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Review: Microbiological quality and safety of fruit juices--past, present and future perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review paper, several aspects of fruit juice microbiology, from past to future perspectives, are considered. An overview of the most relevant outbreaks involving foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms associated with fruit juices is provided. One of the sections provides data on the sources of fruit juice contamination, followed by perspectives on preservation methods. Furthermore, considerations on the role of international guidelines about exotic fruit juices in respect to public health, and of the microbiological status of fruit juices used as food/beverage ingredients are discussed. Issues and chal...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - November 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tribst AA, Sant'Ana Ade S, de Massaguer PR Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Allelopathy in freshwater cyanobacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Freshwater cyanobacteria produce several bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemical structure, which may achieve high concentrations in the aquatic medium when cyanobacterial blooms occur. Some of the compounds released by cyanobacteria have allelopathic properties, influencing the biological processes of other phytoplankton or aquatic plants. These kinds of interactions are more easily detectable under laboratory studies; however their ecological relevance is often debated. Recent research has discovered new allelopathic properties in some cyanobacteria species, new allelochemicals and elucidated some of th...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - October 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Leão PN, Vasconcelos MT, Vasconcelos VM Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Review: Microbiological quality and safety of fruit juices-past, present and future perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review paper, several aspects of fruit juice microbiology, from past to future perspectives, are considered. An overview of the most relevant outbreaks involving foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms associated with fruit juices is provided. One of the sections provides data on the sources of fruit juice contamination, followed by perspectives on preservation methods. Furthermore, considerations on the role of international guidelines about exotic fruit juices in respect to public health, and of the microbiological status of fruit juices used as food/beverage ingredients are discussed. Issues and chal...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - October 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lima Tribst AA, de Souza Sant'ana A, de Massaguer PR Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Our current understanding of fungal biofilms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fungal biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significant rates of mortality. Candida albicans is the most notorious of all fungal biofilm formers. However, non-Candida species, yeasts such as Cryptococcus neoformans, and filamentous moulds such as Aspergillus fumigatus, have been shown to be implicated in biofilm-associated infections. Fungal biofilms have distinct developmental phases, including adhesion, colonisation, maturation and dispersal, which are governed by complex molecular events. Recalcitrance to antifungal therapy remains the greatest threat to patients with fungal biofilms. This rev...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - October 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ramage G, Mowat E, Jones B, Williams C, Lopez-Ribot J Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Candida parapsilosis family has emerged as a major opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. It causes multifaceted pathology in immuno-compromised and normal hosts, notably low birth weight neonates. Its emergence may relate to an ability to colonize the skin, proliferate in glucose-containing solutions, and adhere to plastic. When clusters appear, determination of genetic relatedness among strains and identification of a common source are important. Its virulence appears associated with a capacity to produce biofilm and production of phospholipase and aspartyl protease. Further investigations of the host-pathogen in...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - October 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: van Asbeck EC, Clemons KV, Stevens DA Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Bacterial interactions in biofilms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is generally acknowledged that biofilms are the dominant lifestyle of bacteria, both in the natural environment as on manmade settings such as industrial and medical devices. This attached form of cell growth consists of slime matrix embedded bacteria of either a single, but mostly of multiple microbial species that form an interdependent structured community, capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Although research on multispecies biofilms is still in its infancy, this review will focus on these complex communities where cooperation and antagonism are keys to increase the fitness of the different species a...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - July 27, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Moons P, Michiels CW, Aertsen A Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Detecting phytophthora.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Species of the genus Phytophthora are arguably the most destructive plant pathogens causing widespread damage to many horticultural and ornamental species, and to native ecosystems throughout the world. Globalization has increased the volume of plants being transported over long distances and has increased the spread of Phytophthora species. As traditional detection methods such as baiting or direct isolation are incapable of handling the large volume of material to be tested, researchers have developed more rapid and specific antibody and DNA based tests. This review compares the performance of the different types of ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - July 27, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: O'Brien PA, Williams N, Hardy GE Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Phoma Saccardo: Distribution, secondary metabolite production and biotechnological applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Phoma Sacc. is an ubiquitous fungus, which has been reported from plants, soil, human beings, animals, and air. Some species of Phoma like P. sorghina, P. herbarum, P. exigua var. exigua, P. macrostoma, P. glomerata, Phoma macdonaldii, Phoma tracheiphila, Phoma proboscis, P. multirostrata, and Phoma foveata secrete phytotoxin and anthraquinone pigments as secondary metabolites, which have great potential for the biological control of weeds, and can be exploited for the production of mycopesticides, agrophytochemicals, and dyes. Some other species produce pharmaceutically active metabolites, viz., Sirodesmins, Phomenoic...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - July 27, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rai M, Deshmukh P, Gade A, Ingle A, Kövics GJ, Irinyi L Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rodents are the most abundant and diversified order of living mammals in the world. Already since the Middle Ages we know that they can contribute to human disease, as black rats were associated with distribution of plague. However, also in modern times rodents form a threat for public health. In this review article a large number of pathogens that are directly or indirectly transmitted by rodents are described. Moreover, a simplified rodent disease model is discussed. PMID: 19548807 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Immunity to Campylobacter: its role in risk assessment and epidemiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Acquired immunity is an important factor in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the developing world, apparently limiting symptomatic infection to children of less than two years. However, also in developed countries the highest incidence is observed in children under five years and the majority of Campylobacter infections are asymptomatic, which may be related to the effects of immunity and/or the ingested doses. Not accounting for immunity in epidemiological studies may lead to biased results due to the misclassification of Campylobacter-exposed but apparently healthy persons as unexposed. In risk asse...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Havelaar AH, van Pelt W, Ang CW, Wagenaar JA, van Putten JP, Gross U, Newell DG Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

