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Age composition and antioxidant enzyme activities in blood of Black Sea teleosts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Age composition and age-related trends of antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in blood of seven Black Sea teleosts (Carangidae, Centracanthidae, Gadidae,, Mullidae, Gobiidae and Scorpaenidae) collected in marine coastal area of Sevastopol (Ukraine) were studied. In the catches the animals of 1+-2years of age dominated while in Scorpaena porcus population the number of relatively elder individuals belonging to classes of 3-4years was the highest. The trends of antioxidant enzyme activities in blood were...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - November 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rudneva II, Skuratovskaya EN, Kuzminova NS, Kovyrshina TB Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Paraquat-induced oxidative stress response during amphibian early embryonic development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In addition to the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of normal development, amphibian external development often forces embryos to deal with oxidative stress-producing agents present in the environment. Embryos should therefore develop protective systems to reduce ROS toxicity and achieve successful development. The present work was aimed to characterize the effects produced by the widespread-used ROS-generator pesticide Paraquat during early embryonic development in the toad Chaunus arenarum, as well as to get insights into the defense response elicited by amphibian embryos. The approa...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - November 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mussi MA, Calcaterra NB Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Vitellogenesis and other physiological responses induced by 17-beta-estradiol in males of freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effects of different doses of 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) in Rhamdia quelen. Groups of males exposed to different doses of E(2) (0.1mg kg(-1), 1mg. kg(-1) and 10mg. kg(-1)) were compared with non-exposed male and female fish groups. Among the considered biomarkers, no significant differences were observed for micronuclei test, reduced glutathione concentration and lipid peroxidation. All E(2)-treated individuals had decreased glutathione S-transferase activity. Increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, increased vitellogenin expression and decreased metallothionein concentration were ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - November 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Moura Costa DD, Filipak Neto F, Costa MD, Morais RN, Garcia JR, Esquivel BM, Oliveira Ribeiro CA Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Survival, osmoregulation and ammonia-N excretion of blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles exposed to different ammonia-N and salinity combinations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ammonia-N toxicity to early Portunus pelagicus juveniles at different salinities was investigated along with changes to haemolymph osmolality, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and ammonia-N levels, ammonia-N excretion and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. Experimental crabs were acclimated to salinities 15, 30 and 45 per thousand for one week and 25 replicate crabs were subsequently exposed to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120mgL(-1) ammonia-N for 96-h, respectively. High ammonia-N concentrations were used to determine LC(50) values while physiological measurements were conducted at lower concentrations. When crabs were exposed to ammo...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Romano N, Zeng C Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to investigate the effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens, 128 six-week-old broiler chickens were kept in a controlled-environment chamber. The broiler chickens were initially kept at 25 degrees C (Relative humidity, RH, 70+/-5%) for 6d and subsequently exposed to 35 degrees C (RH, 70+/-5%) for 3h, then the heat stress was removed and the temperature returned to 25 degrees C (RH, 70+/-5%). Blood and liver samples were obtained before heat exposure and at 0...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yang L, Tan GY, Fu YQ, Feng JH, Zhang MH Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Copper accumulation and oxidative stress in the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, after waterborne copper exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Copper is a common marine pollutant yet its effects on symbiotic cnidarians is largely understudied. To further understand the impact of elevated copper concentrations on marine symbiotic organisms, toxicity tests were conducted using the model sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, with and without its zooxanthellae symbiont. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. pallida were exposed to sublethal copper concentrations (0, 5, 15, and 50microg/L) for 7d and copper accumulation, behavior, and the activity of the oxidative stress enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Additionally, acute 96-h toxicity test...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Main WP, Ross C, Bielmyer GK Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Gene expression analysis of the ABC efflux transporters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we examined gene expression of a series of ABC efflux transporters in various rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues. Based on their reported toxicological relevance, we have used quantitative real time PCR SYBR green quantification methodology, with combination of absolute and relative approach, to quantify RNA expression of eight ABC transporters from three different families: abcb1 and abcb11, abcc1-5 and abcg2. Level of mRNA transcripts was measured in seven tissues: liver, brain, gonads, kidney, gills, proximal intestine and distal intestine, and the obtained expression profiles were compared with d...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lončar J, Popović M, Zaja R, Smital T Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

