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ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - September 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Editorial Board/Title PageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - September 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - September 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

What information is critical to elicit interference in number-form synaesthesia?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Numerous behavioural paradigms have demonstrated a close connection between numbers and space, suggesting that numbers may be represented on an internal mental number line. For example, in the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, reaction times are faster for left-sided responses to smaller numbers and for right-sided responses to larger numbers. One valuable tool for exploring such numerical–spatial interactions is the study of number-form synaesthesia, in which participants report vivid, automatic associations of numerical and other ordinal sequences with precise, idiosyncratic, spa...
Source: Cortex - August 24, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Edward M. Hubbard, Mariagrazia Ranzini, Manuela Piazza, Stanislas Dehaene Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

Index of AuthorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - August 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - August 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Editorial Board/Title PageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - August 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - August 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

The objectification of overlearned sequences: A new view of spatial sequence synesthesiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In the phenomenon of spatial sequence synesthesia (SSS), subjects can articulate explicit spatial locations for sequences such as numbers, letters, weekdays, months, years, and other overlearned series. Similarly, abstract sequences can take on implicit spatial representations in non-synesthetes, as evidenced by the spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect. An open question is whether the two findings represent different degrees of the same condition, or different conditions. To address this, we developed computer programs to quantify three-dimensional (3D) month-form coordinates in 571 self...
Source: Cortex - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: David M. Eagleman Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

A foundation for savantism? Visuo-spatial synaesthetes present with cognitive benefitsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Individuals with ‘time–space’ synaesthesia have conscious awareness of mappings between time and space (e.g., they may see months arranged in an ellipse, or years as columns or spirals). These mappings exist in the 3D space around the body or in a virtual space within the mind's eye. Our study shows that these extra-ordinary mappings derive from, or give rise to, superior abilities in the two domains linked by this cross-modal phenomenon (i.e., abilities relating to time, and visualised space). We tested ten time–space synaesthetes with a battery of temporal and visual/spatial tests. Our temporal battery ...
Source: Cortex - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Julia Simner, Neil Mayo, Mary-Jane Spiller Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

Spatial forms and mental imageryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Four studies investigated how general mental imagery might be involved in mediating the phenomenon of ‘synaesthetic’ spatial forms – i.e., the experience that sequences such as months or numbers have spatial locations. In Study 1, people with spatial forms scored higher than controls on visual imagery self-report scales. This is consistent with the suggestion that strong general imagery is at least a necessary condition to experience spatial forms. However self-reported spatial imagery did not differ between groups, suggesting either that the spatial nature of forms is mediated by special synaesthetic mecha...
Source: Cortex - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mark C. Price Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

A different outlook on time: Visual and auditory month names elicit different mental vantage points for a time-space synaestheteEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Synaesthesia is a fascinating condition whereby individuals report extraordinary experiences when presented with ordinary stimuli. Here we examined an individual (L) who experiences time units (i.e., months of the year and hours of the day) as occupying specific spatial locations (January is 30° to the left of midline). This form of time-space synaesthesia has been recently investigated by Smilek et al. (2007) who demonstrated that synaesthetic time-space associations are highly consistent, occur regardless of intention, and can direct spatial attention. We extended this work by showing that for the synaesthete...
Source: Cortex - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michelle Jarick, Mike J. Dixon, Mark T. Stewart, Emily C. Maxwell, Daniel Smilek Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

Synaesthetic visuo-spatial forms: Viewing sequences in spaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A small sub-set of the population experiences an unusual phenomenon in which sequences (such as Arabic numerals, letters of the alphabet, days, months, etc.) are visualised as occupying particular spatial arrays, and these individuals are known as visuo-spatial synaesthetes. Their visuo-spatial forms depict sequenced units (e.g., January, February, March,…) laid out in set spatial arrangements which are open for conscious inspection, and which can be highly convoluted and idiosyncratic. Many examples of these spatial arrays are given in the following special section on Synaesthetic Visuo-spatial Forms (e.g., Figs. 1–6,...
Source: Cortex - August 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Julia Simner Tags: Editorials Source Type: journals

