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Contents Volume 20 (2009)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (4): 809-811 (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - October 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

The emergence and structure of be like and related quotatives: A constructional accountEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article investigates the structural assembly and semantics of innovative quotatives such as be like, be all and go in English. While the sociolinguistic origins and spread of these forms have received ample attention, a question that is rarely addressed is how precisely this construction is syntagmatically composed, and how it relates to more canonical forms of speech representation. We argue that the basic component structures are the be like or go clause as a whole (I'm like, he went, etc.) and the reported complement. It is the entire reporting clause, rather than the reporting verb as is traditionally assumed, whi...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - October 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

/r/-liaison in English: An empirical studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents the results of an empirical study on the phenomenon of /r/-liaison (i.e., linking /r/ and intrusive /r/) in non-rhotic English from the perspective of usage-based Cognitive Linguistics. The study looks into sociolinguistic, phonetic and usage-based factors that condition variability in /r/-liaison through the analysis of news archives from the BBC World Service website (years 2004 and 2005). The paper argues that a thorough understanding of the phenomenon of /r/-liaison requires an analysis of the different aspects that condition its use and the use of empirical methods to study it. (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - October 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Cyclic vs. circular argumentation in the Conceptual Metaphor TheoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (4): 703-732 Abstract In current debates Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory has been charged with the circularity of the relation between the data and the hypotheses. If these charges were justified, they would be fatal for Conceptual Metaphor Theory, because circularity is one of the most serious objections that can be raised against a scientific approach. Accordingly, the paper addresses the following problems: (1) Are the charges claiming that Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory is circular adequate? (2) In what kind of metatheoretical framework can it be decided whether...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - October 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Constructional sources of implicit agents in sentence comprehensionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (4): 675-702 Abstract Much research about on-line sentence comprehension focuses on the contributions of individual lexical items, with specific interest in verbs. One aspect of sentence meaning that has been claimed to be rooted in verb representation is event structure. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the claim that the verb is not the sole contributor of event structure, but that the syntactic construction of a sentence is also a contributor. In this paper, we repeat a study designed to support a verb-based view using novel verbs derived from nouns. The pattern of sentence compreh...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - October 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Imperative as conditional: From constructional to compositional semanticsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (4): 641-673 Abstract The topic of constructional inheritance is discussed by means of a detailed qualitative analysis of the conditional imperative construction in Dutch and in Russian. It is argued that the two distinctive features of this construction, as compared with other conditional constructions such as explicit ‘if ’ conditionals, can be motivated in a compositional approach: (i) from the directive imperative construction, the conditional use inherits intersubjective meaning; (ii) from the conditional paratactic construction, it inherits the pragmatic (context-dependent) feature that t...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 30, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

A dynamic view of usage and language acquisitionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (3): 627-640 Abstract A general framework is sketched for thinking about problems of usage and acquisition from a cognitive linguistic perspective. It is a dynamic, usage-based approach emphasizing the temporal dimension of language structure as an aspect of cognitive processing. A variety of topics are discussed involving the abstraction of linguistic units, their mental representation, and their activation in usage events. (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Pronoun co-referencing errors: Challenges for generativist and usage-based accountsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tests accounts of co-reference errors whereby children allow “Mama Bear” and “her” to co-refer in sentences like “Mama Bear is washing her” (Chien and Wexler, Language Acquisition 1: 225–295, 1990). 63 children aged 4;6, 5;6 and 6;6 participated in a truth-value judgment task augmented with a sentence production component. There were three major finding: 1) contrary to predictions of most generativist accounts, children accepted co-reference even in cases of bound anaphora e.g., “Every girl is washing her” 2) contrary to Thornton and Wexler (Principle B, VP Ellipsis and Interpretation in Child ...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

The acquisition of questions with long-distance dependenciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe three elicited imitation experiments with children aged from 4;6 to 6;9 and adult controls. Participants were asked to repeat prototypical questions (i.e., questions which match the hypothesised template), unprototypical questions (which depart from it in several respects) and declarative counterparts of both types of interrogative sentences. The children performed significantly better on the prototypical variants of both constructions, even when both variants contained exactly the same lexical material, while adults showed prototypicality e¤ects for LDD questions only. These results suggest that a general dec...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

