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Interventional neuroradiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review, papers have been selected with the object of informing the reader about research developed by interventional neuroradiologists to improve the quality of materials, to further knowledge of their performance and use, to search for new items, and to follow-up and check therapeutic results. Animal models, in-vitro models, and special applications of technical possibilities are described and discussed with interesting and promising results. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 6 / December, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Concussion confusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The literature on concussion contains elements of confusion in that the word is used for cases in which there is obviously permanent neuronal damage. In turn, this leads to confusion regarding the prognosis and immediate management of cases where a blow to the head is the primary injury. If we adhere to the classic definition of concussion, "a transient disturbance of neurologic function with no structural damage", a lot of this confusion will disappear, including that surrounding prolonged post-concussion syndrome (PPCS), second impact syndrome (SIS), and predisposition to become concussed. Content TypeJournal Article ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Vestibular schwannomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The state of the art of vestibular schwannoma management is reviewed with discussion of pertinent literature to bring out the current results and controversies in this field. Microsurgery results from four major series are discussed along with data from those using gamma knife or linear accelerators to treat these tumors. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 6 / December, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Cervical spinal traumaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over the past years, significant advances have taken place in basic research, imaging, and in the treatment of cervical spine injuries. The pathophysiological understanding of spinal cord injury has been considerably improved by basic research. Spinal cord damage occurs as a result of primary mechanical insult of secondary ischemic and biochemical tissular alterations. Twenty percent of patients with a major spine injury will have a second spine injury at another level. Such lesions include arterial dissections. These patients often suffer simultaneous but unrelated chest or abdominal injuries. Current management of spinal...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Papers reviewed in this issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 6 / December, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Radiation therapy for gliomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present several studies related to the effects of radiation on normal brain and gliomas. One paper suggests a mechanism of radiation-induced reproductive failure that is separate from mitotic cell death and apoptosis. Others describe changes in cytokine regulation and receptor density. After irradiation, necrosis of normal tissue can be indistinguishable from recurrence of the tumor with conventional studies. However, functional imaging can differentiate between neoplasm and functional alterations in tissue due to radiation. While much more work must be done in this field, these papers indicate that radiation therapy re...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Diffuse axonal injury: its role in diffuse brain injury and its significance for severe disability and vegetative stateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diffuse traumatic brain injury and combinations of diffuse with focal impact traumatic brain injury can cause widespread diffuse axonal injury (DAI) to the white matter. DAI is often the main reason for a persistent vegetative state or a persistent dementia after acute brain damage and may be responsible for a poor outcome after neurosurgical interventions. In the last few years, amyloid precursor protein (APP) has attracted interest as an early marker of DAI staining only injured axons, whereas background uninjured axons are not stained, in contrast to the more traditional demonstration of DAI by neurofilament proteins, w...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Publications scanned for pertinent articlesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 6 / December, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: how to select candidates for pallidal or subthalamic stimulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents a review of recent reports that describe follow-up results and double-blind studies on the signs for relief of each type of parkinsonian symptom, following GPi or STN stimulation. It also includes a discussion of how further research should be organized in order to identify whether GPi or STN stimulation exerts the greatest effect on particular kinds of parkinsonian symptoms. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 6 / December, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the life span of patients with metastatic brain tumors is quite limited, the aim of the treatment is to prolong their useful quality of life with minimally invasive therapeutic modalities. Although gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) is widely used and accepted as a standard therapeutic modality for treating metastatic brain tumors today, there are still several problems to be clarified. The indication of GKR for metastatic brain tumors is based on the size, number of metastases, the state of primary cancer, systemic metastases, general condition of the patient, the radiosensitivity of primary cancer, the effective dose, ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectorisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angina pectoris resulting from coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia affects millions of patients worldwide. A significant number of patients suffer from intractable angina despite maximal pharmacological and surgical therapy. For this subset of patients, the treatment options are few and the condition extremely disabling. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has traditionally been employed for the treatment of a wide variety of painful conditions such as failed back surgery, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and nerve injury pain. Over the past decade, SCS has gained popularity as a potential therapy for patients with refr...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for patients with malignant brain tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews recent reports on high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous stem-cell rescue for patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent malignant brain tumors. Children with newly diagnosed malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors are included - in these patients it was desirable to avoid radiotherapy. The drugs used were thiotepa, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, melphalan, and carboplatin. At a toxic death rate of 8-13%, their toxicity was considered acceptable. However, in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, neurologic complications were not uncommon. Therefore, the effects of this drug ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Papers reviewed in this issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 5 / September, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Syndrome of the trephined: theory and factsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pathophysiology behind "the syndrome of the trephined" has been under investigation over the past 50 years. Research related to barometric pressure, cellular metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, and the vasculature have attempted to decipher the mechanism of disease. These subjects are discussed in five papers along with specific topics related to the syndrome. The symptoms experienced after craniectomy, the resolution of symptoms with cranioplasty as well as CSF, cerebral blood flow, and metabolic studies are presented, respectively, with a review of the theories. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCr...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Publications scanned for pertinent articlesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 5 / September, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Intraoperative use of magnetic resonance imaging: neurosurgical applications and technical limitationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this manuscript, the authors review current developments in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyze the feasibility of obtaining intraoperative MRI images, current available instrumentation, and the advantages and disadvantages of performing a neurosurgical procedure using interactive or real time scans and neuronavigation. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 5 / September, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Society newsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content TypeJournal Article JournalCritical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal VolumeVolume 9 Journal IssueVolume 9, Number 5 / September, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Perforating and leptomeningeal branches of the anterior communicating artery: an anatomical reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The morphological variability, diameter, and length of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) are important factors in clinical and surgical decisions. This artery presents branches that supply the optic nerves and chiasm, the lamina terminalis, the hypothalamus, and the subcallosal region. The ACoA has the most frequent incidence of saccular aneurysms in the anterior portion of the circle of Willis. Lesions to the ACoA's branches may be related to neuropsychological sequelae such as amnesia, confabulation and personality changes, besides other basal ganglia syndromes. In this paper, anatomical studies of the ACoA and it...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Oxyhemoglobin as the principal cause of cerebral vasospasm: a holistic view of its actionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
While oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) is deemed to be the principal cause of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the mechanism(s) whereby it leads to vasospasm is by no means clear. Of importance is the fact that prolonged contraction of arterial smooth muscle is not the sole feature of cerebral vasospasm, particularly in humans. Vasospasm is also associated with the occurrence of organic changes in the arterial wall as well as the derangement of cerebral microcirculation. These additional features may play a pivotal role when vasospasm in the proximal arteries incurs delayed ischemic neurological deficits and cere...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Solitary fibrous tumor in neurosurgical practiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Solitary fibrous tumors most often affect the pleura, but examples are increasingly being reported in a wide variety of sites including the central nervous system. This tumor shows characteristic expression of CD34, which facilitates histopathologic differentiation of this lesion from other more common and better recognized spindle-cell tumors such as fibrous meningioma, hemangiopericytoma, or nerve sheath tumors. In this paper, we review current information on cranial and paracranial solitary fibrous tumors and emphasize the need for clinical recognition of this lesion as a distinct entity. Content TypeJournal Article ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Anterior cervical discectomy for one- and two-level cervical disc disease: the controversy surrounding the question of whether to fuse, plate, or bothEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, a general statement regarding the optimal surgical treatment for cervical disc herniations using anterior approaches is difficult to make with this limited review. Surgeons' experience and familiarity with a particular approach are probably the most important factors in ensuring successful outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s003290050138 Authors Jaime A. Alvarez, Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Hanna House, 5th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Tel.: +1-216-844-5949 Fax: +1-216-844...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Society newsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s003290050140 Authors Journal Critical Reviews in NeurosurgeryOnline ISSN 1433-0377Print ISSN 0939-0146 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 1999
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Treatment of raised intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews six recent papers that have examined alternative methods of treating elevated ICP. The first two papers consider a new and controversial alternative to cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management, which involves mild hypotension coupled with pre-capillary vasoconstriction using dihydroergotamine. The authors claim success with this treatment, and although the patient numbers are small, there is no evidence that they fare any less well than patients treated with conventional techniques. The third and fourth papers consider hypertonic saline (HTS) as a possible osmotic treatment for raised ICP. The thir...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

Interstitial irradiation with stereotactically implanted I-125 seeds for the treatment of cerebral gliomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Owing to its low rate of side effects and its high efficacy, interstitial irradiation with low-activity seeds should be the first therapeutic step in small (maximal diameter 40 mm), well-circumscribed, low-grade gliomas affecting the brain stem, other midline structures, or eloquent cerebral areas. In anaplastic gliomas, a therapeutic schedule using low-activity seeds and combining interstitial irradiation with radiotherapy (reduced boost dose of 15-30 Gy) seems to be more effective than interstitial irradiation alone. Compared with interstitial irradiation with high-activity seeds, this combined irradiation schedule cause...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals

A review of dural substitutes used in neurosurgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the literature regarding the features, advantages, and related complications of different dural substitutes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s003290050136 Authors Ricardo Berjano, Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine, 6E, Detroit, MI 48201, USA e-mail: Vinas@neurosurg.wayne.edu Tel.: +1-313-745-4661 Fax: +1-313-745-4661Federico C. Vinas, Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine, 6E, Detroit, MI 48201, USA e-mail: Vinas@neurosurg.wayne.edu Tel.: +1-313-745-4661 Fax: +1-313-745-4661Manuel Dujovny, Department of Neurolo...
Source: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery - February 19, 2004 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Critical Reviews in Neurosurgery Source Type: journals