The ups and downs (and lefts and rights) of synaesthetic number forms: Validation from spatial cueing and SNARC-type tasksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Typically, numbers are spatially represented using a mental ‘number line’ running from left to right. Individuals with number-form synaesthesia experience numbers as occupying specific spatial coordinates that are much more complex than a typical number line. Two synaesthetes (L and B) describe experiencing the numbers 1 through 10 running vertically from bottom to top, 10–20 horizontally from left to right, 21–40 from right to left, etc. We investigated whether their number forms could bias their spatial attention using a cueing paradigm and a SNARC-type task. In both experiments, the synaesthetes' respo...
Source: Cortex - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michelle Jarick, Mike J. Dixon, Emily C. Maxwell, Michael E.R. Nicholls, Daniel Smilek Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

The impact of visuo-spatial number forms on simple arithmeticEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we contrast the speeded performance of individuals with number forms versus controls on single digit multiplication, subtraction and addition. Previous research has suggested that multiplication may rely more on retrieval of verbal facts whereas subtraction relies more on online calculation using a putatively spatial ‘mental number line’. If people with number forms rely more heavily on visual-spatial strategies than verbal ones then we hypothesised that multiplication may be disproportionately affected by this strategy relative to subtraction, and this was found. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - July 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Ward, Noam Sagiv, Brian Butterworth Tags: Special Section on Synaesthesia and Visuo-spatial Forms Source Type: journals

Index of AuthorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - July 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - July 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Editorial Board/Title PageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - July 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - July 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

On tickling brains to investigate mindsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stimulating the brain by either direct or eddy electrical currents for medical and research purposes has a long history. One of the first records dates back to 43AD and is attributed to Scribonius Largus, physician of the Roman Empire, who reported the treatment of migraines and headache through application of electrical currents with the torpedo fish. In the 15th century, Paracelsus suggested that magnetic forces can promote self-healing, and in the 18th century French physician Charles Le Roy started to experiment with electricity as a means to influence psychological function. Although he did not succeed in restoring vi...
Source: Cortex - June 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elena Rusconi, Sven Bestmann Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Darwin and the ghost of Phineas Gage: Neuro-evolution and the social brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although Darwin addressed emotions and behaviour at great length in his later books (notably The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals), he gave almost no attention to the brain and its evolution. To be fair, of course, neurobiology was in its very earliest infancy in the mid-nineteenth century, so there was probably little he could usefully have said (though he did rely heavily on the work of Guillaume Duchenne, one of neurobiology's founding fathers, in the Emotions). Instead, interest in brain evolution took the better part of a century to emerge. In the m...
Source: Cortex - June 25, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robin I.M. Dunbar Tags: Editorials Source Type: journals

Set-shifting and the on-line processing of relative clauses in Parkinson's disease: Results from a novel eye-tracking methodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Past research indicates that in Parkinson's disease (PD), set-shifting deficits cause impaired comprehension of sentences containing restrictive relative clauses (RCs). Some research also suggests that verbal working memory deficits impair comprehension of long-distance (LD) dependencies in sentences with center-embedded RCs. To test whether these deficits impair comprehension by affecting on-line processing, we tracked patients' eye movements as they matched pictures with sentences with final- or center-embedded RCs (e.g., The queen was kicking the cook who was fat, The queen who was kicking the cook was thin) a...
Source: Cortex - May 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jesse Hochstadt Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Re-addressing gender bias in Cortex publicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The under-representation of women in academia has been fervently debated. The same question posed over 40 years ago () is still being asked today: are there fewer females in academia than males? Despite the abundance of females participating in undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes, research has shown that there is an imbalance in the number of males and females who hold senior academic positions. An analysis of the peer-review system of the Swedish Medical Research Council a decade ago showed that although women in Sweden were awarded 44% of PhDs in the Biomedical Sciences, females accounted for just 25% and 7%...
Source: Cortex - May 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joanna Brooks, Sergio Della Sala Tags: Editorials Source Type: journals

Cortico-striatal function in sentence comprehension: Insights from neurophysiology and modelingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a model in which the unique capacity for the striatum to integrate functionally related cortical inputs is exploited for language processing. Converging cortico-striatal connections provide a mechanism that binds cortical representations of syntactic context in BA47 to structure mapping representations (corresponding to grammatical constructions) in BA44. This allows the retrieval of the appropriate grammatical construction to BA44 via thalamo-cortical connections, where it is subsequently used to perform the structure mapping. In this model, the rule retrieval function of the cortico-striatal systems is not uni...
Source: Cortex - May 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter F. Dominey, Toshio Inui Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Language and Parkinson's DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is named after James Parkinson (1755–1824), who first described the symptoms and called the syndrome shaking palsy (). The syndrome is characterized by involuntary resting tremors, muscle rigidity and slowness of movement. (As the latter phenomenon can be misinterpreted as muscle paralysis, the disease is therefore sometimes also called paralysis agitans). These problems are caused by a dopaminergic depletion in the substantia nigra, resulting in poorly functioning basal ganglia. Often the motor symptoms are dominant in PD patients, but problems with cognition, mood and other systems also occur. ...
Source: Cortex - May 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Roelien Bastiaanse, Klaus L. Leenders Tags: Editorials Source Type: journals