The discourse bases of relativization: An investigation of young German and English-speaking children's comprehension of relative clausesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (3): 539-570 Abstract In numerous comprehension studies, across different languages, children have performed worse on object relatives (e.g., the dog that the cat chased) than on subject relatives (e.g., the dog that chased the cat). One possible reason for this is that the test sentences did not exactly match the kinds of object relatives that children typically experience. Adults and children usually hear and produce object relatives with inanimate heads and pronominal subjects (e.g., the car that we bought last year) (cf. Kidd et al., Language and Cognitive Processes 22: 860–897, 2007). We tes...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

going-to-V and gonna-V in child language: A quantitative approach to constructional developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (3): 509-538 Abstract This paper provides a corpus-linguistic, usage-based approach to the acquisition of be-going-to-V and be-gonna-V. Based on longitudinal data from two American children, it is argued that the constructions develop on the basis of several low-level chunks of varying degrees of morphosyntactic complexity. I propose an empirical way of grouping these chunks according to their structural and developmental properties, which allows us to trace how constructional networks emerge, expand and change in early childhood. In addition, this method reveals insights into the way the historica...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Two-year-old children's production of multiword utterances: A usage-based analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we apply a usage-based method called ‘traceback’ to the multiword utterances of four two-year-olds to see how closely related these utterances are to their previous utterances. Data was collected from the age of 2;0 until 6 weeks later on a relatively dense sampling schedule. We attempted to match each novel multiword utterance in a two-hour corpus to lexical strings and schemas that the child had said before. Matches were found for between 78–92 percent of all multiword utterances. Between 62–91 percent of the slots in schemas created by these tracebacks were for referring expressions and were fille...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - August 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

IntroductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (3): 477-480 (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 31, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Book reviewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 425-476 (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Comparative standards and the feasibility of conceptual expansionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 395-423 Abstract Parallelism between targets in a comparative structure is not always respected in some comparative standards in Japanese that allow the conceptual expansion of their referents, e.g., Nihon-no jinkoo-wa kankoku-yori ooi (The population of Japan is larger than Korea). We would like to investigate the conditions under which conceptual expansion is permitted. In contrast to Japanese, the standard of comparison in English adheres to the constraint of parallelism, (e.g., The population of Japan is larger than *(that of) Korea.) and other European languages follow suit. There seems t...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

What constructional profiles reveal about synonymy: A case study of Russian words for sadness and happinessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 367-393 Abstract We test two hypotheses relevant to the form-meaning relationship and offer a methodological contribution to the empirical study of near-synonymy within the framework of cognitive linguistics. In addition, we challenge implicit assumptions about the nature of the paradigm, which we show is skewed in favor of a few forms that are prototypical for a given lexical item. If one accepts the claim of construction grammar that the construction is the relevant unit of linguistic analysis, then we should expect to find a relationship between the meanings of words and the constructions t...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

A Cognitive Grammar account of time motion ‘metaphors’: A view from JapaneseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on motion metaphors of time and complements Moore's (Cognitive Linguistics 17: 199–244, 2006) analysis, which insightfully discusses time metaphors, from the standpoint of Japanese data. The present paper argues that time metaphors should be analyzed in terms of Langacker's (Observations and speculations on subjectivity, John Benjamins, 1985, Cognitive Linguistics, 1: 5–38, 1990a, Concept, Image, and Symbol: The Cognitive Basis of Grammar, Mouton de Gruyter, 1990b) subjective/objective construal if Japanese data are considered. More specifically, the present analysis classifies time metaphors in te...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Premodifier order in English nominal phrases: A semantic accountEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 301-340 Abstract The article starts from the description of premodification in English nominal phrases as structured in four zones, given in Quirk and colleagues (A Comprehensive Grammar of Contemporary English, Longman, 1985). The argument is that one explanation for the zones and the zone order is in premodifiers' types of meaning (“semantic structure”), following the analysis of meaning types in Cruse (Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics, Oxford University Press, 2004). Semantic structure is distinguished from content; different senses of words can have the ...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Children's understanding of the agent-patient relations in the transitive construction: Cross-linguistic comparisons between Cantonese, German, and EnglishEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 267-300 Abstract Cantonese-, German-, and English-speaking children aged 2;6, 3,6, and 4,6 acted out transitive sentences containing novel verbs in three conditions: (1) agent and patient were cued redundantly by both word order and animacy; (2) agent and patient were marked only with word order; and (3) agent and patient were cued in conflicting ways with word order and animacy. All three age groups in all three languages comprehended the redundantly cued sentences. When word order was the only cue, English children showed the earliest comprehension at 2;6, then German, and then Cantonese chi...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - July 1, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Predicting children's errors with negative questions: Testing a schema-combination accountEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 20 (2): 225-266 Abstract Positive and negative what, why and yes/no questions with the 3sg auxiliaries can and does were elicited from 50 children aged 3;3–4;3. In support of the constructivist “schema-combination” account, only children who produced a particular positive question type correctly (e.g., What does she want?) produced a characteristic “auxiliary-doubling” error (e.g., *What does she doesn't want?) for the corresponding negative question type. This suggests that these errors are formed by superimposing a positive question frame (e.g., What does THING PROCESS?) and an inappropria...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - April 30, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Intersubjectivity and explanation in linguistics: A reply to Hinzen and van LambalgenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 125-143 Abstract 1. Introduction Let me start by saying that I very much appreciate both the effort that Hinzen and Van Lambalgen (hereafter, H&L) have put into commenting on Constructions of Intersubjectivity (hereafter, CoI), and their comments as such. It is important for all cognitive disciplines studying language that representatives from different schools of thought try to address each other's work, in terms of both results and foundations. We may not reach agreement as a result of a discussion, but it will still be helpful in clarifying matters for ourselves and for other interested scho...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Arie Verhagen Source Type: journals

Explaining intersubjectivity. A comment on Arie Verhagen, Constructions of IntersubjectivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 107-123 Abstract 1. Overview Constructions of Intersubjectivity (CoI) is an important addition to the growing body of work on `cognitive' and construction-based grammars, which CoI links to evolutionary issues in interesting ways. CoI also touches upon a number of fundamental (indeed philosophical) issues in the study of linguistic communication, meaning, and human cognition; it should be applauded for the explicitness with which it does so, using language as a `window on the mind' (p. 210). A concrete vision of the evolution of language is endorsed, arising against the background of analyses o...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Wolfram HinzenMichiel van Lambalgen Source Type: journals

Linguistic and metalinguistic categories in second language learningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 67-106 Abstract This paper discusses proposed characteristics of implicit linguistic and explicit metalinguistic knowledge representations as well as the properties of implicit and explicit processes believed to operate on these representations. In accordance with assumptions made in the usage-based approach to language and language acquisition, it is assumed that implicit linguistic knowledge is represented in terms of flexible and context-dependent categories which are subject to similarity-based processing. It is suggested that, by contrast, explicit metalinguistic knowledge is characterized...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Karen Roehr Source Type: journals

Reply to Haiman and CroftEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 59-66 Abstract I am grateful to John Haiman and William Croft for their penetrating critiques of my claims and for the interesting challenges that they provide for them. This offers me a chance to clarify and elaborate on some of the central points of my article. This is an important debate, because iconicity and frequency are central explanatoty concepts in functional and cognitive linguistics. Even if we do not succeed in resolving the issues, our understanding will be enhanced by this discussion. (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Martin Haspelmath Source Type: journals

On iconicity of distanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 49-57 Abstract Haspelmath argues that certain universal asymmetries in linguistic distance previously analyzed as examples of iconicity of distance are better analyzed as the result of frequency. It is argued here that Haspelmath's arguments can be countered by an advocate of iconicity of distance as an explanatory factor. Iconicity of distance is not different in kind from iconicity of contiguity, which Haspelmath endorses. Haspelmath's argument works only if one takes relative frequency instead of absolute frequency; yet it is generally accepted that economy effects are the result of absolute...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: William Croft Source Type: journals

In defence of iconicityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 35-48 Abstract A number of iconically motivated grammatical distinctions, among them that between alienable and inalienable possession in Japanese and Korean, are graded. Haspelmath's Zipfian frequency hypothesis may be able to accommodate these facts (lowest bulk is most frequent, middle bulk is less frequent, and maximal bulk is maximally infrequent), but until more data are forthcoming, iconicity alone makes the correct predictions in those cases, and (crucially) in others where bulk is simply not the grammatical variable at issue in signaling markedness (as for example, the distinction betw...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - March 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: John Haiman Source Type: journals

Frequency vs. iconicity in explaining grammatical asymmetriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 19(1): 1-33 Abstract This paper argues that three widely accepted motivating factors subsumed under the broad heading of iconicity, namely iconicity of quantity, iconicity of complexity and iconicity of cohesion, in fact have no role in explaining grammatical asymmetries and should be discarded. The iconicity accounts of the relevant phenomena have been proposed by authorities like Jakobson, Haiman and Givon, but I argue that these linguists did not sufficiently consider alternative usage-based explanations in terms of frequency of use. A closer look shows that the well-known Zipfian effects of freque...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - February 1, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Martin Haspelmath Source Type: journals

Contents Volume 18 (2007)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(4): 583-585 (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - December 4, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

ErratumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(4): 581-581 (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - December 4, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Book reviewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(4): 559-579 Abstract Brigitte Nerlich, Zazie Todd, Vimala Herman, and David D. Clarke (eds.), Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language. (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 142.) Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003, xii+422 pp., ISBN 3-11-017616-5. (Yoshikata Shibuya) Hubert Cuyckens, Rene Dirven, and John R. Taylor (eds.), Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics. (Cognitive Linguistics Research 23.) Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. xiii+504 pp., ISBN 3-11-017709-9. (Cory D. Wright) (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - December 4, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

The concepts of constructional mismatch and type-shifting from the perspective of grammaticalizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(4): 523-557 Abstract The concepts mismatch, type-shifting, and coercion are central to much recent work on cognitive linguistics. In a number of papers, Michaelis has investigated entity and event coercion (Michaelis 2003a, b, 2004 a, b). I address her question what conditions favor the diachronic development of shift constructions (Michaelis 2004a: 8) from the perspective of grammaticalization, with particular reference to the development of partitive constructions like a bit of apple into degree modifier constructions like a bit of a hypocrite. I show why these are different constructions, and co...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - December 4, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Elizabeth Closs Traugott Source Type: journals

Do we need summary and sequential scanning in (Cognitive) grammar?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(4): 487-522 Abstract Cognitive Grammar postulates two modes of cognitive processing for the structuring of complex scenes, summary scanning and sequential scanning. Generally speaking, the theory is committed to basing grammatical concepts upon more general cognitive principles. In the case of summary and sequential scanning, independent evidence is lacking, but Langacker argues that the distinction should nonetheless be accepted as it buys us considerable theory-internal explanatory power. For example, dynamic prepositions, to-infinitives and participles (e.g., into, to enter, entered) are disting...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - November 20, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Cristiano BrocciasWillem B Hollmann Source Type: journals

Book reviewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(3): 467-485 Joanna Gavins and Gerard Steen (eds.), Cognitive Poetics in Practice. London: Routledge, 2003, 188 pp., ISBN 0-415-27799-X. (Michael Sinding) Veronika Koller. Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse: A Critical Cognitive Study. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, xii + 244 pp., ISBN 1-4039-3291-3. (Gerard Steen) (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 25, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: journals

Discourse metaphors: The link between figurative language and habitual analogiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article proposes that discourse metaphors are an important link between the two. Discourse metaphors are verbal expressions containing a construction that evokes an analogy negotiated in the discourse community. Results of an analysis of metaphors in a corpus of newspaper texts support the prediction that regular analogies are form-specific, i.e., bound to particular lexical items. Implications of these results for assumptions about the generality of habitual analogies are discussed. (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 25, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Jorg Zinken Source Type: journals

Negativity bias in language: A cognitive-affective model of emotive intensifiersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(3): 417-443 The repeated confirmation of the hypothesis of a negativity bias in cognitive psychology invited an assumption that the general asymmetry in the automatic processing of affective information should bear linguistic consequences, for language is inseparable from human cognition and emotion. This paper shows that the lexical semantics of emotive intensifiers in German, English and Chinese can be best explained in a cognitive-affective model of negativity bias. The parallel between a higher sensitivity to potentially threatening events at the neural level and the predominance of emotive int...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 25, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Zhuo Jing-Schmidt Source Type: journals

Moving around: The role of the conceptualizer in semantic interpretationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(3): 383-415 The first half of this article presents a fairly standard cognitive-semantic account of the semantic variants of the English path expression around. Then it is argued that this account needs to be expanded to include a much more explicitly central role for an active conceptualizer in a construal relation. To begin with, the schematic meaning of around is not an objective relation between a trajector and a landmark. It is a scanning pattern in which the conceptualizer's attention moves in order to focus on the location of the trajector. That scanning pattern is the same whether the traje...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 25, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Robert B Dewell Source Type: journals

The origins of grammar in the verbalization of experienceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive Linguistics 18(3): 339-382 Why is there grammar? The verbalization of experience can provide an explanatory model of the function of grammatical categories and constructions. Chafe's model of verbalization provides a model of how the unanalyzed, unique whole of experience is broken up into parts that are categorized into types, that is, the lexical roots of an utterance. We add further processes to Chafe's model, because the speaker also must convert the types represented by the lexical roots back to the particulars of the experience, and put the parts back together into the original whole. These additional proce...
Source: Cognitive Linguistics - September 19, 2007 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: William Croft Source Type: journals