human macrophages.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the current study, we investigated the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from Yersinia pestis grown at either 27 degrees C or 37 degrees C (termed LPS-27 and LPS-37, respectively). LPS-27 containing hexa-acylated lipid A, similar to LPS present in usual gram-negative bacteria, stimulated an inflammatory response in human U937 cells through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). LPS-37 that did not contain hexa-acylated lipid A exhibited strong antagonistic activity to the TLR4 mediated inflammatory response. The phagocytic activity in the cells was not affected by LPS-37. To estimate the activity of LPS in its bac...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Matsuura M, Takahashi H, Watanabe H, Saito S, Kawahara K Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of pneumococcal polysaccharide immunoassays using 22F adsorption step with serum samples from infants vaccinated with conjugate vaccines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The history of pneumococcal polysaccharide ELISA is characterized by a continuous search for increased specificity. A third generation ELISA using 22F polysaccharide inhibition has increased assay specificity particularly at low antibody concentrations. In the present work, various 22F/non-22F ELISA comparisons were made, involving three different laboratories, including a WHO reference laboratory, and using sera from subjects from different geographic areas immunized with different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, including the licensed 7-valent Prevenar(TM) and 10-valent Synflorix(TM). All comparisons led to the same...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Poolman JT, Frasch CE, Käyhty H, Lestrate P, Madhi SA, Henckaerts I Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Physical-chemical Characterization and Immunologic Properties of Salmonella ser. Typhi Capsular Polysaccharide-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Typhoid fever remains a serious public health problem in the developing countries, especially among young children. Recent studies showed more than 50% of typhoid cases are in children under 5 years old. Licensed vaccines, such as Salmonella ser. Typhi capsular Vi, did not confer protection against typhoid fever for this age group. Vi conjugate, prepared by binding Vi to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA), induces protective levels of antibody at as young as 2-years old. Because the lack of regulatory precedent of rEPA in licensing vaccines, we employed diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the carrier protein ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cui C, Carbis R, An SJ, Jang H, Czerkinsky C, Szu SC, Clemens JD Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Natural killer cells in chronic lyme disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19880717 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 1, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stricker RB, Winger EE, Marques A, Brown MR, Fleisher TA Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Development and Analytical Validation of Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the IgG anti-PT ELISA assay met all assay validation parameters within the range considered most relevant for serodiagnosis. This ELISA was developed and analytically validated to be a user-friendly kit that can be used in both qualitative and quantitative formats. The technology for producing the kit is transferrable to public health laboratories. PMID: 19864485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Menzies SL, Kadwad V, Pawloski L, Lin TL, Baughman AL, Martin M, Tondella ML, Meade BD, Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Peptide microarray - based identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope binding to HLA-DRB1*0101, DRB1*1501 and DRB1*0401.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A more effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is needed and a number of Mtb vaccine candidates are currently in preclinical or clinical phase I/II studies. One of the strategies to select Mtb (protein) targets to elicit CD8+ or CD4+ T-cell response is to gauge binding of candidate peptides to MHC class I or - class II molecules, a prerequisite for successful peptide presentation and to expand antigen-specific T-cells. We scanned 61 proteins from the Mtb proteome for potential MHC class II - presented epitopes which could serve as targets for CD4+ T-cell responses. We constructed a peptide microarray...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gaseitsiwe S, Valentini D, Mahdavifar S, Reilly M, Ehrnst A, Maeurer M Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Intranasal immunization of mice with a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces superior immunity and protection in comparison to subcutaneous delivery or combinations of intranasal and subcutaneous prime-boost strategies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infects cells of the respiratory mucosa, so it is desirable to develop a vaccination strategy that induces mucosal immunity. To achieve this, various delivery routes were compared for formalin-inactivated (FI)-BRSV formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and polyphosphazene (PP). Intranasal delivery of the FI-BRSV formulation was superior to subcutaneous delivery in terms of antibody, cell-mediated and mucosal immune responses, as well as reduction in virus replication after BRSV challenge. Although intranasal delivery of FI-BRSV also induced higher serum and lung antibo...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mapletoft JW, Latimer L, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

