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On the meaning of words and dinosaur bones: Lexical knowledge without a lexicon.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although for many years a sharp distinction has been made in language research between rules and words-with primary interest on rules-this distinction is now blurred in many theories. If anything, the focus of attention has shifted in recent years in favor of words. Results from many different areas of language research suggest that the lexicon is representationally rich, that it is the source of much productive behavior, and that lexically-specific information plays a critical and early role in the interpretation of grammatical structure. But how much information can or should be placed in the lexicon? This is the que...
Source: Cognitive Science - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elman JL Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: journals

Conceptual Hierarchies in a Flat Attractor Network: Dynamics of Learning and Computations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The structure of people's conceptual knowledge of concrete nouns has traditionally been viewed as hierarchical (Collins & Quillian, 1969). For example, superordinate concepts (vegetable) are assumed to reside at a higher level than basic-level concepts (carrot). A feature-based attractor network with a single layer of semantic features developed representations of both basic-level and superordinate concepts. No hierarchical structure was built into the network. In Experiment and Simulation 1, the graded structure of categories (typicality ratings) is accounted for by the flat attractor-network. Experiment and Simul...
Source: Cognitive Science - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: O'Connor CM, Cree GS, McRae K Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: journals

Effects of Attention on the Strength of Lexical Influences on Speech Perception: Behavioral Experiments and Computational Mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of lexical context on phonological processing are pervasive and there have been indications that such effects may be modulated by attention. However, attentional modulation in speech processing is neither well-documented nor well-understood. Experiment 1 demonstrated attentional modulation of lexical facilitation of speech sound recognition when task and critical stimuli were identical across attention conditions. We propose modulation of lexical activation as a neurophysiologically-plausible computational mechanism that can account for this type of modulation. Contrary to the claims of critics, this mechan...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 1, 2008 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mirman D, McClelland JL, Holt LL, Magnuson JS Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: journals

Mapping visual attention with change blindness: new directions for a new method.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Change blindness provides a new technique for mapping visual attention with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Change blindness can occur when a brief full-field blank interferes with the detection of changes in a scene that occur during the blank. This interference can be overcome by attending to the location of a change. Because changes are detected at attended locations, but not at unattended locations, detection accuracy provides an indirect measure of the distribution of visual attention. The likelihood of detecting a new element in a scene provides a measure of the occurrence of attention at that elem...
Source: Cognitive Science - January 1, 2004 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tse PU Tags: Cogn Sci Source Type: journals