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Hepatitis B and pregnancyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and affects a disproportionate number of individuals from areas of high endemicity, where perinatal transmission is the predominant mode of infection. Introduction of a safe and effective hepatitis B vaccine has led to universal infant vaccination and resulted in a reduced rate of perinatal HBV transmission from infected mothers. With appropriate hepatitis B vaccination and passive immunoprophylaxis using hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), infants born to mothers with HBV infection have perinatal...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important global pathogen. In countries of high endemicity, virus is typically acquired either vertically or during the preschool years, contributing to a large burden of pediatric infection. Seroconversion and progression to the inactive carrier phase of infection is associated with improved outcome and decreased rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Success in treating chronic HBV disease in children, as defined by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, approaches only 25% to 30% with interferon-α, the most efficacious agent. Lamivudine and oth...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in association with antineoplastic therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV reactivation with immunosuppressive treatments is thoroughly described, and is most widely reported in patients who have chronic HBV infection, when hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is positive, in connection with chemotherapy used to treat lymphoma. However, reactivation can also occur in patients who have prior resolved HBV infection, in whom HBsAg is negative but antibody to hepatitis B core antigen is positive. The antiviral drug lamivudine is highly efficacious in preventing HBV reactivation in these circumstanc...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

HIV and coinfected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are major public health problems. Patients at risk for HIV infection are likely also at risk for HCV and HBV because of shared routes of transmission. HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a significant impact on HCV and HBV. HIV coinfection accelerates HCV and HBV natural history, leading to an increased incidence of cirrhosis, development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. Universal screening for HCV and HBV infections in HIV-infected patients is essential. Proper screening combined with up-to-date treatment strate...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Viral hepatitis and renal failureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the current scientific literature designed to assess the prevalence, diagnostic evaluation, and clinical course of viral hepatitis in individuals with renal failure as well as current treatment options. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-009-0017-7Authors Elsa Marisol PichardoSonja OlsenRobert S. Brown, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, New York-Presbyterian Hospital 622 West 168th Street, PH 14 Center New York NY 10032-3784 USA Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Management of HBV, HCV, and HDV coinfectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Concurrent hepatitis C (HCV) or hepatitis D (HDV) infection is common because of their shared routes of transmission. Studies show that concurrent HBV/HCV or HBV/HDV infections may be associated with a fulminant course of acute hepatitis, more severe forms of chronic liver disease, and higher risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Virologic markers in HBV patients coinfected with HCV or HDV are dynamic and have different patterns. The replication of one virus may dominate the other and ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Antiviral therapy as an adjunct to passive-active immunotherapy for prevention of perinatal transmission of HBVEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11901-009-0019-5Authors Veronica TenCate, University of Illinois Chicago IL USAScott J. Cotler, University of Illinois Chicago IL USA Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 3 / August, 2009
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - July 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