The immunologic paradox in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a patient with microbiologically documented tuberculous meningitis showing that the therapeutic paradox, a therapy-induced switch to a neutrophil-predominant situation in the differential cell count of cerebrospinal fluid, had a correlation with a immunologic paradox, a increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cell response. PMID: 19846679 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kim SH, Kim YS Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Experimental infection of reindeer with Cervid herpesvirus 2.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study six seronegative and presumably pregnant reindeer were allocated to one of two groups: two animals were inoculated with CvHV2 intratracheally and two animals intravaginally, with one control animal in each group receiving sterile water. Mild hyperthermia and serous discharges from the vagina and nose were observed. No abortions were recorded, but one calf died shortly after birth. Inoculated animals seroconverted and had neutralizing antibodies after days 7-10 p.i. CvHV2 was detected by PCR in nasal and vaginal swabs in both groups, but could only be isolated from nasal swabs in the respiratory group and from...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: das Neves CG, Mørk T, Godfroid J, Sørensen KK, Breines E, Hareide E, Thiry J, Rimstad E, Thiry E, Tryland M Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Monocyte-derived interleukin-10 depresses the Bordetella pertussis-specific IFN-{gamma} response in vaccinated infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been demonstrated to participate in protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. Circulating mononuclear cells from B. pertussis-infected and from pertussis-vaccinated infants secrete high amounts of IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation by B. pertussis antigens, but with a large variation in the secreted IFN-gamma levels between individuals. We show here that the inhibition of the specific IFN-gamma response can be at least partially attributed to an IL-10 secretion by monocytes. This IL-10 secretion was not associated with polymorphisms at positions -1082, -819 a...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dirix V, Verscheure V, Goetghebuer T, Hainaut M, Debrie AS, Locht C, Mascart F Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Characterization of an Antibody Depletion Assay for Analysis of Bactericidal Antibody Specificity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Serum bactericidal antibodies are important for protection against systemic Neisseria meningitidis infections. Consequently, identifying the specific targets of bactericidal antibodies is important for understanding protective immunity to meningococcal disease and for vaccine development and evaluation. We have developed a new assay that can be used to investigate the specificity of serum bactericidal antibodies. Prior to testing for bactericidal activity, antibodies specific for a given antigen or group of antigens are depleted from a serum by incubation with the antigen(s) bound to the wells of a 96-well microplate. ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zollinger WD, Moran EE, Schmiel D Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 Neutralizing Antibodies in Prenatal British Columbia Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were measured in 1020 prenatal British Columbia women aged 15 to 39. HPV 16 and 18 NAb were detected in 183/1020 (17.9%) and 97/1020 (9.5%) respectively, and 39 (3.8%) had NAb to both types. Titers were similar across age strata. PMID: 19828766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Krajden M, Karunakaran K, So S, Palefsky JM, Sharma R, Cook D, Yu A, Chow R, Dobson S, Ogilvie GS, Petric M Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Dual function antibodies to Y. pestis LcrV required for pulmonary clearance of plague.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Yersinia pestis causes pneumonic plague, a necrotic pneumonia which rapidly progresses to death without early treatment. Antibodies to protective antigen LcrV are thought to neutralize its essential function in the Type III Secretion System (TTSS) and by themselves are capable of inducing immunity to plague in mouse models. To develop multi-valent LcrV antibodies as a therapeutic treatment option, we screened for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to LcrV which could prevent its function in the TTSS. Though we were able to identify single and combination MAbs which provided high level inhibition of the TTSS, these did not pr...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Eisele NA, Anderson DM Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Detection of Asymptomatic Antigenemia in Pigs Infected by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) using a Novel Capture Immunoassay with Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Nucleocapsid Protein of PRRSV.