cAMP-dependent signal pathways in unicellular eukaryotes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The review summarizes current data about mechanisms of signal transduction with participation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and elements of the complex cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway in unicellular eukaryotes. Conceptions of evolutionary origin of eukaryotic signal transduction systems are developed. PMID: 19514907 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shemarova IV Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture: Avenues and challenges.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract As an alternative strategy to antibiotic use in aquatic disease management, probiotics have recently attracted extensive attention in aquaculture. However, the use of terrestrial bacterial species as probiotics for aquaculture has had limited success, as bacterial strain characteristics are dependent upon the environment in which they thrive. Therefore, isolating potential probiotic bacteria from the marine environment in which they grow optimally is a better approach. Bacteria that have been used successfully as probiotics belong to the genus Vibrio and Bacillus, and the species Thalassobacter utilis. Most re...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ninawe AS, Selvin J Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Intercellular communication in bacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacteria have been long considered primitive organisms, with a lifestyle focused on the survival and propagation of single cells. However, in the past few decades it became obvious that bacteria can display sophisticated group behaviors. For instance, bacteria can communicate amongst themselves and with their hosts, by producing, sensing, and responding to chemical signals. By doing so, they can sense their surroundings and adapt as to increase their chances of survival and propagation. Here, we review the discovery of bacterial intercellular communication, some of the signaling molecules identified to date, the role o...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Antunes LC, Ferreira RB Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Beta-lactams and Beta-lactamase-inhibitors in current- or potential-clinical practice: A comprehensive update.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The use of successive generations of beta-lactams has selected successive generations of beta-lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, this cephalosporin resistance, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, is now driving the use of carbapenems and unfortunately the carbapenem resistance has emerged markedly, especially in Acinetobacter spp. due to OXA- and metallo-carbapenemases. The industry responded to the challenge of rising resistance and recently developed some novel beta-lactams such as ceftobiprole, ceftaroline etc. and many beta-l...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shahid M, Sobia F, Singh A, Malik A, Khan HM, Jonas D, Hawkey PM Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Beta-glucans have been studied in animal species, from earthworms to humans. They are a heterogeneous group of glucose polymers found in fungi, plants, some bacteria, and sea weeds. The recognition of conserved microbial structures is a key aspect of metazoan immunity, and beta-glucans are emerging as major target for the recognition of fungal pathogens. However, the receptors and mechanisms by which this is achieved differ significantly between vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we will highlight the known receptors for beta-glucans and will discuss the various immune responses they can initiate, with some...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

The microbiology of alkaline-fermentation of indigenous seeds used as food condiments in Africa and Asia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alkaline-fermented food condiments play an important role in the diets of many people in developing and a few developed countries. The rise in pH during production of these foods is due to the ability of the dominant microorganisms, Bacillus spp., to hydrolyze proteins into amino acids and ammonia. Studies have been undertaken which have investigated a number of these products like dawadawa, ugba, bikalga, kinema, natto, and thua-nao. In this review, current knowledge about the principal microbiological activities and biochemical modifications which occur during the processing of the alkaline condiments including nutri...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Parkouda C, Nielsen DS, Azokpota P, Ivette Irène Ouoba L, Amoa-Awua WK, Thorsen L, Hounhouigan JD, Jensen JS, Tano-Debrah K, Diawara B, Jakobsen M Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Statement of Retraction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19058046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - December 4, 2008 Category: Microbiology Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

A message from the publisher.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19003602 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - November 15, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yepez E Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Treatment of colored effluents with lignin-degrading enzymes: an emerging role of marine-derived fungi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents a critical review of bioremediation potential of such fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes in comparison with the state-of-the-art in terrestrial white-rot fungi. PMID: 19003603 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - November 15, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Raghukumar C, D'Souza-Ticlo D, Verma AK Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Bmcb indexes request.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19003604 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - November 15, 2008 Category: Microbiology Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