STAT-C: New therapies cannot get here fast enoughEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the latest clinical trial findings on the emerging STAT-C agents for the treatment of HCV, particularly the agents that have progressed to phase 2 and phase 3 in clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-009-0011-0Authors Giuseppe Morelli, Shands Hospital, University of Florida Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology 1600 Southwest Archer Road M440 Gainesville FL 32610 USADavid R. Nelson Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 2 / May, 2009
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Novel drugs for hepatitis C virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis C virus is a major public health issue and a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The current treatment—pegylated interferon and ribavirin—is associated with significant adverse events and sustained virologic response rates of only approximately 50% in genotype-1 patients. New drugs in development include novel interferons, ribavirin analogs, NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase inhibitors, and cyclophilin inhibitors. The primary goal of drug development is to improve efficacy; secondary goals include shortening the duration and increasing the tolerability of treatment. Viral resistance...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Viral-guided hepatitis C therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Predicting hepatitis C treatment outcomes is of great benefit to patient and clinician. Baseline predictors of response or failure can set the appropriate expectations for the patient and may aid in decision making about starting therapy. An accurate assessment of the potential for treatment success involves using rapid and early viral kinetics at weeks 4 and 12. These time points are useful to set up stopping rules and to provide motivation for the patient and health care provider to continue when appropriate. Relapse is an unfortunate consequence of therapy in a significant number of patients. Bas...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Treatment of hepatitis C in the potential liver transplant recipientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Despite the availability of antiviral treatment, chronic hepatitis C-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma remain major indications for liver transplantation. Antiviral treatment should be administered to render the patient aviremic if possible before transplant. Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplant is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and graft loss, and treatment is problematic after transplant. Hence, treatment of the cirrhotic patient must be considered. However, this remains a challenge because cirrhotic patients tend to have a poorer response rate and their clinical cond...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Optimizing peginterferon and ribavirin administration in difficult-to-treat patient populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver-related US morbidity and mortality. The ultimate goal of therapy is to prevent disease complications and improve life expectancy. Effective antiviral therapy uses pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Certain populations pose a significant challenge to treatment success. The likelihood of achieving sustained virologic response rates depends on host, viral, and treatment factors, with genotype the strongest predictor. The greatest impact in optimizing drug exposure can result from targeting modifiable factors and, in some instances, from extending treatment dur...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Nitazoxanide: A potential novel agent for hepatitis CEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11901-009-0006-xAuthors Darryn PotoskyCharles Howell Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 2 / May, 2009
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma: New developments in natural history and treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection doubled over the past 20 years in the United States because of an increase in cirrhosis related to HCV and other factors, including diabetes mellitus. Survival after HCC diagnosis remains relatively unchanged, with a persistently high mortality rate. Primary prevention of HCC by treatment of HCV is supported by multiple, large, retrospective studies. Despite significant methodologic limitations, the studies indicate a benefit of HCC reduction with therapy. Sustained virologic response appears to...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Impact of hepatitis C coinfection on cognitive outcomes in HIV-infected individualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as an important factor in determining the presence and severity of cognitive impairment among individuals infected with HIV. Studies have demonstrated that coinfected patients perform worse on neuropsychological testing than monoinfected patients, typically on tests of processing speed, psychomotor speed, and learning efficiency. The mechanisms associated with this increased severity of cognitive impairment have not been identified, though a number of candidates have been proposed. This review summarizes the current literature on HIV-HCV coinfection and ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Adherence to therapy: Challenges in HCV-infected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although clinicians recognize the importance of adherence to HCV therapy, little research has been conducted to determine actual adherence rates or predictors of adherence in this population. Adherence is a challenge in the HCV-infected individual because of the complexities of the drug regimen, side effects from the medication, frequency of clinical monitoring, variable response to therapy, and potential complications. However, because of the time-limited nature of the current medication therapies, multidisciplinary and multifactoral interventional strategies may be designed to positively influence...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C, insulin resistance, and steatosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two frequently identified liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is related to obesity and insulin resistance, which may also be a preexisting condition in patients with CHC. The complex relationship among obesity, steatosis, and insulin resistance as it pertains to the pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes in CHC is discussed in this article. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-007-0015-6Authors Dawn M. TorresStephen A. Harrison, Brooke Army Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology 3851 Roger Brooke Drive Fort S...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Health-related quality of life in HCV-infected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In March 2007, a systematic review was conducted of published research on the topic of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recent studies indicate that significant decrements in HRQOL exist for patients with HCV under many circumstances and arise from multiple sources. Future research is needed on finding interventions that address all sources of reduced HRQOL in patients with HCV, whether or not they are on treatment. It is also important to continue work on identifying the direct mechanisms behind lower HRQOL in patients with HCV. Content T...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Immunologic complications of the hepatitis C virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract An increasingly wide variety of extrahepatic manifestations have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Many are immunologic in nature and may be precipitated by interferon-based therapy. Among these associations, mixed cryoglobulinemia is the most prevalent and best characterized. Additional HCV-related immunologic complications include autoantibody production, rheumatologic disorders, immune-mediated cytopenias, and lymphoproliferative disorders; the certainty of association varies for many of these conditions. The mechanisms through which HCV induces these compl...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Management of hepatitis B in patients with HBeAg-negative diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chronic hepatitis B with negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is becoming a more prevalent form of chronic hepatitis B. This change is the result of selection pressure on the virus leading to a precore or double core promoter mutation of hepatitis B virus that either abolishes or downregulates synthesis of HBeAg. De novo acute infection with HBeAg-negative mutant virus rarely leads to chronic infection but usually results in acute hepatitis with a course ranging from benign to fulminant. Chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis B is thought to evolve from wildtype HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and is...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is greatly increased in patients with cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis C infection. Diagnosis and treatment of HCC remain difficult and mortality is high. Surveillance of individuals who are at risk is recommended, and the risk of HCC can likely be reduced by treating the underlying hepatitis. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-007-0009-4Authors Benjamin H. LeachJonathan M. Schwartz, Oregon Health and Sciences University Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L461 Portland ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Depression and fatigue: Challenging comorbidities in HCV-infected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Depression and fatigue are two of the most common problems reported by patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Psychosocial and biological factors contribute to the etiology of these symptoms, but the exact pathogenesis of each is not well understood. Depression is managed effectively in most HCV patients using antidepressant medication, but management strategies for fatigue are lacking. Additional research is needed to refine the definition of fatigue and its measurement, as well as to identify the causes of these disabling symptoms, how they relate to other neuropsychiatric symptoms, and which inte...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease: Course and managementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is significantly higher in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis than in the general population. CHC adversely affects survival in patients on hemodialysis and those who have undergone renal transplantation (RT); routine screening for hepatitis C virus infection is recommended for both groups. Treatment of CHC in post-RT patients and those undergoing hemodialysis remains challenging. Data on nonpegylated interferon alfa and pegylated interferon alfa monotherapies remain limited, and treatment-induced adverse effects are common. Riba...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis CEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol abuse are two of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States. These two entities often coexist and contribute to accelerated development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the effect of one drink per day in the setting of chronic HCV infection is unclear, there is overwhelming evidence for the deleterious effects of heavy alcohol use on HCV liver disease. The mechanisms by which alcohol increases liver injury in hepatitis C are poorly understood. Potential pathways include im...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C in correctional institutionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The prevalence of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to be 17 to 27 times higher among incarcerated individuals than in the general US population. To help stem the epidemic of HCV infection in the United States, correctional institutions and public health systems should be integrated. The incarcerated setting represents the first opportunity for many inmates to access health care. Correctional settings offer an important opportunity to diagnose, prevent, and treat HCV infection. In this article, we review HCV screening, testing, and treatment policies in US correctional inst...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Web alertEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-007-0008-5 Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3 / August, 2007
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Viral hepatitis in patients with HIV infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Coinfection with HIV and viral hepatitis substantially alters the natural course of viral hepatitis as well as its management. Therapy for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV-coinfected patients requires consideration of several factors, such as whether the antiviral activity of a particular agent is specific for HBV or for both viruses, the potential for drug resistance and cross-resistance, and the potential for hepatotoxicity. In most trials, response to treatment for infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) seems to be lower in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients than in those infected with ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - April 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C and HIV coinfectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV is common. Studies conducted prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy reported increased HCV liver disease severity in coinfected persons compared with those infected with HCV alone. In the current era, the influences of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy on the natural history of HCV liver disease are less well defined. Peginterferon alfa and ribavirin are the current standard of care in treating HCV, but HIV coinfection is associated with lower response rates to treatment. Further research is needed to enhance our unders...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