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Routine surveillance for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections is crucial for epidemiological control of this disease. Antibody tests are widely used but cannot differentiate between vaccination and re-infection. We developed a PRRSV antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the nucleocapsid (N) protein of North American and European PRRSV. This antigen assay detected purified N protein from both genotypes at levels as low as 0.4 ng and 0.8 ng, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of the N anti...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cai JP, Wang YD, Tse H, Xiang H, Yuen KY, Che XY Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Natural killer cell dysfunction during acute infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Natural killer cells (NK) provide one of the initial barriers of cellular host defense against pathogens, in particular intracellular pathogens. The role of these cells in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is unknown. Previously, we characterized the phenotype and function of NK cells from swine. In the present study, we report the analysis of NK cells isolated from animals infected with FMDV and tested ex vivo and show that NK-dependent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells as targets was impaired. More relevant to this infection, killing of target cells infected with FMDV was also inhibited. Further, the...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Toka FN, Nfon C, Dawson H, Golde WT Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Immune Response and Viral Persistence in Indian Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Asia 1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite their potential role in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), immune response and viral persistence in FMD virus (FMDV)-infected Indian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) have been unexplored. We found similar kinetics of neutralizing antibody response in serum and secretory fluids of buffaloes following experimental FMDV Asia 1 infection. But lymphocyte proliferative response in infected buffaloes was of low magnitude. Despite inducing a significant systemic and secretory immune response, viral persistence seems to be a common outcome in buffaloes following FMDV Asia1 infection that is associated with weak cell...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Maddur MS, Kishore S, Gopalakrishna S, Singh N, Suryanarayana VV, Gajendragad MR Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Veillonella parvula lipopolysaccharide: receptor recognition and immune intracellular pathways.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, V. parvula LPS is able to induce cytokine production in both human and murine in vitro models, although it is less effective than enterobacteriaceae LPS. V. parvula LPS-stimulated cytokine induction, as well as p38 MAPK activation, are TLR4-dependent features. PMID: 19828771 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Matera G, Muto V, Vinci M, Zicca E, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Liberto MC, van der Meer JW, Focà A, Netea MG, Joosten LA Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

DNA vaccination by electroporation and boosting with recombinant proteins enhances efficacy of DNA vaccines for schistosomiasis japonica.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Schistosomiasis japonica is an endemic, zoonotic disease of major public health importance in China. Control programs combining chemtherapy and snail killing have not been able to block transmission of infection in lakes and marsh regions. Vaccination is needed as a complimentary approach to the ongoing control programs. In the present study, we wanted to determine if vaccine efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding 23kDa tetraspanin membrane protein (SjC23), triose phosphate isomerase (SjCTPI) and 6-fold repeated genes of the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) in H chain of NP30 could be enhanced by boosting via ele...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dai Y, Zhu Y, Harn DA, Wang X, Tang J, Zhao S, Lu F, Guan X Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Specific serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis using Leishmania ribosomal protein extracts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present work we have analyzed the antigenicity of the Leishmania ribosomal proteins (LRP). To accomplish this, Leishmania infantum ribosomes were biochemically purified from promastigotes cytosolic extracts and their reactivity was analyzed using the sera from dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Since antibodies reacting against different ribosomal proteins were observed in all the tested sera obtained from dogs having symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis, we have analyzed the potential usefulness of the LRP extracts in the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Coelho EA, Ramírez L, Costa MA, Coelho VT, Martins VT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Oliveira DM, Tavares CA, Bonay P, Nieto CG, Abánades DR, Alonso C, Soto M Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination in adults: A Phase III comparison of an investigational conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with the licensed vaccine, Menactra.