CBP turns fifty.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19878738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP)
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mommsen TP, Nilsson GE, Walsh PJ Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Endosulfan in vitro toxicity in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes obtained from fish fed either fish oil or vegetable oil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The composition of the feed may alter the cellular composition of an organism and thus has the potential to influence a xenobiotic response. The main aim of this study was to see if the fatty acid composition of primary hepatocytes isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) obtained from fish fed either a fish oil or a vegetable oil based diet, influenced the response to endosulfan exposure in vitro. The primary cultures were exposed to six different concentrations of endosulfan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100microM) for 48h. Cell morphology as well as a molecular toolbox of 16 genes encoding stress responsive and...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Krøvel AV, Søfteland L, Torstensen BE, Olsvik PA Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Responses to cadmium intoxication in the liver of the wall lizard Podarcis sicula.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, in the wall lizard cadmium is toxic to the liver even at very low concentrations, the response is not strictly dose and time dependent and almost no recovery occurs in short (30days) time periods. PMID: 19861172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP)
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 24, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Simoniello P, Filosa S, Riggio M, Scudiero R, Tammaro S, Trinchella F, Motta CM Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Thioredoxin and HSP90alpha modulate ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling in stressed hepatocytes of Mugil cephalus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Induction of antioxidant proteins like thioredoxin (Trx) and heat shock protein 90alpha (HSP90alpha) is a crucial step in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Here, we report the impact of environmental stress on Trx and HSP90alpha expressions in freshly isolated hepatocytes of Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Test; Ennore) or uncontaminated (Control; Kovalam) estuary. Modulation in the activities of signal transduction molecules like apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) were also investigated to understand their functional role under natural stre...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 24, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Padmini E, Rani MU Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Exposure of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, to gold nanoparticles and the pro-oxidant menadione.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Relatively little is known about how gold nanoparticles (GNP) might interact in vivo with marine organisms. Mytilus edulis was exposed (24h) to ~15nm GNP, menadione and both compounds simultaneously (GNP/menadione). GNP was detected by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy mainly in digestive gland of samples exposed to GNP though not GNP/menadione, perhaps due to impaired feeding. Thioredoxin reductase activity and malondialdehyde levels were determined in all tissues. Thioredoxin reductase inhibition was detected only in digestive gland exposed to menadione whilst malondialdehyde levels did not var...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 15, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tedesco S, Doyle H, Blasco J, Redmond G, Sheehan D Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) androgen receptor: Sequence homology and up-regulation by the fungicide vinclozolin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrate the evolutionary conservation between the genomic structure of the human and zebrafish ar genes and find that ar mRNA expression increases in zebrafish embryos exposed to vinclozolin, which may be evolutionarily conserved as well. At 48 and 72 hours post-fertilization, vinclozolin-treated embryos express ar mRNA 8-fold higher than the control level. These findings suggest that zebrafish embryos attempt to compensate for the presence of an anti-androgen by increasing the number of androgen receptors available. PMID: 19818413 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative biochemis...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - October 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Smolinsky AN, Doughman JM, Kratzke LT, Lassiter CS Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

