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IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

Future Advances in Melanoma ResearchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The future of melanoma research is promising. Specific mechanisms leading to oncogenic transformation in melanoma development have been identified, and are likely to produce new targets for melanoma therapy. Also, advances in melanoma research will result from melanoma investigators co-opting approaches used to study other malignancies in which progress has been made more rapidly. Systematic roadblocks limiting advances in melanoma research relative to other malignancies are being addressed in a formal manner. The public and public officials are increasingly becoming aware of the need for more dedicated efforts to address...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Thomas J. Hornyak Source Type: journals

Surgical Treatment of Advanced MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the principles of patient selection and the potential benefits of surgical management of melanoma metastatic to various sites. Novel adjuvant therapies are being developed to augment the benefits of surgical treatment of advanced melanoma in the future. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Christopher J. Hussussian Source Type: journals

Role of Radiation Therapy in Cutaneous MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cutaneous melanoma is a disease that often has an aggressive and unpredictable course. It was historically thought to be a radioresistant neoplasm; however, substantial radiobiologic and clinical evidence has emerged to refute this notion. Improved local control has been demonstrated with the use of adjuvant radiation therapy delivered to the primary site or regional lymphatics in patients with high-risk clinical or pathologic features. Despite improved local control, high-risk cutaneous melanoma often spreads systemically, leading to poor survival. In the setting of systemic progression, radiation therapy can frequently p...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jaime H. Shuff, Malika L. Siker, Mackenzie D. Daly, Christopher J. Schultz Source Type: journals

Systemic Therapy for Cutaneous MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides a review of the current medical management of patients with high-risk and metastatic cutaneous melanoma, including a review of the use of adjuvant interferon therapy and a discussion of adjuvant treatments under evaluation. The use of standard chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic disease is discussed, with an emphasis on developmental therapeutics using targeted agents. This discussion includes a review of the immune therapy for metastatic melanoma, including newer immunomodulatory agents and cellular therapeutics that are expected to significantly impact the care of these patients. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jonathan Treisman, Nina Garlie Source Type: journals

Complete Lymph Node Dissection for Regional Nodal MetastasisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The primary management of lymph nodes involved with metastatic melanoma is regional lymphadenectomy. Axillary or inguinal node complete lymph node dissection (CLND) is performed after an occult metastasis is found by sentinel lymph node biopsy, or after a clinically apparent regional lymph node metastasis. CLND completely removes all lymph-node-bearing tissue in a nodal basin. This procedure continues to be controversial. No randomized prospective studies have yet determined the survival advantage of CLND. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that all patients with stage III melanoma have a CLND. (Source: C...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: William W. Dzwierzynski Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Melanoma Metastases by PathologistsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses various approaches along with recommended dos and don'ts for optimum evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes for melanoma metastases. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Vinod B. Shidham Source Type: journals

The Role of Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Staging and Treatment of MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article explores what has driven the advent of selective or SLN biopsy, the rationale behind obtaining a preoperative lymphoscintigram, the technical details of the SLN biopsy procedure, and the refinement in the pathologic detection of ever smaller volumes of tumor in nymph node tissue removed. The role that these new modalities have played in changing the dynamic field of melanoma care is emphasized. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Wayne K. Stadelmann Source Type: journals

Head and Neck MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nearly 20% of malignant melanoma in the human body occurs in the head and neck. Most studies divide the sites of origin of malignant melanoma in the head and neck into the following areas: the face, the scalp and neck, the external ear, and the eyelid or medial or lateral canthal area. Sixty-five percent of malignant melanomas occur in the facial region. Given that the face represents only 3.5% of total body surface area, the face is overrepresented when compared with other sites in the head and neck. Among the sites of origin in the head and neck, melanoma of the scalp and neck carries the highest mortality, with 10-year ...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David L. Larson, Jeffrey D. Larson Source Type: journals