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compares the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis Vaccines investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with those of the licensed meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Menactra(R), when administered to healthy adults. In this Phase III multicenter study, 1359 adults 19-55 years of age were randomized to one of four groups (1:1:1:1 ratio) to receive a single dose of one of three lots of MenACWY-CRM or a single dose of Menactra. Sera obtained at baseline and 1 month post-vaccination were tested for serogroup-specific serum bactericidal activity using human complement (hSBA). T...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - October 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Reisinger KS, Baxter R, Block SL, Shah J, Bedell L, Dull PM Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Development of antibodies against anthrose tetrasaccharide for specific detection of B. anthracis spores.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immunological detection of Bacillus anthracis in various environmental samples and the discrimination from other members of the B. cereus group is not well established yet. To generate specific discriminating antibodies, we immunized rabbits, mice and chicken with inactivated B. anthracis spores and, additionally, rabbits and mice with the tetrasaccharide [beta-Ant-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-L-Rhap]. It is a constituent of the exosporium glycoprotein BclA and contains the newly discovered sugar anthrose [2-O-methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutamido)-4,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose]. The BclA ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kuehn A, Kovác P, Saksena R, Bannert N, Klee SR, Ranisch H, Grunow R Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Comparison of five commercial anti-tetanus toxoid IgG ELISAs: Diagnostic and clinical interpretations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Five commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) for the measurement of anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibodies were evaluated for performance. The data suggests that there are manufacturer dependent differences in sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of tetanus toxoid IgG antibodies that could result in different diagnostic interpretations. PMID: 19793897 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Perry AL, Hayes AJ, Cox HA, Alcock F, Parker AR Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Vaccines: The Fourth Century.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vaccine development, which began with Jenner's observations in the late 18(th) Century, has entered its fourth century. From its beginnings with the use of whole organisms that had been weakened or inactivated to the modern day use of genetic engineering it has taken advantage of the tools discovered in other branches of microbiology. Numerous successful vaccines are in use, but the list of diseases for which vaccines do not exist is long. However, the multiplicity of strategies now available, discussed in this article, portend even more successful development of vaccines. PMID: 19793898 [PubMed - as supplied by pu...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Plotkin SA Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Lateral Flow Technology Compared to Galactomannan and (1->3)-{beta}-D-Glucan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Lateral Flow Technology Compared to Galactomannan and (1->3)-{beta}-D-Glucan. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Sep 30; Authors: Wiederhold NP, Thornton CR, Najvar LK, Kirkpatrick WR, Bocanegra R, Patterson TF We compared a lateral-flow device to galactomannan and (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan assays to detect invasive aspergillosis in an established guinea pig model of pulmonary disease. The lateral-flow device became positive earlier (day 3) compared to the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and galactomannan assays (day 5), with all samples positive by each assay on day 7. P...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wiederhold NP, Thornton CR, Najvar LK, Kirkpatrick WR, Bocanegra R, Patterson TF Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

IgG class, but not IgA or IgM, antibodies to peptides of the Porphyromonas gingivalis chaperone HtpG predict health in periodontitis using a fluorescent ELISA.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationship between antibodies to P. gingivalis HtpG and the clinical status of healthy and periodontitis susceptible subjects. We measured the humoral response (IgG, IgA, IgM) to peptides of a unique insert (P18) found in Bacteroideace HtpG using a high throughput, quantitative, fluorescent ELISA. Indeed, higher levels of IgG class anti-P. gingivalis HtpG P18 peptide (p<0.05) and P18alpha, the n-terminal 16 amino acids of P18 (p<0.05) were associated with better oral health; results opposite of those found with anti-P. gingivalis whole cell antibodies and levels of the bacterium in the subgi...