The identification of apolipoprotein genes in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) and their expression following perfluorooctanoic acid exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Apolipoproteins play important roles in lipid transport and uptake in vertebrates, and they are associated with pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. However, the diverse apolipoproteins in individual fi sh species have not been extensively characterized. Partial cDNA sequences encoding ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoM, ApoL, and ApoO, and full-length cDNA sequences encoding ApoA-I were cloned from rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Sequence analysis showed that these genes, as well as fragments of other known of apolipoprotein genes (ApoC-I, ApoC-II, ApoB) of rare minnow had a high similarity (91-96%) to their orthologues in...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fang X, Wei Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Dai J Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress parameters in tissues of mud crab (Scylla serrata) with reference to changing salinity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of salinity (10, 17 and 35ppt) on O(2) consumption, CO(2) release and NH(3) excretion by crabs and oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defenses of its tissues were reported. Increase in salinity caused decrease in O(2) consumption and CO(2) release and increase in ammonia excretion by crabs. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, H(2)O(2) levels and total antioxidant capacity of the tissues elevated significantly at 35ppt. salinity except in abdominal muscle where H(2)O(2) content was low. Ascorbic acid content of tissues was high at 17ppt salinity than 10 and 35ppt salinity. With increasing salinity...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Paital B, Chainy GB Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Modulation of antioxidant defence system in brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after chronic carbamazepine treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the effect of long-term exposure to CBZ on the antioxidant system in brain tissue of rainbow trout. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of CBZ (1.0mug/L, 0.2mg/L or 2.0mg/L) for 7, 21, and 42days. Oxidative stress indices (LPO and CP) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GR) in fish brain were measured. In addition, non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) was determined after 42days exposure. Carbamazepine exposure at 0.2mg/L led to significant increases (p<0.05) of LPO and CP after 42days and, at 2.0mg/L, after 21days. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx in ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 20, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li ZH, Zlabek V, Velisek J, Grabic R, Machova J, Randak T Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Isolation and characterization of the thrombin-like enzyme from Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus venom.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A thrombin-like enzyme, purpurase, was purified from the Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus (mangrove pit viper) venom using high performance ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified sample (termed purpurase) yielded a homogeneous band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 35,000. The N-terminal sequence of purpurase was determined to be VVGGDECNINDHRSLVRIF and is homologous to many other venom thrombin-like enzymes. Purpurase exhibits both arginine ester hydrolase and amidase activities. Kinetic studies using tripeptide chromogenic anilide substrates showed that purpuras...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 17, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tan NH Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Identification of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 induced in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we identified mitochondrial P450s with a monoclonal antibody against scup (Stenotomus chrysops) CYP1A in the isolated mitochondrial fraction of liver from adult male mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) livers. The size of the protein in the mitochondria was the similar to that of microsomal CYP1A. Fish dosed with 10mg/kg BaP had increased EROD activity in the mitochondrial fraction compared to controls. In mummichog larvae dosed with 100microg/L BaP and 100microg/L benzo[k]fluoranthene, CYP1A protein levels as well as enzyme activity were elevated. However, fish from a PAH-polluted Superfund site (Elizabeth Ri...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jung D, Di Giulio RT Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Differential expression of genes encoding preprobrevinin-2, prepropalustrin-2, and preproranatuerin-2 in developing larvae and adult tissues of the mountain brown frog Rana ornativentris.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies led to the isolation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the brevinin-2, palustrin-2, and ranatuerin-2 families from skin extracts and/or skin secretions of the Japanese mountain brown frog, Rana ornativentris. In the present study, we cloned cDNAs encoding the precursors of brevinin-2Oc, palustrin-2Oa, and ranatuerin-2Ob and -2Oe from skin total RNA preparetions from adult R. ornantiventris and established a semi-quantitative RT-PCR system to measure the concentrations of these mRNAs. The levels of preprobrevinin-2 and preproranatuerin-2mRNAs in the skin specimens of developing R. ornativentris larva ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 11, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ohnuma A, Conlon JM, Iwamuro S Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Activities against hemostatic proteins and adrenal gland ultrastructural changes caused by the brown widow spider Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae) venom.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brown widow spider (BrWS) (Latrodectus geometricus) venom produces intense systemic reactions such as cramps, harsh muscle nociceptive, nauseas, vomiting and hypertension. The proposed pathogenic mechanisms resulting in these accidents have principally been damages occuring at the nervous system. However, it is suspected that there is also damage of the adrenal glands, as a result of the experimental animal's clinical manifestations, which developed symptoms compatible with acute adrenal insufficiency. We have currently found that the adrenal gland is damaged by this venom gland homogenates (VGH) producing severe alter...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 11, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Guerrero B, Finol HJ, Reyes-Lugo M, Salazar AM, Sánchez EE, Estrella A, Roschman-González A, Ibarra C, Salvi I, Rodríguez-Acosta A Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

A thioredoxin response to the WSSV challenge on the Chinese white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thioredoxin (TRX) is involved in cell redox homeostasis. In addition, it is responsible for maintaining proteins in their reduced state. In our study, a Fenneropenaeus chinensis thioredoxin (FcTRX) gene was identified from the Chinese white shrimp. The full length of FcTRX was 777 bp, including a 60 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 318 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 105 amino acids protein, and a 399 bp 3' UTR. FcTRX contained a TRX domain with a conserved motif of Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys (CGPC). No signal peptide was predicted by SMART analysis. The molecular mass and pI of FcTRX were 12 kDa and 4.62, respectively. ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 9, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ren Q, Zhang RR, Zhao XF, Wang JX Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Complete amino acid sequence of three reptile lysozymes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To study the structure and function of reptile lysozymes, we have reported their purification, and in this study we have established the amino acid sequence of three egg white lysozymes in soft-shelled turtle eggs (SSTL A and SSTL B from Trionyx sinensis, ASTL from Amyda cartilaginea) by using the rapid peptide mapping method. The established amino acid sequence of SSTL A, SSTL B, and ASTL showed substitutions of 43, 42, and 44 residues respectively when compared with the HEWL (hen egg white lysozyme) sequence. In these reptile lysozymes, SSTL A had one substitution compared with SSTL B (Gly126Asp) and had an N-termina...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ponkham P, Daduang S, Kitimasak W, Krittanai C, Chokchaichamnankit D, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Kawamura S, Araki T, Thammasirirak S Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Biological and biochemical characterization of two new PLA(2) isoforms Cdc-9 and Cdc-10 from Crotalus durissus cumanensis snake venom.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work reports the purification, biological characterization and amino acid sequence of two new basic PLA(2) isoforms, Cdc-9 and Cdc-10, purified from the Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom by one step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC. The molecular masses of the PLA(2) were 14,175+/-2.7 Da for Cdc-9 and 14,228+/-3.5 Da for Cdc-10 both deduced by primary structure and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. The isoforms presented an amino acid sequence of 122 amino acid residues, being Cdc-9: SLVQFNKMIK FETRKSGLPF YAAYGCYCGW GGQRPKDATD RCCFVHDCCY GKVAKCNTKW DIYSYSLKSG YITCGKGTWC KEQICECDRV AAECLRRSLS TYKNEYMFYP DSRCREPP...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Romero-Vargas FF, Ponce-Soto LA, Martins-de-Souza D, Marangoni S Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Expression profiles of seven glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in cadmium-exposed river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report cloning and expression of seven genes of the GST family of the pufferfish Takifugu obscurus together with mRNA tissue distribution pattern and time-course of expression in response to exposure to cadmium. At basal levels of tissue expression, GST-Mu is highly expressed in liver compared with other tissues. When fish were exposed to cadmium (5mg/L for 96h), expression of GST-MAPEG, GST-Mu, GST-Omega, and GST-Zeta was greatly increased, whereas GST-Alpha and GST-Kappa genes showed no significant response. These findings suggest that gene expression of a number of GST isoforms in T. obscurus is modula...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim JH, Dahms HU, Lee YM, Lee J, Han KN, Lee JS Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial peptides derived from goose egg white lysozyme.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Peptide fragments possessing antimicrobial activity were obtained by protease digestion of goose egg white lysozyme. Digested peptide purified from RP-HPLC which showed no lysozyme activity exhibited bactericidal activity toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LC/MS-MS and automated Edman degradation revealed the amino acid sequence to be Thr-Ala-Lys-Pro-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Tyr. This sequence corresponds to amino acid positions 20-28, located at the N-terminal outer part of goose lysozyme. The peptide acted on bacterial membrane as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of action could be explained ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - September 4, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Thammasirirak S, Pukcothanung Y, Preecharam S, Daduang S, Patramanon R, Fukamizo T, Araki T Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Oxygen consumption, ventilation frequency and cytochrome c oxidase activity in blue cod (Parapercis colias) exposed to hydrogen sulphide or isoeugenol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) and isoeugenol exposure on activity, oxygen consumption (VO(2)), ventilation frequency (Vf) and cytochrome c oxidase activity in a teleost fish are reported. In H(2)S (200muM Na(2)S) exposed animals VO(2) and Vf decreased significantly (both to 40% of resting) after 30min, concurrent with a loss of equilibrium and narcosis. Post-flushing, VO(2) increased to resting values, but Vf remained depressed (P<0.05) until 30min of recovery. Subsequently, equilibrium and mobility were regained accompanied by increases in VO(2) (66%) and Vf (15%) between 60-70min of recovery. Isoeugenol...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Forgan LG, Forster ME Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Changes in gene expression profile of medaka with acute toxicity of Arochlor 1260, a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Differential gene expression profiling was performed with a cDNA microarray in the liver tissue of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, after exposure to Arochlor 1260, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, which is used as a coolant and insulating fluid for transformers and capacitors and is classified as a persistent organic pollutant. Twenty-six differentially expressed candidate genes were identified. The expression of 12 genes was up-regulated and that of 14 genes was down-regulated. These genes are associated with the cytoskeleton, development, endocrine/reproduction, immunity, metabolism, nucleic acid/protein b...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 21, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yum S, Woo S, Kagami Y, Park HS, Ryu JC Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Branchial ammonia excretion in the Asian weatherloach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The weatherloach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, is a freshwater, facultative air-breathing fish that lives in streams and rice paddy fields, where it may experience drought and/or high environmental ammonia (HEA) conditions. The aim of this study was to determine what roles branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, H(+)-ATPase, and Rhcg have in ammonia tolerance and how the weatherloach copes with ammonia loading conditions. The loach's high ammonia tolerance was confirmed as was evident from its high 96 h LC(50) value and high tissue tolerance to ammonia. The weatherloach does not appear to make use of Na(+)/NH(4)(+)-ATPase facilita...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 20, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Moreira-Silva J, Tsui TK, Coimbra J, Vijayan MM, Ip YK, Wilson JM Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Furthering pharmacological and physiological assessment of the glutamatergic receptors at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aids in furthering the pharmokinetic profiling and specificity of the receptor subtypes. PMID: 19695344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP)
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee JY, Bhatt D, Bhatt D, Chung WY, Cooper RL Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Differential gene expression profiles in embryos of the lizard Podarcis sicula under in ovo exposure to cadmium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Screening for differentially expressed genes is a straightforward approach to study the molecular basis of contaminants toxicity. In this paper, the mRNA differential display technique was applied to analyze transcriptional regulation in response to cadmium exposure in the lizard embryos. Lizard eggs may be particularly susceptible to soil contamination and in ovo exposure may interfere or disrupt normal physiological function in the developing embryo, including regulation of gene expression. Fertilized eggs of the lizard Podarcis sicula were incubated in cadmium-contaminated soil at 25 degrees C for 20days. Gene expre...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Trinchella F, Cannetiello M, Simoniello P, Filosa S, Scudiero R Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

A new model for predicting time course toxicity of heavy metals based on Biotic Ligand Model (BLM).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, BLM is extended to predict time dependency of heavy metal toxicity by connecting with concept of primary reaction. The model developed in this study also generates the estimation of the 50% effects concentration (EC(50)) for toxicologically unknown organisms and heavy metals. Two toxicological and kinetics constants, f(50,0) and k, were derived for are the initial value of f(50) (f(50,0)) and a time constant (k) independent of time. The model developed in this study enables us to acquire to information on toxicity of heavy metal such as Cu, Cd and Co easily. PMID: 19689929 [PubMed - as supplied by publis...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 14, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hatano A, Shoji R Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Novel omega glutathione S-transferases in disk abalone: Characterization and protective roles against environmental stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Omega glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a newly identified class of GSTs with unique properties compared to other members in GST superfamily. This present study reports the cloning, characterization and stress-induced expression analysis of two omega GST genes in disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus. Two disk abalone omega GST genes, HdGSTO1 and HdGSTO2, encode two polypeptides with calculated molecular mass of 27.4 and 26.9 kDa, respectively. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed highest similarity with another molluscan omega GST from Crassostrea gigas. Three dimensional structures of two omega GSTs were gene...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 14, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wan Q, Whang I, Lee JS, Lee J Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Profiles of fatty acids and 7-O-acyl okadaic acid esters in bivalves: Can bacteria be involved in acyl esterification of okadaic acid?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The presence of 7-O-acyl okadaic acid (OA) esters was studied by LC-MS in the digestive glands of blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) from Albufeira lagoon, located 20 Km south of Lisbon. The profile of free and total fatty acids (FA) was analysed using a similar LC separation with a reversed phase C8 column and mass spectrometry detection. In mussel the free FA profile was reflected in the FA esterified to OA, being palmitic acid for instance the most abundant in both cases. In cockle, 7-O-acyl esters with palmitic acid were almost absent and esters with a C16:0 isomer were d...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Vale P Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Seasonal and organ variations in antioxidant capacity, detoxifying competence and oxidative damage in freshwater and estuarine fishes from Southern Brazil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study analyzed biochemical biomarkers of freshwater and estuarine fish species from Southern Brazil. It was analyzed three organs (muscle, liver and gills), in four fish species (Micropogonias furnieri, Pimelodus pintado, Loricariichthys anus and Parapimelodus nigribarbis) in order to perform an environmental diagnosis. Obtained results showed that liver of L. anus and gills of M. furnieri presented higher total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals during fall, whereas a clear seasonality was found for gill reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of all studied species, with higher concentration during spring. In te...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Da Rocha AM, Salomão de Freitas DP, Burns M, Vieira JP, de la Torre FR, Monserrat JM Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Antioxidant enzymatic defenses and oxidative damage in Dentex dentex fed on different dietary macronutrient levels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A wide range of antioxidant mechanisms are present in fish maintaining an adequate "oxidative balance". When this balance tilts in favor of the oxidant agents "oxidative stress" arises with detrimental effects in molecules of great biological importance. Little has been reported about the influence of different dietary energy sources on antioxidant defenses in fish. The influence of different dietary macronutrient combinations on the key antioxidant enzyme activity, the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and the possible modifications in the SOD isoenzymatic pattern were evaluated in liver, white muscle, heart and...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - August 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pérez-Jiménez A, Hidalgo MC, Morales AE, Arizcun M, Abellán E, Cardenete G Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Effects of allopurinol on uric acid concentrations, xanthine oxidoreductase activity and oxidative stress in broiler chickens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of allopurinol (AL) on xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and uric acid (UA) levels in chickens. Thirty 5-week-old broilers were divided into three groups and fed 0 (control), 25 (AL25) or 50 (AL50) mg AL per kg of body mass for 5 weeks. Chicks were weighed twice weekly and leukocyte oxidative activity (LOA) and plasma purines levels were determined weekly in five birds per group. Chicks were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks, and samples from tissues were taken for analysis of XOR activity. Plasma UA concentrations were lower (P<0.001) and xanthine and hypoxant...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Carro MD, Falkenstein E, Radke WJ, Klandorf H Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Carboxylesterase activity in earthworm gut contents: Potential (eco)toxicological implications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Carboxylesterases (CbEs) are key enzymes in pesticide detoxification. These esterases are involved in the biochemical mechanism for pesticide resistance in some pest species, and further they are considered an efficient protective mechanism against acute toxicity by organophosphate (OP) pesticides in mammals. To gain knowledge on the role of CbEs in pesticide toxicity and natural tolerance in earthworms, we performed an enzyme kinetic analysis to investigate whether these annelids are able to secrete them into their gut lumen. We determined levels of CbE activity and isozyme abundance in the gut wall and ingested soil ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Mazzia C, Capowiez Y, Rault M Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Dietary copper effects in the estuarine crab, Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata, maintained at two different salinities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We analyzed the dietary copper effects in the estuarine crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata and its interaction with water salinity. Crabs were maintained at 2 per thousand and 30 per thousand salinity for 5 weeks and they were fed with commercial food supplemented with the green alga Scenedesmus vacuolatus previously exposed to copper. No mortalities were observed, but crabs maintained at 2 per thousand salinity accumulated on average 40 % more copper compared to animals maintained at 30 per thousand salinity. At 2 per thousand salinity, SOD activity and GSH levels were increased at the first and second weeks, re...