Surgical Management of Primary DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite advancements in the treatment of melanoma, surgical management remains the cornerstone for treatment and long-term survival. The authors present their surgical approach to the patient with melanoma including evaluation, treatment, and reconstruction. In addition, management of melanoma occurring in difficult anatomic areas and in special patient populations is reviewed. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jeffrey H. Kozlow, Riley S. Rees Source Type: journals

Melanoma: Workup and SurveillanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides a survey of these means. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Scott D. Lifchez, J. Alex Kelamis Source Type: journals

Epidemiology, Staging (New System), and Prognosis of Cutaneous MelanomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Melanoma remains one of the most deadly of skin cancers and its incidence has been rising steadily throughout the past several decades. The risk factors associated with melanoma include external factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and host factors, such as family history, history of dysplastic nevi, and number of nevi. The 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-nodes-metastasis staging classification incorporates Breslow depth, Clark's level, ulceration, pathologic microstaging attributes, and nodal and distant metastases. Prognosis remains poor for advanced disease and surgery remains the mainstay o...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Younghoon R. Cho, Melissa P. Chiang Source Type: journals

Lentigo Maligna: Diagnosis and TreatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lentigo maligna is an overgrowth of atypical melanocytes at the dermal–epidermal junction also known as melanoma in situ. Left untreated, these lesions can continue to grow, resulting in dermal invasion and progression to lentigo maligna melanoma. Many operative and nonoperative treatments have been developed with the goals of preserving function and cosmesis while at the same time addressing the diffuse nature of these lesions. Previous recommendations have led plastic surgeons to commonly perform wide local excision with 5 mm margins. More recent literature has suggested that in many cases this treatment can result in ...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Mark W. Bosbous, William W. Dzwierzynski, Marcelle Neuburg Source Type: journals

The Spitz Nevus: Review and UpdateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Spitz nevus is a relatively common skin lesion in children and is less commonly seen in adults. The lesion is defined by the presence of distinctive-appearing spindle or epithelioid cells on light microscopy in a recognizable nevus-like pattern. Spitz lesions share features with melanoma on light microscopic examination. When Spitz features are atypical or typical features are absent, distinction from melanoma can be difficult. A spectrum of pathology of Spitz lesions can be found from lesions that are benign and typical to lesions that are atypical with melanoma-like features and frank melanoma. There is significant i...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Valerie B. Lyon Source Type: journals

Pigmented Lesion Pathology: What You Should Expect from Your Pathologist, and What Your Pathologist Should Expect from YouEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first part of this review examines the reliability of histologic diagnosis in pigmented lesions, as measured by concordance studies and medicolegal analysis. It emphasizes the role of clinicians in maximizing that reliability, by providing adequate clinical descriptions, using appropriate biopsy technique, and critically interpreting pathology reports. It identifies those entities that are especially problematic, either because they cannot be reliably recognized by the histopathologist or because their histology is a poor guide to their biologic behavior. The second part of the review is a guide to some of the more dif...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Matthew G. Fleming Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been almost 10 years since an issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery was dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma. Since that time, significant changes in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma have occurred. In 2000, at the time of the last issue, elective lymph node dissection was still being performed and sentinel lymph node biopsy was in its infancy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has now become the standard of care in melanoma. The staging system was totally revamped in 2002, taking into account the significance of ulceration and the information gained during sentinel node biopsy. Although the t...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: William Dzwierzynski Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - November 17, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

Outcomes from Burn Injury—Should Decreasing Mortality Continue to be Our Compass?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article uses the National Burn Repository to assess the factors that affect mortality and discusses the need for other outcome measures. Although improving survival is a lofty goal and should not be abandoned, aspects such as quality of life and return to baseline activity should be taken into account in the assessment of patient outcome after burn injury. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Amín D. Jaskille, Jeffrey W. Shupp, Anna R. Pavlovich, Philip Fidler, Marion H. Jordan, James C. Jeng Source Type: journals

Burn Reconstruction: the Problems, the Techniques, and the ApplicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many patients continue to experience problems long after burn wounds have closed. Contracture and deformity are frequent sequelae of the scar tissue that is formed secondary to thermal trauma. A variety of techniques are available to the burn reconstructive surgeon, ranging from simpler grafting methods to complex free-tissue transfers. In this article, the clinical applications of these procedures are discussed, with examples of management techniques for selected problems commonly encountered by the reconstructive surgeon. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David J. Wainwright Source Type: journals

Rehabilitation After a Burn InjuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Burn rehabilitation is a serious undertaking, and to produce the best outcomes, it demands the special attention of the entire medical team. A significant burn injury may lead to functional and aesthetic limitations along with psychosocial issues affecting the quality of life for the person who has the injury. Burn rehabilitation professionals specialize in assisting patients to achieve optimal functional outcomes at the completion of the rehabilitative process. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Michael Serghiou, April Cowan, Christopher Whitehead Source Type: journals

Pathophysiology and Management of the Burn ScarEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews current knowledge in the pathophysiology and molecular and cellular characteristics of postburn HSc. Additionally, current treatment modalities and future treatment options based on advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of HSc are discussed. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Adil Ladak, Edward E. Tredget Source Type: journals

Acute Management of Facial BurnsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present our approach to the acute surgical management of facial burns. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jonathan S. Friedstat, Matthew B. Klein Source Type: journals

Closure of the Excised Burn Wound: Autografts, Semipermanent Skin Substitutes, and Permanent Skin SubstitutesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although definitive closure of the excised burn wound using split- or full-thickness autografts is the gold standard, permanent closure of larger defects may not be immediately feasible, especially if the presence of large burns limits the availability of donor sites. Newer temporary and permanent membranes can serve as adjuncts in some cases. Someday, burn surgeons may be in a position to close virtually any wound they generate using an immediately available, permanent, synthetic or laboratory-derived autologous composite. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Robert Sheridan Source Type: journals

Closure of the Excised Burn Wound: Temporary Skin SubstitutesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the physiology, and types of products, and their uses. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jeffrey R. Saffle Source Type: journals

Surgical Excision of the Burn WoundEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Early excision of the burn eschar has been one of the most significant advances in modern burn care. Historical advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of burn injury and the systemic inflammatory response fueled by the burn wound, and refinements in the techniques of tangential and fascial excision, have led to earlier excision and grafting of the burn wound with improvements in morbidity and mortality. Efforts to control blood loss, and good operative planning and attention to special areas, can lead to the safe excision and grafting of large burns. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Michael J. Mosier, Nicole S. Gibran Source Type: journals

What's New in Critical Care of the Burn-Injured Patient?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The number of cases of mortality after burn injury continues to decline, in part because of advances in respiratory, fluid, and sepsis management. However, care needs to be exercised in the application of these new techniques and technologies, many of which have never been assessed or have been incompletely studied in patients who have burn injury. Use of any of these advances in critical care needs to be individualized for any given patient and altered based on the patient's response to therapy. Future advances in the critical care of burns will require multicenter prospective trials at dedicated burn centers to define th...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Tina L. Palmieri Source Type: journals

Topical Antimicrobial Agents for Burn WoundsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article introduces a strategy for the rational use of these agents. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David G. Greenhalgh Source Type: journals

The Hypermetabolic Response to Burn Injury and Interventions to Modify this ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Severe burn injury is followed by a profound hypermetabolic response that persists up to 24 months after injury. It is mediated by up to 50-fold elevations in plasma catecholamines, cortisol, and inflammatory cells that lead to whole-body catabolism, elevated resting energy expenditures, and multiorgan dysfunction. All of these metabolic and physiologic derangements prevent full rehabilitation and acclimatization of burn survivors back into society. Modulation of the response by early excision and grafting of burn wounds, thermoregulation, early and continuous enteral feeding with high-protein high-carbohydrate feedings, a...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Felicia N. Williams, David N. Herndon, Marc G. Jeschke Source Type: journals