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sweier DG, Shelburne PS, Giannobile WV, Kinney JS, Lopatin DE, Shelburne CE Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Cellular targeting of engineered heterologous antigens is a determinant factor for BoHV-4 based vaccine vector development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a previous study, an apathogenic strain of BoHV-4 cloned as bacterial artificial chromosome, expressing a chimeric peptide gE2/gD as a secreted form, was described. Recombinant virus inoculated animals produced antibodies against BVDV gE2 and BoHV-1 gD. However, neutralizing antibodies were produced only against BVDV but not against BoHV-1. In the present work a recombinant BoHV-4 expressing a membrane linked form of gE2/gD chimeric peptide was constructed and inoculated rabbits produced serum neutralizing antibodies against both BVDV and BoHV-1. Protein cell sorting and targeting is a very important issue when immu...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Donofrio G, Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Taddei S, Sartori C, Bonomini S, Cavirani S, Cabassi CS, Flammini CF Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Mycoplasma genitalium-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate NF-{kappa}B through TLR2/TLR1/TLR6 and CD14 in MyD88-dependent pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, LAMPs induced the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking assays showed that TLR2 and CD14 neutralizing Abs reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, LAMPs-induced NF-kappaB activation was increased in 293T cells transfected TLR2 plasmid. The activity of NF-kappaB was synergically augmented by cotransfected TLR1, TLR6 and CD14 respectively. Additionally, LAMPs was shown to inhibited NF-kappaB expression by the cotransfection with DN-MyD88 and TLR2 plasmid. These results suggest that M. genitalium-derived LAMPs can activate NF-kappaB via TLR2/TLR1/...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: He J, You X, Zeng Y, Yu M, Zuo L, Wu Y Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

A Complex Adenovirus Vectored Vaccine Against Rift Valley Fever Virus Protects Mice Against Lethal Infection in the Presence of Pre-existing Vector Immunity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been cited as a potential biological weapons threat due to the serious and fatal disease it causes in humans and animals and the fact that this mosquito-borne virus can be lethal in an aerosolized form. Current human and veterinary vaccines against RVFV, however, are outdated, inefficient, and unsafe. We have incorporated the RVFV glycoprotein genes into a non-replicating complex adenovirus (CAdVax) vector platform to develop a novel RVFV vaccine. Mice vaccinated with the CAdVax-based vaccine produced potent humoral immune responses and were protected against lethal RVFV infection...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Holman DH, Penn-Nicholson A, Wang D, Woraratanadharm J, Harr MK, Luo M, Maher EM, Holbrook MR, Dong JY Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Vaccination with live Leishmania major and CpG DNA promotes IL-2 production by dermal dendritic cells and NK cell activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is an emerging, chronic parasitic disease that causes disfigurement and social stigmatization. Drug therapy is inadequate, and there is no vaccine. Inoculation of virulent parasites (leishmanization) is the only intervention that has ever provided protection because it mimics natural infection and immunity, but it was discontinued due to safety concerns (uncontrolled vaccinal lesions). In an effort to retain the benefits (immunity) while avoiding the side effects (lesions) of leishmanization, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with L. major and CpG DNA (Lm/CpG). This combination p...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Laabs EM, Wu W, Mendez S Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

BBK07, a dominant in vivo antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, is a potential marker for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One of the recently identified Borrelia burgdorferi immunogens, BBK07, is characterized for its expression in the spirochete infection cycle and evaluated for its potential use as a serodiagostic marker for Lyme disease. We show that bbk07 is expressed at extremely low levels in vitro and in ticks, but is dramatically induced by spirochetes once introduced into the host, and is highly expressed throughout mammalian infection. In contrast, the expression of bbk12, a paralog of bbk07 with 87% amino acid identity, although expressed in vitro, remained undetectable in vivo throughout murine infection and in ticks. BBK07 is...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Coleman AS, Pal U Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of the anti-East Asian CagA-specific antibody for CagA phenotyping.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, immunohistochemistry with alpha-EAS Ab appears to be a good method for diagnosis of CagA phenotype. PMID: 19776193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nguyen LT, Uchida T, Kuroda A, Tsukamoto Y, Trinh TD, Ta L, Mai HB, Ho DQ, Hoang HH, Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Matsuhisa T, Yoko K, Okimoto T, Kodama M, Murakami K, Fujioka T, Yamaoka Y, Moriyama M Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Expression profiles of genes in Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in detecting microbial pattern molecules for activation of host immune response. We investigated possible roles of TLRs in the chicken response to Clostridium perfringens infection by examining the expression of TLRs and other genes involved in TLR-mediated signaling within the spleen and ileum of C. perfringens-challenged broilers. When comparing challenged to naïve chickens, up-regulation of TNF-alpha-inducing factor-homolog was observed regardless of the incidence of necrotic enteritis (NE). In addition, the members of TLR2 subfamily were found to be most strongly involved...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lu Y, Sarson AJ, Gong J, Zhou H, Zhu W, Kang Z, Yu H, Sharif S, Han Y Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