The Properties and Functions of Virus Encoded microRNA, siRNA, and Other Small Noncoding RNAs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of noncoding RNA species, believed to be regulating gene expression by binding to complementary sites in the 3'UTRs of target mRNAs. They play important regulatory roles in various metabolic pathways in most eukaryotes. The recent discovery of virus encoded miRNAs suggests that viruses may be using them to regulate host and viral gene expression. Another class of closely related small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) also has been found within the HIV-1 genome and shown to be exerting a limited impact on virus reproduction. Additionally, an additional type of viral noncoding RNAs named sma...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - October 29, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: He S, Yang Z, Skogerbo G, Ren F, Cui H, Zhao H, Chen R, Zhao Y Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews PsaA, its structure and role in pneumococcal virulence, immunogenicity, and potential to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization (a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis) as a component of a common pneumococcal protein vaccine. PMID: 18819028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 26, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rajam G, Anderton JM, Carlone GM, Sampson JS, Ades EW Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Microbiological risk assessment in stem cell manipulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cell therapy based on the use of human stem cells is more complicated than transfusion or organ transplantation because cells may undergo many additional manipulations due to different treatments for isolation, expansion, differentiation, and other types of biological changes. These manipulations require the approval of regulatory agencies (other than ethical) and the processes must be monitored with more tests than the ones applied for minimally manipulated cells. The clinical safety and efficacy of transplanted cells depend on several factors such as homologous or non-homologous sources, extent of manipulation, and c...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pessina A, Bonomi A, Baglio C, Cavicchini L, Sisto F, Neri MG, Gribaldo L Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Biodegradation of aromatic compounds: an overview of meta-fission product hydrolases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Meta fission product (MFP) hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis of a low reactive carbon-carbon bond found in meta-fission products, generated during biodegradation of various aromatic compounds. These enzymes belong to the alpha/beta hydrolase super family and show structural conservation despite having poor sequence similarity. MFP-hydrolases are substrate specific and studies have indicated that this substrate specificity plays a key role in the determination of the organism's ability to degrade a particular substrate. In this concise review of MFP-hydrolases we discuss their classification, biochemical properties, the mo...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Khajamohiddin S, Repalle ER, Pinjari AB, Merrick M, Siddavattam D Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Diagnosis in periodontology: a further aid through microbiological tests.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most of the current knowledge of the complex microbiology of oral biofilms, which initiates and maintains periodontal lesions, has been facilitated by the introduction of molecular techniques. Several studies exalt the high sensitivity and specificity of molecular tests in the detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens. Although they have large a diffusion, the old method of bacterial culture remains nowadays the gold standard when determining the utility of a new microbial test. Moreover, cultures have the important advantage of allowing an antibiotic sensitivity test and this is much more important during ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: D'Ercole S, Catamo G, Piccolomini R Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Nanotechnology and water treatment: applications and emerging opportunities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nanotechnology, the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm), offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward recalcitrant contaminants and application flexibility, many nanomaterials are under active research and development. Accordingly, literature about current research on different nanomaterials (nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, and bioactive nanoparticles) and their application i...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Theron J, Walker JA, Cloete TE Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

False-negative results in nucleic acid amplification tests-do we need to routinely use two genetic targets in all assays to overcome problems caused by sequence variation?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have numerous advantages over traditional diagnostic techniques and so are now widely used by diagnostic laboratories for routine detection of infectious agents. However, there is some concern over the increasing numbers of reports of NAAT false-negative results caused by sequence variation. Highly conserved NAAT target sequences have been reported for many organisms, yet sequence-related problems continue to be observed in commercial and in-house assays targeting a broad range of microbial pathogens. In light of these ongoing problems, it may be time to consider the use of two ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Whiley DM, Lambert SB, Bialasiewicz S, Goire N, Nissen MD, Sloots TP Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