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Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-007-0001-zAuthors Naishadh Raghuwanshi, MD, MBA Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 3660 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Email: nraghuwa@slu.edu Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 2 / May, 2007
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Viral kinetics and duration of hepatitis C therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Treatment for hepatitis C is aimed at eliminating the virus and thus preventing the development of cirrhosis. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is based upon inhibition of viral replication and successful viral clearance while maintaining minimal toxicity. Therapy as short as 12 to 16 weeks duration may be adequate for those with genotypes 2 or 3, and 24 weeks may be sufficient for those with genotype 1 and low viral load who achieve rapid virologic response. On the other hand, extension of therapy beyond 48 weeks may be necessary for those with genotype ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Managing hepatitis C in users of illicit drugsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Persons who inject illicit drugs are the group most severely affected by the hepatitis C epidemic but the least likely to receive treatment. Controlling the epidemic will require developing strategies for effectively treating drug users. A growing number of reports have shown that a substantial proportion of drug users treated for hepatitis C can achieve sustained virologic responses even if they have psychiatric comorbidity and even if they continue to use drugs while receiving hepatitis C treatment. Successfully treating hepatitis C in injection drug users requires collaboration between those with...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who are viremic at the time of liver transplantation will have universal recurrence of the virus in the allograft. Long-term survival after transplantation in patients with chronic hepatitis C is diminished as compared with patients who undergo liver transplantation for other indications. The progression of HCV-related fibrosis and the development of cirrhosis appear to be accelerated in the presence of immunosuppression, compared with an immune-competent population. The primary aim of hepatitis C treatment in patients with recurrent hepatitis C infection ...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

The impact of steatosis and alcohol on hepatitis CEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Alcohol consumption and hepatic steatosis interact synergistically with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to accelerate fibrosis progression and reduce the efficacy of standard antiviral therapies. Research aimed at delineating the viral and host interactions involved in the pathogenesis of steatosis in HCV infection may provide novel therapeutic strategies that can modify disease progression and improve treatment response. This review discusses the clinical aspects of HCV fibrosis progression and treatment response in the setting of alcohol use or hepatic steatosis. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

New treatments for hepatitis C: Life cycle lessonsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Despite progressive advances, therapy with interferon and ribavirin has been the mainstay of treatment for chronic hepatitis C for over a decade. With the development of in vitro systems to study viral replication, there have been great advances in the understanding of hepatitis C biology, and these advances, in turn, are allowing the development of specifically targeted antiviral therapies. This review employs our current understanding of the hepatitis C replicative life cycle as a framework on which to discuss new antiviral agents under clinical investigation. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - March 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Current treatment options for HBV infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although the increase in agents approved for treating chronic hepatitis B has expanded the therapeutic options for clinicians treating such patients, it also has made selecting the most appropriate agent in a particular clinical setting significantly more confusing. This review critiques the most recent data regarding the treatment options in different subsets of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (ie, those with chronic hepatitis B, inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, cirrhotics, patients with drug-resistant mutations) and proposes a therapeutic algorithm. Content Type Journal Ar...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - February 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Modern diagnosis of HBV infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The past two decades have seen tremendous advances in our ability to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Newer, more sensitive serologic assays enable accurate detection of HBV markers of infection and enhance our understanding of the natural history of infection. In addition, the advent of molecular diagnostic assays such as polymerase chain reaction has led to the ability to directly determine and quantify HBV DNA in serum and tissue. This review explores the use of serologic and virologic tests in diagnosing HBV infection and presents an algorithm for using these tests to diagnose acute hep...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - February 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

The natural history of chronic HBV infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a disease of worldwide importance that carries considerable morbidity and mortality. The natural course of CHB is characterized by an initial hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive phase marked by immunologic tolerance, high-level viremia, and histologic quiescence, followed by an immune elimination phase of variable duration that is associated with less viremia but increased disease activity, usually resulting in HBeAg clearance. The ensuing HBeAg-negative phase is characterized by even lower or undetectable viremia with biochemical and histologic quiescence. This inact...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - February 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

The new epidemiology of hepatitis B in the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the United States is decreasing, it remains an important health issue, with nearly 2 million people currently infected and a 7% to 30% lifetime mortality rate. Vaccination has markedly decreased the number of acute HBV cases, especially in children and adolescents; however, there continues to be a substantial incidence of new infections in intravenous drug users and persons with high-risk sexual behavior and of newly recognized disease in immigrants. Perinatal transmission has been significantly reduced with universal infant vaccination, and trans...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - February 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

HBV prevalence, natural history, and treatment in India and Indian Americans in the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the epidemiology, natural history, and treatment of hepatitis B in India and Indian Americans. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-009-0005-yAuthors Shiv K. Sarin, G.B. Pant Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Room No. 201, Academic Block New Delhi 110002 IndiaManoj Kumar Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 1 / February, 2009
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - February 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