A new approach for diagnosis of candidemia based on 65 kDa antigen detection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nosocomial candidiasis is a major concern in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. This infection generally occurs in patients with degenerative and neoplastic diseases and is considered the fourth most frequent cause of bloodstream infections. Diagnosis of candidemia or hematogenous candidiasis has been problematic because clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, leading to delays in diagnosis and, consequently, in appropriate antifungal therapy. We developed an inhibition ELISA for detection of a 65 kDa-antigen in an experimental model of candidemia and for diagnosis of patients in ICUs with suspected candidemia. An...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Berzaghi R, Colombo AL, Machado AM, Camargo ZP Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Maternal antibodies to pneumolysin, but not pneumococcal surface protein A, delay early pneumococcal carriage in high-risk Papua New Guinean infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 76% of the infants carried S. pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract within the first month of life, at a median age of 19 days. Maternal and cord blood antibody titers to Ply (rho = 0.824, p < 0.001), PspA1 (rho = 0.746, p < 0.001), and PspA2 (rho = 0.631, p < 0.001) were strongly correlated. Maternal pneumococcal carriage (HR = 2.60 [95% CI 1.25 - 5.39]) and younger maternal age (HR = 0.74 [95% CI 0.54 - 1.00]) were independent risk factors for early carriage, whilst higher cord Ply-specific antibody titers predicting a significantly delayed onset (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.71 [95% CI 0.52 - 1.00])...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Francis JP, Richmond PC, Pomat WS, Michael A, Keno H, Phuanukoonnon S, Nelson JB, Whinnen M, Heinrich T, Smith WA, Prescott SL, Holt PG, Siba PM, Lehmann D, van den Biggelaar AH Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Incidence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Shanghai, China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A city-wide CMV serosurvey was conducted in Shanghai and associated parameters were calculated employing the catalytic model. The lowest seroprevalence is 60.37% found in the 2-3 year age group. The value increases rapidly with age until 25 years when a value of 97.03% is found, caused by the high force of infection (12.69) and by the reproductive rate (8.89). PMID: 19776197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fang FQ, Fan QS, Yang ZJ, Peng YB, Zhang L, Mao KZ, Zhang Y, Ji YH Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Performance of Serology Assays for Diagnosing Celiac in a Clinical Setting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined differences between younger and older children in terms of clinical presentation, test performance and the ability of high antibody levels to correctly predict celiac diagnosis. Celiac was diagnosed in 85 (73%) children. No significant clinical differences were observed between the biopsy positive and biopsy negative groups. Children </=3 years of age revealed higher concentrations of tTG-IgA and DGP Ab's versus >3 years old (p=0.017 and 0.007, respectively). High antibody concentrations were predictive of villous atrophies with sensitivities ranging from 92.8% to 97.9%, depending on assay and cut-off poi...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Parizade M, Bujanover Y, Weiss B, Nachmias V, Shainberg B Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Influence of tissue microenvironment on Toll-like receptor expression by CD11c+ antigen presenting cells isolated from mucosal tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we directly compared murine CD11c(+) APCs cells isolated from colon, lung and spleen and found that APCs isolated from these tissues differ considerably in Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and responses to in vitro TLR-ligand stimulation. We also provide evidence that tissue microenvironments dictate distinct patterns of TLR expression by CD11c(+) APCs in different mucosal tissues. Moreover, CD11c(+) cells isolated from different tissues have varying capacities to induce the development of T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2) or regulatory CD4(+) T cells. Thus, unique tissue microenvironments have significa...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Takenaka S, McCormick S, Safroneeva E, Xing Z, Gauldie J Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Glycoprotein 96 Mediated Presentation of HIV-1 Specific HLA Class I Restricted Peptide and Humoral Immune Responses to HIV-1 p24.