A perspective on the biotechnological potential of microalgae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microalgae are the untapped resource with more than 25,000 species of which only 15 are in use. In recent years, microalgal culture technology is a business oriented line owing to their different practical applications. Innovative processes and products have been introduced in microalgal biotechnology to produce vitamins, proteins, cosmetics, and health foods. For most of these applications, the market is still developing and the biotechnological use of microalgae will extend into new areas. With the development of sophisticated culture and screening techniques, microalgal biotechnology can meet the challenging demands...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Kumar NA, Sridhar S, Rengasamy R Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Properties and applications of antimicrobial peptides in biodefense against biological warfare threat agents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent advances in knowledge of the properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are reviewed. AMPs are typically small, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that interact electrostatically and non-stereospecifically with the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in its permeabilization and cell death. Classes of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity towards host cells are discussed. A particular focus is AMPs with potential for use in defense against biological warfare agents. Some AMPs cytotoxic to Bacillus anthracis have been described. Synthesis of these peptides in multivalent form...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - September 7, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dawson RM, Liu CQ Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Thermotolerant Hydrogenases: Biological Diversity, Properties, and Biotechnological Applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hydrogenases are metalloproteins that catalyze the oxidation and reduction of molecular hydrogen and play a crucial role in many microbial metabolic processes. A subset of hydrogenases capable of functioning at temperatures from 50 to 125 degrees C is found in thermophilic microorganisms. Most known thermotolerant hydrogenases contain a [NiFe] active site and are either bidirectional or uptake type. Although no exhaustive survey has been done of the ecological diversity of thermophilic hydrogen-reducing or oxidizing bacteria, they appear to exist in virtually every thermophilic environment examined to date. Thermotoler...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - August 27, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eberly JO, Ely RL Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews PsaA, its structure and role in pneumococcal virulence, immunogenicity, and potential to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization (a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis) as a component of a common pneumococcal protein vaccine. PMID: 18728990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - August 27, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rajam G, Anderton JM, Carlone GM, Sampson JS, Ades EW Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Ecology of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in the Primary Vegetable Production Chain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is an increased concern that plants might be more important as a carrier for human enteric pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovars than previously thought. This review summarizes the knowledge available on the ecology of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in the primary production chain of leafy green vegetables (in particular lettuce), including manure, manure-amended soil, and crop. Based on the available literature, suggestions are made for the control of these pathogens. The suggested approach of oligotrophication of agro-ecosystems fits in the wider approach to lower environmenta...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - August 27, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Franz E, van Bruggen AH Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Survival and inactivation of Arcobacter spp., a current status and future prospect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Arcobacter spp. has been isolated from food of animal origin (particularly meats) and from various kind of water. Despite its phylogenetically related neighbor Campylobacter, Arcobacter is regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen. Since Arcobacter differs in its phenotypic characteristics, the physical and chemical treatments designed for elimination of campylobacters from food and environment needs to be verified. This review focuses on the occurrence, and mainly on susceptibility to various physical and chemical treatments for inactivation of Arcobacter spp. The existing studies have been critically discussed and n...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - April 1, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cervenka L Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Botulism diagnostics: from clinical symptoms to in vitro assays.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemical techniques is an essential component in the diagnosis of botulism, and is yet to be achieved. The most sensitive and widely accepted assay method for BoNTs is mouse bioassay, which takes 4 days to complete. This clearly can not meet the need for clinical diagnosis of botulism, botulinum detection in fi...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - April 1, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cai S, Singh BR, Sharma S Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Acetoin metabolism in bacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acetoin is an important physiological metabolite excreted by many microorganisms. The excretion of acetoin, which can be diagnosed by the Voges Proskauer test and serves as a microbial classification marker, has its vital physiological meanings to these microbes mainly including avoiding acification, participating in the regulation of NAD/NADH ratio, and storaging carbon. The well-known anabolism of acetoin involves alpha-acetolactat synthase and alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase; yet its catabolism still contains some differing views, although much attention has been focused on it and great advances have been achieved....
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - April 1, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiao Z, Xu P Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: journals

Amino Acid Catabolic Pathways of Lactic Acid BacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - February 5, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fernandez, MariaZuniga, Manuel Source Type: journals

Streptococcus pneumoniae Protein Vaccine Candidates: Properties, Activities and Animal StudiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - February 5, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tai, Stanley Source Type: journals

Cyanobacteria Metal Interactions: Requirements, Toxicity, and Ecological ImplicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - February 5, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Baptista, MafaldaVasconcelos, M. Teresa Source Type: journals

Bioconversions of Ferulic Acid, an Hydroxycinnamic AcidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - February 5, 2007 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mathew, SindhuAbraham, T. Source Type: journals

IdeR in Mycobacteria: From Target Recognition to Physiological FunctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ranjan, Sarita Yellaboina, Sailu Ranjan, Akash Source Type: journals

AddendumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ouagrham-Gormley, Sonia Melikishvili, Alexander Zilinskas, Raymond Source Type: journals

Resilience of Microbial Systems Towards DisturbancesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Botton, S. van Heusden, M. Parsons, J. Smidt, H. van Straalen, N. Source Type: journals

Role of Poly-Galacturonase Inhibiting Protein in Plant DefenseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Di, Cuixia Zhang, Manxiao Xu, Shijian Cheng, Tuo An, Lizhe Source Type: journals

Unidirectional Movement of Flares of Cells of Myxococcus xanthusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Koch, Arthur Source Type: journals

Environmental Stress Response in Wine Lactic Acid Bacteria: Beyond Bacillus subtilisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - May 29, 2006 Category: Microbiology Authors: Spano, G. Massa, S. Source Type: journals