Five-year impact factorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Impact factor (IF) is the most used metric to judge how good a scientific journal is, and by inference (though this use is spurious) how good is a paper published in that journal. One of the problems with IF, as it is usually calculated, is that it may favour some journal/disciplines and penalize others. We have argued elsewhere () that, since the two-year window places great emphasis on current research, slow-moving fields will be greatly penalized when compared to fast moving topics. Neuropsychology, is a typical slow-moving discipline. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - May 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sergio Della Sala, Jordan Grafman Tags: Editorials Source Type: journals

Forthcoming issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Erratum to: Dissociations between motor-related EEG measures in a cued movement sequence task [Cortex, 44: 521–536, 2008]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Fig. 7 of this article the two subplots both erroneously show the same frequency band. The correct Fig. 7 is placed on the next page. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas E. Gladwin, Bernhard M. ’t Hart, Ritske de Jong Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

The brain as a mediator of the mind and the worldEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Descartes once envisioned that the immaterial mind and the material body, while being distinct, causally interact, a famous notion now known as Cartesian dualism in his honour. Yet, philosophers (including Descartes himself) made little progress in solving the problem of how the mind and body interact, partly because mental acts, such as thinking, feeling, and experiencing, are really not events in an immaterial soul – rather, they are events of the material brain. So, although philosophers still debate whether the mind can be understood in terms of the brain, prominent philosophers such as Patricia Churchland have taken...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhicheng Lin Tags: Book and New Media Review Source Type: journals

Antisaccade performance in patients with multiple sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Commonly used measures of disability in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS) inadequately reflect disease severity and progression. Further, cognitive deficits experienced by up to 70% of patients, are poorly represented by these measures. Saccadic eye movements may provide a powerful tool for the analysis of cognitive changes in MS, providing a surrogate measure of performance that extends more conventional measures. The cognitive control of eye movements has not previously been investigated in patients with MS. We studied antisaccade (AS) performance in 25 patients with MS and compared the results with 25 age ...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joanne Fielding, Trevor Kilpatrick, Lynette Millist, Owen White Tags: Note Source Type: journals

Sex differences in left–right confusion depend on hemispheric asymmetryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Numerous studies have reported that women believe they are more susceptible to left–right confusion than men. Indeed, some studies have also found sex differences in behavioural tasks. It has been suggested that women have more difficulties with left–right discrimination, because they are less lateralised than men and a lower degree of lateralisation might lead to more left–right confusion (LRC). However, those studies reporting more left–right confusion for women have been criticised because the tasks that have been used involved mental rotation, a spatial ability in which men typically excel. In the pre...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Hirnstein, Sebastian Ocklenburg, Daniel Schneider, Markus Hausmann Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Attention selection, distractor suppression and N2pcEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: N2pc is generally interpreted as the electrocortical correlate of the distractor-suppression mechanisms through which attention selection takes place in humans. Here, we present data that challenge this common N2pc interpretation. In Experiment 1, multiple distractors induced greater N2pc amplitudes even when they facilitated target identification, despite the suppression account of the N2pc predicted the contrary; in Experiment 2, spatial proximity between target and distractors did not affect the N2pc amplitude, despite resulting in more interference in response times; in Experiment 3, heterogeneous distractors...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Veronica Mazza, Massimo Turatto, Alfonso Caramazza Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Foreign accent syndrome as a developmental motor speech disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This paper for the first time documents two patients who presented with FAS on a developmental basis. The finding that FAS does not only occur in the context of acquired brain damage or psychogenic illness but also exists as developmental motor speech impairment requires a re-definition of FAS as a clinical syndrome. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter Mariën, Jo Verhoeven, Peggy Wackenier, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Peter P. De Deyn Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Repetita iuvant: Object-centered neglect with non-verbal visual stimuli induced by repetitionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neglect can be ego-centered or object-centered depending on the reference frames for “left” and “right”, of either the body or an object. It has been suggested that object-centered neglect is not a general phenomenon but is limited to words because only they have a true canonical representation. Here, we examined whether object-centered neglect could be observed for non-verbal material by creating, after repeated exposure, a canonical representation of a nonsense figure. Fourteen neglect patients repeatedly bisected a series of asymmetrical nonsense drawings containing two different shapes at their right ...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Silvia Savazzi, Francesca Mancini, Gianluigi Veronesi, Lucio Posteraro Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Recovery from hemineglect: Differential neurobiological effects of optokinetic stimulation and alertness trainingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We prospectively investigated by means of neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the behavioural and neural effects of a 3-week optokinetic stimulation (OKS) training in 7 patients with chronic visuospatial neglect resulting from right-hemisphere lesions. Behaviourally, OKS caused both a short- and a long-term (4 weeks) improvement of performance in a neglect test battery (compared to a 3-week baseline period). This amelioration of neglect symptoms was associated with increases of neural activity during an fMRI spatial attention task bilaterally in the middle frontal gyrus and t...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Markus Thimm, Gereon R. Fink, Jutta Küst, Hans Karbe, Klaus Willmes, Walter Sturm Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