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also evaluates the humoral immune adjuvant effect of HSP gp96 and its N-terminal fragment (N336), where immunization of BALB/c mice with mixture of gp96 or its N-terminal fragment and HIV-1p24 antigen, or N336-p24 fusion protein resulted in a significant increase in anti-HIV p24 antibody titer. These results demonstrate the possibility of using gp96 and its N fragment as adjuvant to augment cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV-1 infection. PMID: 19776200 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gong X, Gai W, Xu J, Zhou W, Tien P Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Recombinant Sindbis Virus Vectors Designed to Express Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis Protect Animals from Anthrax and Display Synergy with Ciprofloxacin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recombinant Sindbis viruses were engineered to express alternative forms of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. The recombinant viruses induced PA-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in Swiss Webster mice. Vaccination with the recombinant viruses induced immunity that offered some protection from a lethal Ames spore challenge, and synergized the protective effects of ciprofloxacin. PMID: 19759250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Thomas JM, Moen ST, Gnade BT, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Foltz SM, Suarez G, Heidner HW, König R, Chopra AK, Peterson JW Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

A Novel 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein (FLAP) Inhibitor AM679 Reduces Inflammation in the RSV-Infected Mouse Eye.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of viral respiratory disease in children and RSV bronchiolitis has been associated with the development of asthma in childhood. RSV spreads from the eye and nose to the human respiratory tract. Correlative studies in humans and direct infection studies in the BALB/c mice have established the eye as a significant pathway of entry of RSV to the lung. At the same time, RSV infection of the eye produces symptoms resembling allergic conjunctivitis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are known promoters of allergy and inflammation, and the first step in their biogenesis fr...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Musiyenko A, Correa L, Stock N, Hutchinson JH, Lorrain DS, Bain G, Evans JF, Barik S Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Human immune proteome in experimental colonization with Staphylococcus aureus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
More than 20 % of adults are persistently colonized with S. aureus. When hospitalized, these carriers have an increased risk of infection with their own strain. However, a recent study demonstrated a lower incidence of bacteraemia-related death in carriers than in noncarriers, which raises the question whether the adaptive immune system plays a protective role. In fact, S. aureus carriers mount a highly specific neutralizing antibody response against superantigens of their colonizing strain. We now applied 2D-immunoblots to investigate the antibody profiles from healthy individuals against S. aureus extracellular prote...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Holtfreter S, Nguyen TT, Wertheim H, Steil L, Kusch H, Truong QP, Engelmann S, Hecker M, Völker U, van Belkum A, Bröker BM Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-specific IgA antibody responses in plasma and antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) specimens in Bangladeshi patients with suspected typhoid fever.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many currently available diagnostic tests for typhoid fever lack sensitivity and/or specificity, especially in areas of the world endemic for the disease. In order to identify a diagnostic test that better correlates with typhoid fever, we evaluated immune responses to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (serovar Typhi) in individuals with suspected typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We enrolled 112 individuals with suspected typhoid fever, cultured day 0 blood for serovar Typhi organisms, and performed Widal assays on days 0, 5, and 20. We harvested peripheral blood lymphocytes and analyzed antibody levels in supernata...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sheikh A, Bhuiyan MS, Khanam F, Chowdhury F, Saha A, Ahmed D, Jamil KM, Larocque RC, Harris JB, Ahmad MM, Charles R, Brooks WA, Calderwood SB, Cravioto A, Ryan ET, Qadri F Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Differentiation between Baylisascaris procyonis and Toxocara species larva migrans by Western blotting.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Baylisascaris procyonis and Toxocara species are two important causes of larva migrans in humans. Larva migrans caused by Toxocara spp. is well known and is diagnosed serologically by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Over a dozen cases of larva migrans and associated eosinophilic encephalitis caused by B. procyonis have also been reported, and at least a dozen additional cases are known. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the excretory-secretory (ES) antigen of B. procyonis larvae is presently being used in our laboratory as an aid in the diagnosis of this infection in humans. Clinically-affected individuals s...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dangoudoubiyam S, Kazacos KR Tags: Clin Vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals