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Reporting Iraqi civilian fatalities in a time of warEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This difference in reporting trends may partly explain the discrepancy in how well people are informed about U.S. and Iraqi civilian fatalities in Iraq. Furthermore, this calls into question the role of the media in reporting and sustaining armed conflict, and the extent to which newspaper and other media reports can be used as data to assess fatalities or trends in the time of war. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - November 6, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Schuyler HendersonWilliam OlanderLes Roberts Source Type: journals

Learning lessons from field surveys in humanitarian contexts: a case study of field surveys conducted in North Kivu, DRC 2006-2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Survey estimates of mortality and malnutrition are commonly used to guide humanitarian decision-making. Currently, different methods of conducting field surveys are the subject of debate among epidemiologists. Beyond the technical arguments, decision makers may find it difficult to conceptualize what the estimates actually mean. For instance, what makes this particular situation an emergency? And how should the operational response be adapted accordingly. This brings into question not only the quality of the survey methodology, but also the difficulties epidemiologists face in interpreting results and selecting the most im...
Source: Conflict and Health - September 9, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Rebecca GraisFrancisco LuqueroEmmanuel GrelletyHeloise PhamBenjamin CoghlanPierre Salignon Source Type: journals

Trauma, poverty and mental health among Somali and Rwandese refugees living in an African refugee settlement - an epidemiological studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Mental health consequences of conflict remain long after the events are over, and therefore mental health intervention is as urgent for post-conflict migrant populations as physical health and other emergency interventions. A mental health outreach program was initiated based on this study. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - May 26, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Lamaro OnyutFrank NeunerVerena ErtlElisabeth SchauerMichael OdenwaldThomas Elbert Source Type: journals

Impact of the Kenya post-election crisis on clinic attendance and medication adherence for HIV-infected children in western KenyaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Kenya experienced a political and humanitarian crisis following presidential elections on 27 December 2007. Over 1,200 people were killed and 300,000 displaced, with disproportionate violence in western Kenya. We sought to describe the immediate impact of this conflict on return to clinic and medication adherence for HIV-infected children cared for within the USAID-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) in western Kenya. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis that included a retrospective cohort analysis, as well as key informant interviews with pediatric healthcare providers. Eligible p...
Source: Conflict and Health - April 4, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Rachel C Vreeman, Winstone M Nyandiko, Edwin Sang, Beverly S Musick, Paula Braitstein and Sarah E Wiehe Source Type: journals

Mortality, violence and access to care in two districts of Port-au-Prince, HaitiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Towards the end of 2006 open conflict broke out between United Nations forces and armed militia in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Fighting was most intense in the district of Cité Soleil. Methods: A cross-sectional, random-sample survey among the conflict-affected populations living in Cité Soleil and Martissant was carried out over a 4-week period in 2006 using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess exposure to violence and access to health care. Household heads from 945 households (corresponding to 4,763 people) in Cité Soleil and 1,800 household (9,539 people) in Martissant provided information on household me...
Source: Conflict and Health - March 24, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Frédérique Ponsar, Nathan Ford, Michel Van Herp, Silvia Mancini and Catherine Bachy Source Type: journals

Mortality, violence and access to care in 2 districts of Port-au-Prince, HaitiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Towards the end of 2006 open conflict broke out between United Nations forces and armed militia in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Fighting was most intense in the district of Cite Soleil. Methods: A cross-sectional, random-sample survey among the conflict-affected populations living in Cite Soleil and Martissant was carried out over a 4-week period in 2006 using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess exposure to violence and access to health care. Household heads from 945 households (corresponding to 4763 people) in Cite Soleil and 1,800 household (9,539 people) in Martissant provided information on household member...
Source: Conflict and Health - March 24, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Frederique Ponsar, Nathan Ford, Michel van Herp, Silvia Mancini and Catherine Bachy Source Type: journals

Sexual violence in the protracted conflict of DRC: Programming for rape survivors in South KivuEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We have documented that in the DRC conflict sexual violence has been - and continues to be - highly prevalent in a wide area in the East of the country. Humanitarian programming in this field is challenging due to the multiple needs of rape survivors. The easily accessible, integrated medical and psycho-social care that the programme offered apparently responded to the needs of many rape survivors in this area. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - March 15, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Birthe Steiner, Marie T Benner, Egbert Sondorp, K. PETER Schmitz, Ursula Mesmer and Sandrine Rosenberger Source Type: journals

Coming together to document mortality in conflict situations: proceedings of a symposiumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on the presentations and discussions here. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - February 25, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ruwan Ratnayake, Olivier Degomme and Debarati Guha-Sapir Source Type: journals

Providing HIV care in the aftermath of Kenya's post-election violence Medecins Sans Frontieres' lessons learned January – March 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Kenya's post-election violence in early 2008 created considerable problems for health services, and in particular, those providing HIV care. It was feared that the disruptions in services would lead to widespread treatment interruption. MSF had been working in the Kibera slum for 10 years and was providing antiretroviral therapy to 1800 patients when the violence broke out. MSF responded to the crisis in a number of ways and managed to keep HIV services going. Treatment interruption was less than expected, and MSF profited from a number of "lessons learned" that could be applied to similar contexts where a stable situation...
Source: Conflict and Health - December 4, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Tony Reid, Ian van Engelgem, Barbara Telfer and Marcel Manzi Source Type: journals

Reproductive health services for refugees by refugees in Guinea I: family planningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This refugee self-help model appeared largely effective and could be considered for reproductive health needs in similar settings. Having any formal education appeared a major determinant of FP knowledge for men, while this was less noticeable for women. Thus, FP communication strategies for refugees should consider gender-specific messages and channels. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - October 16, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Natasha Howard, Sarah Kollie, Yaya Souare, Anna von Roenne, David Blankhart, Claire Newey, Mark I Chen and Matthias Borchert Source Type: journals

Conflict in the Indian Kashmir Valley I: exposure to violenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The civilian population in Kashmir is exposed to high levels of violence, as demonstrated by the high frequency of deliberate events as detention, hostage, and torture. The reported violence may result in substantial health, including mental health problems. Males reported significantly more confrontations with almost all violent events; this can be explained by higher participation in outdoor activities. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - October 14, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Kaz de Jong, Nathan Ford, Saskia van de Kam, Kamalini Lokuge, Silke Fromm, Renate van Galen, Brigg Reilley and Rolf Kleber Source Type: journals

Conflict in the Indian Kashmir Valley II: psychosocial impactEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The ongoing conflict exacts a huge toll on the communities' mental well-being. We found high levels of psychological distress that impacts on daily life and places a burden on the health system. Ongoing feelings of personal vulnerability (not feeling safe) were associated with high levels of psychological distress. Community mental health programmes should be considered as a way reduce the pressure on the health system and improve socio-economic functioning of those suffering from mental health problems. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - October 14, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Kaz de Jong, Saskia van der Kam, Nathan Ford, Kamalini Lokuge, Silke Fromm, Renate van Galen, Brigg Reilley and Rolf Kleber Source Type: journals

Users' guides to the medical literature: how to use an article about mortality in a humanitarian emergencyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The accurate interpretation of mortality surveys in humanitarian crises is useful for both public health responses and security responses. Recent examples suggest that few medical personnel and researchers can accurately interpret the validity of a mortality survey in these settings. Using an example of a mortality survey from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we demonstrate important methodological considerations that readers should keep in mind when reading a mortality survey to determine the validity of the study and the applicability of the findings to their settings. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - September 30, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Edward J MIlls, Francesco Checchi, James J Orbinski, Michael J Schull, Frederick M Burkle Jr, Chris Beyrer, Curtis Cooper, Colleen Hardy, Sonal Singh, Richard Garfield, Bradley A Woodruff and Gordon H Guyatt Source Type: journals

HIV transmission as a result of drug market violence: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on a case of HIV transmission attributable to illicit drug market violence involving a participant in a prospective cohort study of injection drug users. Data from a qualitative interview was used in addition to questionnaire data and nursing records to document an episode of violence which likely resulted in this individual acquiring HIV infection. The case report demonstrates that the dangers of drug market violence go beyond the immediate physical trauma associated with violent altercations to include the possibility for infectious disease transmission. The case highlights the need to consider antiretroviral p...
Source: Conflict and Health - July 18, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Will Small, Thomas Kerr and Evan Wood Source Type: journals

Patients' opinion on the barriers to diabetes control in areas of conflicts: The Iraqi exampleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our patients with diabetes mellitus declared that of the causes for poor glycemic control most of them related to the current health situation in Iraq. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - June 24, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Abbas Ali Mansour Source Type: journals

Patient's opinion on the barriers to diabetes control in areas of conflicts . The Iraqi example.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our patients with diabetes mellitus declared that of the causes for poor glycemic control most of them related to the current health situation in Iraq. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - June 24, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Abbas ALI Mansour Source Type: journals

Antismoking messages and current cigarette smoking status in Somaliland: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2004Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: A combination of school and home based antismoking interventions may be effective in controlling adolescent smoking in Somaliland. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - May 23, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Seter Siziya, Emmanuel Rudatsikira and Adamson S Muula Source Type: journals

Responding to infectious diseases in Burma and her border regionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - March 14, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Chris Beyrer and Thomas J Lee Source Type: journals

Iraq War mortality estimates: A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our review indicates that, despite varying estimates, the mortality burden of the war and its sequelae on Iraq is large. The use of established epidemiological methods is rare. This review illustrates the pressing need to promote sound epidemiologic approaches to determining mortality estimates and to establish guidelines for policy-makers, the media and the public on how to interpret these estimates. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - March 7, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Christine Tapp, Frederick M Burkle, Kumanan Wilson, Tim Takaro, Gordon H Guyatt, Hani Amad and Edward J Mills Source Type: journals

Delays in childhood immunization in a conflict area: a study from Sierra Leone during civil warEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Only about half of children under three years received full age-appropriate immunization. In children born during a period of increased hostilities, immunization was mostly inappropriate for age, but recommended immunizations were not completely abandoned. Missing or delayed immunization represents an additional threat to the health of children living in conflict areas. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - December 9, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Charles Senessie, George N Gage and Erik von Elm Source Type: journals

Correlates of current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in the Kurdistan region of IraqEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: We suggest that public health interventions aimed to curb adolescent cigarette smoking should be designed, implemented and evaluated with due recognition to the factors that are associated with the habit. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - December 4, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Seter Siziya, Adamson S Muula and Emmanuel Rudatsikira Source Type: journals

Geographical information system and access to HIV testing, treatment and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in conflict affected Northern UgandaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Access to VCT, PMTCT and ART services was geographically limited due to inadequacy and heterogeneous dispersion of these services among districts and camps. GIS mapping can be effective in identifying service delivery gaps and presenting complex data into simplistic results hence can be recommended in need assessments in conflict settings. (Source: Conflict and Health)
Source: Conflict and Health - December 3, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Dick D Chamla, Olushayo Olu, Jennifer Wanyana, Nasan Natseri, Eddie Mukooyo, Sam Okware, Abdikamal Alisalad and Melville George Source Type: journals