The role of the striatum in phonological processing. Evidence from early stages of Huntington's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The linguistic role of subcortical structures such as the striatum is still controversial. According to the claim that language processing is subdivided into a lexical memory store and a computational rule system () several studies on word morphology (e.g., ) and on syntax (e.g., ) have suggested that the striatum is specifically dedicated to the latter component. However, little is known about whether the striatum is involved in phonological operations and whether its role in linguistic rule application generalizes to phonological processing. We investigated this issue by assessing perceptual compensation for as...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marc Teichmann, Isabelle Darcy, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Emmanuel Dupoux Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Syntax without language: Neurobiological evidence for cross-domain syntactic computationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Not all conceivable grammars are realized within human languages. Rules based on rigid distances, in which a certain word must occur at a fixed distance from another word, are never found in grammars of human languages. Distances between words are specified in terms of relative, non-rigid positions. The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (Broca's area) has been found to be involved in the computation of non-rigid but not of rigid syntax in the language domain. A fundamental question is therefore whether the neural activity underlying this non-rigid architecture is language-specific, given that analogous structural...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Tettamanti, Irene Rotondi, Daniela Perani, Giuseppe Scotti, Ferruccio Fazio, Stefano F. Cappa, Andrea Moro Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

A selective deficit in the appreciation and recognition of brightness: Brightness agnosia?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a patient with extensive brain damage in the right hemisphere who demonstrated a severe impairment in the appreciation of brightness. Acuity, contrast sensitivity as well as luminance discrimination were normal, suggesting her brightness impairment is not a mere consequence of low-level sensory impairments. The patient was not able to indicate the darker or the lighter of two grey squares, even though she was able to see that they differed. In addition, she could not indicate whether the lights in a room were switched on or off, nor was she able to differentiate between normal greyscale images and inverted greysc...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tanja C.W. Nijboer, Gudrun M.S. Nys, Maarten J. van der Smagt, Edward H.F. de Haan Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Integration of lexical and sublexical processing in the spelling of regular words: A multiple single–case study in Italian dysgraphic patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated 12 cases of “mixed dysgraphia”, a spelling impairment where regular words are spelt better than either ambiguous words or regular non-words.Two explanations of mixed dysgraphia were formerly offered by Luzzatti et al. (1998): (i) a double functional lesion of the orthographic output lexicon (or damage to its access) and of the acoustic-to-phonological conversion; and (ii) some kind of interaction/summation between lexical and sublexical spelling routes when processing regular words.We first analysed whether a double functional lesion was sufficient to explain the mixed dysgraphia, checki...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marcella Laiacona, Erminio Capitani, Giusy Zonca, Ilaria Scola, Paola Saletta, Claudio Luzzatti Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