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Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-008-0027-x Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 7 Journal Issue Volume 7, Number 4 / November, 2008
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C in African AmericansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract African Americans, with treatment failure rates at about 80%, remain one of the most difficult patient groups in which to eradicate hepatitis C. Infection morbidity in this patient population is compounded by limitations on access to specialist care. Preliminary data regarding liver transplantation even suggest that African Americans, relative to Caucasians, have worse outcomes after liver transplantation. Hence, a priority in hepatitis C research remains studying the immunologic mechanisms that affect host-virus interaction and their relevance to viral persistence and interferon response. In this r...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C in children and adolescents: The good, the bad, and the uglyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis C infection in children is a worldwide health problem with a significant economic burden. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease during childhood. Most new pediatric cases in the United States and Europe are transmitted vertically from HCV-infected mothers. Antiviral therapy with interferon and ribavirin should be considered in otherwise healthy children to delay disease progression. New diagnostic techniques and antiviral therapies are emerging and may have an impact on our approach to children with HCV infection. Content Type Jo...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Steatosis in hepatitis C: Mechanisms and basic conceptsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatic steatosis is a frequent histologic finding in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Both host and viral factors contribute to steatogenesis. Recent literature has demonstrated the interaction of viral proteins with hepatic cellular components, resulting in oxidative stress, cytokine release, inflammation, insulin resistance, and disturbance in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. These viral-induced hepatocellular abnormalities thus initiate development of steatosis, worsening fibrosis, poor therapeutic response, and carcinogenesis. Steatosis in hepatitis C appears to be genotype specific and is...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Chronic hepatitis C in minority populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the evidence regarding differences among ethnic and racial groups in CHC characteristics, progression of liver disease, efficacy of therapy, and genetic and immune factors that affect viral clearance and hepatic damage. It also discusses strategies to improve access to and efficacy of available and future CHC treatments for minority populations. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-008-0031-1Authors Maribel Rodríguez-Torres, Fundación de Investigación de Diego Avenue de Diego 359, Suite 302 Santurce 00909 Puerto Rico Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Prin...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatic fibrogenesis is a dynamic process that reflects a balance between matrix synthesis and degradation. An accurate determination of hepatic fibrosis is important in determining prognosis, requirement for therapy, and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C infection. Histologic assessment relies on a liver biopsy, an invasive procedure associated with sampling error and inaccurate staging that provides only a semiquantitative and static measure of fibrosis and inflammatory activity. Several noninvasive tools initially developed and validated in chronic hepatitis C patients are now being appl...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - November 23, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

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Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-008-0021-3 Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 7 Journal Issue Volume 7, Number 3 / August, 2008
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - October 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Hepatitis C viral kinetics in special populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Mathematical models of hepatitis C viral kinetics provide a means of estimating the antiviral effectiveness of therapy, the rate of virion clearance, and the rate of loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cells. They have also proved useful in evaluating the extrahepatic contribution to HCV plasma viremia and have suggested mechanisms of action for interferon-α and ribavirin. Viral kinetic models can explain the observed HCV RNA profiles under treatment—for example, flat partial response, biphasic and triphasic viral decay, and viral rebound. Current therapy with (pegylated) interferon-α and r...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - October 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Chronic hepatitis C in the Latino populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Latinos with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have more rapid progression of fibrosis and decreased response to anti-HCV treatment. The high rates of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, as well as genetic differences, may explain the severity of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in this population. In addition, Latinos encounter substantial barriers to medical care, including language, cultural differences, and socioeconomic factors such as lack of medical insurance. This article reviews evidence regarding the natural history of CHC in Latinos, efficacy of therapy, and possible s...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - October 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Pathogenesis and natural course of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with hepatitis CEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Steatosis is a common histologic feature in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Viral steatosis, seen in genotype 3a, is strongly related to viral replication; metabolic steatosis, reported in genotype 1, has been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. HCV promotes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, increasing free fatty acid synthesis and decreasing lipid oxidation and secretion. Several amino acid changes in core protein have been strongly related to steatosis development; for example, the Y164F change has been related to greater cumulative lipid droplets. Steatos...
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - October 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals

Viral hepatitis in African AmericansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report reviews the current literature regarding acute and chronic viral infections among African Americans and makes recommendations for future public health and research initiatives to improve outcomes in this population. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11901-008-0025-zAuthors Andrea E. Reid, GI Unit GJ724, Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA Journal Current Hepatitis ReportsOnline ISSN 1541-0706Print ISSN 1540-3416 Journal Volume Volume 7 Journal Issue Volume 7, Number 3 / August, 2008
Source: Current Hepatitis Reports - October 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Hepatitis Reports Source Type: journals