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sabatini SE, Chaufan G, Juárez AB, Coalova I, Bianchi L, Eppis MR, Ríos de Molina MD Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Ethanol disrupts chondrification of the neurocranial cartilages in medaka embryos without affecting aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 (Aldh1A2 ) promoter methylation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos at different developmental stages were exposed to ethanol for 48 h, then allowed to hatch. Teratogenic effects were evaluated in hatchlings after examining chondrocranial cartilage deformities. Ethanol disrupted cartilage development in medaka in a dose and developmental stage-specific manner. Compared to controls, the linear length of the neurocranium and other cartilages were reduced in ethanol-treated groups. Moreover, the chondrification in cartilages, specifically trabeculae and polar cartilages, were inhibited by ethanol. To understand the mechanism of ethanol teratogenesis, NAD(+...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hu Y, Willett KL, Khan IA, Scheffler BE, Dasmahapatra AK Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Glutathione S-transferase as a biomarker in the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica after exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular detoxification that catalyze the attachment of electrophilic substrates to glutathione. Two classes of GSTs related to the rho and sigma classes of enzymes in Antarctic bivalves have been cloned from Laternula elliptica. The full-length cDNA of rho class GST (leGSTr) is 1530bp in length and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 672bp encoding 223 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequences of this gene has 41% and 40% identity to rho class GSTs from Ctenopharyngodon idella and Pleuronectes platessa, respectively. ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park H, Ahn IY, Kim H, Lee J, Shin SC Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Antioxidants and oxidative stress in Helix pomatia snails during estivation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, permanent maintenance of relatively high activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the high concentration of GSH in H.pomatia snails indicate that they have well-developed strategy of defence against oxidative injury. PMID: 19632354 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP)
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 22, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nowakowska A, Swiderska-Kołacz G, Rogalska J, Caputa M Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in human and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we compared the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of a metal pollutant, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which has been shown to cause damage in lung cells from both humans and North Atlantic right whales. Our results show that Cr induces increased cell death and chromosome damage in lung cells from both species with increasing intracellular Cr ion levels. Soluble Cr(VI) induced less of a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on administered dose in right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) cells than in human (Homo sapiens) cells. Whereas, particulate Cr(VI) induced a similar cytotoxic effect but less of a genotoxic effect bas...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 22, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chen TL, Wise SS, Holmes A, Shaffiey F, Wise JP, Thompson WD, Kraus S, Wise JP Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Effects of L-Arginine Supplementation on Glucose and Nitric oxide (NO) Levels and Activity of NO Synthase in Corticosterone-challenged Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of L-arginine (ARG) on the disposal of glucose in stressed-broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). In all the three experiments, the broiler chickens were randomly subjected to one of the four treatments at the beginning of the experiments: oral administration of saline, glucose (2.0g/kg body weight, BW), L-arginine (0.5g /kg BW) or mixed solution (2.0g glucose + 0.5g arginine / kg BW). Immediately after the oral treatment, the experimental chickens were subcutaneously injected with corn oil (Experiment 1), cor...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhao JP, Jiao HC, Song ZG, Lin H Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Identification of two hsp90 genes from the marine crab, Portunus trituberculatus and their specific expression profiles under different environmental conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hsp90, a molecular chaperone, was generally thought to be a unique cytoplasmic form in invertebrates, playing important roles in multiple cellular stress responses. Now, two cytoplasmic Hsp90 cDNAs (ptHSP90-1 and ptHSP90-2 genes) were isolated from an invertebrate - crab Portunus trituberculatus. Main features, sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis with other species were described. Expression profiles in tissues and under stressful conditions were analyzed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. ptHSP90-1 and ptHSP90-2 were constitutively expressed with higher transcript levels in ovary and muscle, respectively...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang XY, Zhang MZ, Zheng CJ, Liu J, Hu HJ Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