A brain for numbersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Healthy human brains come equipped with several circuits that contribute to number processing. Nature and nurture interact to produce a unique combination of core skills and more sophisticated abilities, by building on a handful of auxiliary routes (e.g., verbal language, body knowledge and visuospatial attention). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies on number processing will be here succinctly reviewed, in light of their most stimulating and challenging contributions. New research directions will be pointed out, that might enhance their theoretical impact. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marco Sandrini, Elena Rusconi Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Galileo, honorary neuroscientistEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The year 2009 celebrates Astronomy and Cosmology, marking the 400th anniversary of Galileo's telescopic observations and of the publication of Kepler's Astronomia Nova. Normally astronomy would not impinge on Cortex, but it does in this case, as Nick Wade stated in the covering letter accompanying his editorial, published in this issue. He further pointed out that “Perhaps one should say visual cortex rather than cortex generally. Both Galileo and Kepler advanced the study of vision, and this contributions are adjoined with a cover portrait of Galileo in his drawing of the moon” (see the beautiful front cover of this i...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sergio Della Sala Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Galileo's visionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) directed his telescope to the moon, four hundred years ago, the impact of his observations reverberated throughout Europe. He described and depicted the mountains and craters on the moon, challenging the received view that heavenly bodies were perfect spheres and that surface imperfections were restricted to earth. The cover illustration portrays Galileo in the moon he portrayed: the drawing of the moon is derived from a woodcut in Sidereus Nuncius () and the painted portrait is after one by Justus Sustermans that hangs in the Rector's office at the University of Pisa, the city of Galileo...
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nicholas J. Wade Tags: Cover Illustration Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Editorial Board/Title PageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Cover FigureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Impaired semantic inhibition during lexical ambiguity repetition in Parkinson's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Impairments of semantic processing and inhibition have been observed in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the consequences of faulty meaning selection and suppression have not been considered in terms of subsequent lexical processing. The present study employed a lexical ambiguity repetition paradigm where the first presentation of an ambiguity paired with a target biasing its dominant or subordinate meaning (e.g., bank – money or bank – river) was followed after several intervening trials by a presentation of the same ambiguity paired with a different target that biases the same (congruent) or a different (...
Source: Cortex - April 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: David A. Copland, Gameli Sefe, Jane Ashley, Carrie Hudson, Helen J. Chenery Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Writing about mirror writingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mirror writing (MW) defines the production of individual letters or whole word strings in reversed direction. When held to a mirror, these letters or words can be read normally. MW can be deliberate, or involuntary. (Source: Cortex)
Source: Cortex - April 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sergio Della Sala, Roberto Cubelli Tags: Quotes and Titbits Source Type: journals

Are the same phoneme and lexical layers used in speech production and comprehension? A case-series test of Foygel and Dell's (2000) model of aphasic speech productionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the claim that although the same lexical units are involved in speech production and comprehension, there are separate input and output phoneme layers (). Data from a case series of aphasic patients are used to test this claim by examining the relationship between performance on a test of picture naming and performance on tests of phonological input. Estimates of each patient's semantic-lexical and phonological impairments in speech production were derived from Foygel and Dell's computational model of picture naming. It was found that the strength of the semantic-lexical impairments ...
Source: Cortex - April 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Richard Hanley, Lyndsey Nickels Tags: Note Source Type: journals

Unusual use of objects after unilateral brain damage. The technical reasoning modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: It has been suggested that gesture engrams, conceptual knowledge and/or the ability to infer function from structure can support object use. The present paper proposes an alternative view which is based upon the idea that object use requires solely the ability to reason about technical means provided by objects. Technical means are abstract principles which are not linked with any object representation (e.g., cutting involves the opposition between dense and permeable material). The technical reasoning model predicts that the inability to perform technical reasoning should impair performance in any situation requ...
Source: Cortex - April 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: François Osiurak, Christophe Jarry, Philippe Allain, Ghislaine Aubin, Frédérique Etcharry-Bouyx, Isabelle Richard, Isabelle Bernard, Didier Le Gall Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals

Neural differences in the processing of true and false sentences: Insights into the nature of ‘truth’ in language comprehensionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The inquiry on the nature of truth in language comprehension has a long history of opposite perspectives. These perspectives either consider that there are qualitative differences in the processing of true and false statements, or that these processes are fundamentally the same and only differ in quantitative terms. The present study evaluated the processing nature of true and false statements in terms of patterns of brain activity using event-related functional-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging (fMRI). We show that when true and false concept-feature statements are controlled for relation strength/ambiguity, their proc...
Source: Cortex - April 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Frederico Marques, Nicola Canessa, Stefano Cappa Tags: Research Reports Source Type: journals