Fluid Resuscitation of the Thermally Injured PatientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased capillary permeability and reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure following burn injury result in hypovolemia and development of edema in the burn and nonburn tissues. Replenishment of the intravascular deficit with crystalloid fluid has been the mainstay of resuscitation for the better part of four decades. A progressive but as yet unexplained trend toward provision of resuscitation volumes well in excess of those predicted by the Parkland formula, associated with numerous edema-related complications, has been repeatedly observed recently. Correction of this phenomenon, called fluid creep, will likely revolve a...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Robert Cartotto Source Type: journals

Airway Management and Smoke Inhalation Injury in the Burn PatientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Smoke inhalation injury, a unique form of acute lung injury, greatly increases the occurrence of postburn morbidity and mortality. In addition to early intubation for upper-airway protection, subsequent critical care of patients who have this injury should be directed at maintaining distal airway patency. High-frequency ventilation, inhaled heparin, and aggressive pulmonary toilet are among the therapies available. Even so, immunosuppression, intubation, and airway damage predispose these patients to pneumonia and other complications. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Leopoldo C. Cancio Source Type: journals

Burn Teams and Burn Centers: The Importance of a Comprehensive Team Approach to Burn CareEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Remarkable advances in burn care have been made over recent decades, and it is recognized that the organized efforts of burn teams are required to continue enhancing survival rates and quality of life for patients. Patients with major burns are unique, representing one of the most severe models of trauma, and therefore necessitate treatment in the best specialized facilities available for that endeavor. Burn centers have developed to meet these intricate needs but can only function most productively and efficiently through well-organized, multifaceted, patient-centered teams in the areas of both clinical care and research....
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Ahmed M. Al-Mousawi, Gabriel A. Mecott-Rivera, Marc G. Jeschke, David N. Herndon Source Type: journals

An Historical Perspective on Advances in Burn Care Over the Past 100 YearsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The accelerated pace of clinical and laboratory research over the past century and application of the research findings to patient care have resulted in unprecedented survival of burned patients in all age groups. Resuscitation based on an understanding of the nature and magnitude of the multisystem response to injury now prevents burn shock; effective topical antimicrobial chemotherapy and early excision prevent wound toxemia and sepsis; biologic and bioengineered dressings compensate for the missing skin; and broad spectrum metabolic support regimens prevent exhaustion and accelerate convalescence. Rehabilitation program...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Basil A. Pruitt, Steven E. Wolf Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We are McIndoe's army,We are his Guinea Pigs.With dermatomes and pediclesGlass eyes, false teeth and wigs.And when we get our dischargeWe'll shout with all our might:“Per ardua ad astra”We'd rather drink than fight…—From “The Guinea Pig Anthem,” sung to the tune “Aurelia” by Samuel Sebastian Wesley (1864). (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Robert Cartotto Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - September 29, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: journals

Current Concepts and Future Challenges in Facial TransplantationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents a classification of facial allografts and discusses the technical, immunologic, and ethical challenges that lie ahead. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Benoît G. Lengelé Source Type: journals

Prefabrication and Prelamination Applications in Current Aesthetic Facial ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prefabrication and prelamination techniques can offer significant advantage in aesthetic facial reconstruction. Specifically, they can be applied to expand the recruitment and assembly of optimal tissues for better approximation of aesthetic ideals. Some of their unique abilities are presented, and their advantages, limitations, and technical pointers are provided. The place for prelamination and prefabrication in the burgeoning era of composite tissue transplantation is addressed. Some of the relevant features and interdependencies among these procedures as they relate to aesthetic facial reconstruction are discussed. (So...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jon A. Mathy, Julian J. Pribaz Source Type: journals

Maximizing Results for Lipofilling in Facial ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lipostructure (also known as structural fat grafts, lipofilling, or fat grafting) has become a technique with a good reputation and reproducible results. The application of this technology in patients undergoing reconstruction is a novel surgical alternative. Obtaining good results in this patient population is very difficult, but the application of small fat grafts with a strict Coleman technique produces long-term cosmetic effects. Adult-derived stem cells have been pointed out as important effectors of this regenerative technology, and future research should focus in this direction. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Juan P. Barret, Neus Sarobe, Nelida Grande, Delia Vila, Jose M. Palacin Source Type: journals

