Imaging of the Spectrum of Acute Lung Injury
Organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage, represent multi-compartment patterns of lung injury. The initial region of injury in all remains the same and is centered on the fused basement membrane (BM) between the capillary endothelium and type I pneumocyte. Injury leads to cellular death, BM denudation, increased cellular permeability, and BM structural damage, which leads to exudation, organization, and attempts at repair. When acute lung injury does lead to fibrosis, in some instances it can lead to histologic and/or radiologic usual interstitial pneumonia or nonspecific ...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Seth Kligerman Source Type: research

Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer
Radiation therapy is part of a multimodality treatment approach to lung cancer. The radiologist must be aware of both the expected and the unexpected imaging findings of the post –radiation therapy patient, including the time course for development of post– radiation therapy pneumonitis and fibrosis. In this review, a brief discussion of radiation therapy techniques and indications is presented, followed by an image-heavy differential diagnostic approach. The review focu ses on computed tomography imaging examples to help distinguish normal postradiation pneumonitis and fibrosis from alternative complications, such as ...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Danielle Toussie, Luke A. Ginocchio, Benjamin T. Cooper, Lea Azour, William H. Moore, Geraldine Villasana Gomez, Jane P. Ko Source Type: research

Imaging of Large Airway Disorders
Large airway disorders encompass a large variety of diseases and pathology, with broad categories including anatomic variants, congenital abnormalities, acquired abnormalities, inflammatory/infiltrative causes, infection, and tumors. The most common diseases in each category are discussed with a focus on the salient imaging findings. Pitfalls to beware of are discussed through the article, and concludes with a general method to approaching large airways pathology that should provide the reader with a basic framework and understanding of this complex topic. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anupama Gupta Brixey, Raluca McCallum Source Type: research

Pericardial Recesses on Computed Tomography
The pericardium comprises a double-walled fibrous-serosal sac that encloses the heart. Reflections of the serosal layer form sinuses and recesses. With advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) technology, pericardial recesses are frequently detected with thin-section CT. Knowledge of pericardial anatomy on imaging is crucial to avoid misinterpretation of fluid-filled pericardial sinuses and recesses as adenopathy/pericardial metastasis or aortic dissection, which can impact patient management and treatment decisions. The authors offer a comprehensive review of pericardial anatomy and its variations observed on CT...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 24, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hanna Dalla Pria Ferreira, Lauren T. Erasmus, Taylor A. Strange, Jitesh Ahuja, Rishi Agrawal, Girish S. Shroff, Smita Patel, Mylene T. Truong Source Type: research

Subsolid Nodules
Subsolid nodules are heterogeneously appearing and behaving entities, commonly encountered incidentally and in high-risk populations. Accurate characterization of subsolid nodules, and application of evolving surveillance guidelines, facilitates evidence-based and multidisciplinary patient-centered management. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lea Azour, Andrea S. Oh, Ashley E. Prosper, Danielle Toussie, Geraldine Villasana-Gomez, Lila Pourzand Source Type: research

Drug-induced Lung Disease in the Oncology Patient
Drug-induced lung disease is commonly encountered, especially in the oncology setting. Diagnosis is challenging because clinical and radiologic findings are nonspecific, often overlapping with other lung pathologies in these patients due to underlying neoplasia, infection, or other treatment effects such as radiotherapy. Furthermore, oncology patients often receive multiple antineoplastic agents concurrently, and virtually every agent has an association with lung injury. In this article, we will review a variety of antineoplastic agents that are associated with drug-induced injury and discuss incidence, their typical timin...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Girish S. Shroff, Ajay Sheshadri, Mehmet Altan, Mylene T. Truong, Lauren T. Erasmus, Ioannis Vlahos Source Type: research

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
This study reviews the clinical and radiographic findings associated with CTEPH to improve awareness and recognition. Strengths and limitations of multiple imaging modalities are reviewed. Accompanying images are provided to supplement the text and provide examples of important findings for the reader. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jonathan Moore, Erica Altschul, Martine Remy-Jardin, Suhail Raoof Source Type: research

Chest Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Many promising study results as well as technical advances for chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated its academic and clinical potentials during the last few decades, although chest MRI has been used for relatively few clinical situations in routine clinical practice. However, the Fleischner Society as well as the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine have published a few white papers to promote chest MRI in routine clinical practice. In this review, we present clinical evidence of the efficacy of chest MRI for 1) thoracic oncology and 2) pulmonary vascular diseases. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yoshiyuki Ozawa, Hiroyuki Nagata, Takahiro Ueda, Yuka Oshima, Nayu Hamabuchi, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Daisuke Takenaka, Yoshiharu Ohno Source Type: research

Pulmonary Infection
Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the community and hospital settings. Bacterial, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal pathogens are all potential causative agents of pulmonary infection. Chest radiographs and computed tomography are frequently utilized in the assessment of pneumonia. Learning the imaging patterns of different potential organisms allows the radiologist to formulate an appropriate differential diagnosis. An organism-based approach is used to discuss the imaging findings of different etiologies of pulmonary infection. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - March 21, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jennifer Febbo, Farouk Dako Source Type: research

Sarcoidosis
CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Robert P. Baughman, Elyse E. Lower, Marc A. Judson Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT P. BAUGHMAN, MD (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Contents
Robert P. Baughman, Elyse E. Lower, and Marc A. Judson (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Thoracic Imaging (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Role of Bronchoscopy in Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder with unclear etiology and can often pose a diagnostic challenge. A tissue diagnosis is often necessary to illustrate the non-caseating granulomas on histopathology. This review aims to synthesize current evidence related to tissue diagnosis of sarcoidosis using various bronchoscopic techniques. We start by discussing standard bronchoscopic techniques which have remained the cornerstone of diagnostic workup such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial biopsy (EBB), conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) followed by...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - December 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sadia Benzaquen, Atul Matta, Sahar Sultan, Kumar Sarvottam Source Type: research