In vivo modulation of immune response and antioxidant defense in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua following oral administration of oxolinic acid and florfenicol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxolinic acid and florfenicol are the commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. The changes in selected innate humoral immune response of the fish, bacterial proliferation in serum and transcriptional activity of selected immune- and antioxidant defense-related genes following oral administration of these antimicrobial compounds were evaluated. Juvenile cod (75-100g) were fed commercial feed coated with either florfenicol (10mg kg(-1) fish, active ingredient) or oxolinic acid (20mg kg(-1) fish, active ingredient) at a ration of 0.5% body weight for 10 days. Whole b...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 9, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Caipang CM, Lazado CC, Brinchmann MF, Berg I, Kiron V Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Molecular cloning and characterization of an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transmembrane transporter from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ATP binding cassette transmembrane transporters (ABC transporters) have a potential role in drug and xenobiotic resistance. Here, we report for the first time the cloning of an ABC transporter from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (designated LvABCG), along with a study of its phylogenetic relationships, and measurements of its expression in different shrimp tissues exposed to cadmium and pH stress (acidic and alkaline conditions). Sequence analysis showed that LvABCG shares many similarities with the white/ABC transmembrane transporter, including two conserved regions: a highly conserved ATP binding cassette (ABC) an...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhou J, He WY, Wang WN, Yang CW, Wang L, Xinl Y, Wu J, Cai DX, Liu Y, Wang AL Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

The interactions of iron with other divalent metals in the intestinal tract of a freshwater teleost, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the concentration-dependent interactive effects of four essential (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+)) and two non-essential (Pb(2+) and Cd(2+)) divalent metals on intestinal iron (Fe(2+)) absorption in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using an in vitro gut sac technique. All of the divalent metals except cobalt inhibited the intestinal Fe(2+) absorption in fish, and the magnitude of inhibition followed the order of: Ni(2+)~Pb(2+)>Cd(2+)~Cu(2+)>Zn(2+). The mucosal epithelium of the intestine was found to be the most sensitive to inhibition relative to the mucus or blood compartment, sugg...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - July 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kwong RW, Niyogi S Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Typical and atypical antipsychotics alter acetylcholinesterase activity and ache expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Antipsychotic agents are widely used for the treatment of psychotic symptoms in patients with several brain disorders. Antipsychotic drugs principally affect dopamine systems with the newer ones also affecting serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine systems. Other transmitter systems can be involved with selected antipsychotic drugs but effects on cholinergic system are less known. Considerable evidence has shown that complex interactions between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems are critical for the proper regulation of motor control and memory. These neurotransmitter systems have been studied in zebrafish, which ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Seibt KJ, Oliveira Rda L, Rico EP, Dias RD, Bogo MR, Bonan CD Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Cloning and expression of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) liver cytochrome P450 reductase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cloning, expression and characterization of hepatic NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is described. Two 2059 bp koala liver CPR cDNAs, designated CPR1 and CPR2, were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The koala CPR cDNAs encode proteins of 678 amino acids and share 85% amino acid sequence identity to human CPR. Transfection of the koala CPR cDNAs into Cos-7 cells resulted in the expression of proteins, which were recognized by a goat-antihuman CPR antibody. The koala CPR1 and 2 cDNA-expressed enzymes catalysed cytoc...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kong S, Ngo SN, McKinnon RA, Stupans I Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Progestogens cause immunosuppression of stimulated carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leukocytes in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The involvement of steroid hormones in direct and indirect regulation and modulation of immune responses is well recognized in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that progestogens are capable of influencing the innate immunity in fish as well. Therefore, we confirmed the known immunosuppressive effects of natural progesterone (P4), and compared them to influences of 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy progesterone (DHP4) and the synthetic progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LEV), on NO release by in vitro-stimulated carp leukocytes derived from both, head and trunk kidney, respectively. DHP4 known as the ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pietsch C, Neumann N, Knopf K, Wuertz S, Kloas W Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: journals