Strategies in Lip ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Injury or surgical trauma can result in significant alterations of normal lip appearance and function that can profoundly impact the patient's self-image and quality of life. Neuromuscular injury can lead to asymmetry at rest and during facial animation, and distressing functional disabilities are common. Loss of labial competence may interfere with the ability to articulate, whistle, suck, kiss, and contain salivary secretions. For smaller defects, reconstruction can be very effective. Reconstructing an aesthetically pleasing and functional lip is more difficult with larger defects. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Peter C. Neligan Source Type: journals

Maximizing Results in Reconstruction of Cheek DefectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarizes established options for reconstruction of cheek defects and provides an overview of several modifications as well as tips and tricks to avoid complications and maximize aesthetic results. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Marc A.M. Mureau, Stefan O.P. Hofer Source Type: journals

Nasal Reconstruction with a Forehead FlapEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the author's technique in two-stage and three-stage forehead flap procedures. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Frederick J. Menick Source Type: journals

The Evolution of Lining in Nasal ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Historically, external skin is the most obvious tissue deficiency after nasal trauma or skin cancer excision. The loss of underlying support and lining is less apparent and practically speaking has been considered an afterthought in the repair of nasal defects. The importance of lining was initially recognized by Keegan and Gillies. Modern surgeons can effectively employ both traditional techniques and more modern methods to successfully combine thin, supple covering skin; a shaped, supportive mid layer; and thin, conforming lining to re-create the form and function of a nose. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Frederick J. Menick Source Type: journals

An Algorithm for Treatment of Nasal DefectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nasal defects are common after cancer resection, and the goal of treatment is to appropriately define the defect and then to select the best reconstructive options. The plastic surgeon must reestablish all deficient layers of the nose (support, lining, and external cover). The authors' algorithm is based on defect location and orientation, with the nose divided transversely into three zones, and then into subunits. In this article, using the aforementioned algorithm, the authors simplify the complex topic of nasal reconstruction, concentrating on local and regional flap reconstruction. The appropriate treatment for full-th...
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Brian M. Parrett, Julian J. Pribaz Source Type: journals

Endoscopic-Assisted Reconstructive Surgery of the Lacrimal DuctEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reconstructive surgery of the nasolacrimal duct, or dacryocystorhinostomy, can be performed via an external or endonasal approach. For almost a century external dacryocystorhinostomy was the gold standard for correction of lacrimal duct obstruction. The endonasal approach became a safe surgical procedure using endoscopes and has the same anatomic and functional success rate as the external approach. It can be performed in adults and in children with close collaboration between a rhinologist and an ophthalmologist. An overview is given of the literature and of the authors' experience in this field. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: René M.L. Poublon, K. de Roon Hertoge Source Type: journals

Aesthetic Eyelid ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article emphasizes eyelid morphology and discusses the principles and key reconstructive methods used to achieve optimal results for upper and lower eyelid defects, defects of the medial and lateral canthi, and complex combined defects. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: John D. Stein, Oleh M. Antonyshyn Source Type: journals

Reconstruction of Scalp and Forehead DefectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reconstruction of scalp and forehead defects is a complex field with a broad variety of reconstructive options. The thought process and techniques used for reconstruction of scalp and forehead defects are the subject of this article. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Iris A. Seitz, Lawrence J. Gottlieb Source Type: journals

Improving Outcomes in Aesthetic Facial ReconstructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aesthetic facial reconstruction is a challenging art. Improving outcomes in aesthetic facial reconstruction requires a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the functional and aesthetic requirements for facial reconstruction. From there, further refinement and attention to detail can be provided. This paper discusses basic principles of aesthetic facial reconstruction. (Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Plastic Surgery - June 9, 2009 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Stefan O.P. Hofer, Marc A.M. Mureau Source Type: journals