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341 records returned

In Vitro Synergistic Activities of Essential Oils and Surfactants in Combination with Cosmetic Preservatives Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study is to evaluate possible synergistic antimicrobial interactions between common cosmetic preservatives and selected essential oils or surfactants. The antimicrobial efficacy of six essential oils, three surfactants and five preservatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43387 was assessed by a broth micro-dilution assay. MICs for individual and combined antimicrobials were determined and then transformed to fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes. All essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity; among surfactants, bacteria resulted most susceptibl...
Source: Current Microbiology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patrone V, Campana R, Vittoria E, Baffone W Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Cyanide on Klebsiella oxytoca.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cyanide has been proved to be degraded by Klebsiella oxytoca. In order to examine the physiological responses of cyanide degradation by this bacterium, two-dimensional (2-DE) electrophoresis approach and MALDI-TOF-MS allow us to identify 106 proteins spots that were significantly altered in the presence of 1 mM cyanide in relative to that in 1 mM ammonia when K. oxytoca grown at the late-log phase. Among them, 27 proteins were successfully identified. These proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, stress responses, oxidation-reduction reaction...
Source: Current Microbiology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tang P, Hseu YC, Chou HH, Huang KY, Chen SC Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Novel Integron Gene Cassette Arrays Identified in a Global Collection of Multi-Drug Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella enterica.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Investigation of integron carriage in a global collection of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica identified 3 unique class 1 integron gene cassette arrays not previously reported in this species. The present study used PCR and DNA sequence analysis to characterize the structure of these gene cassette arrays. A ~4.0 kb integron containing the gene cassette array arr2/cmlA5/bla (OXA10) /aadA1 was found in isolates belonging to serovars Isangi and Typhimurium from South Africa. A ~6.0 kb integron containing the gene cassettes aac(6')IIc/ereA2/IS1247/aac/arr/ereA2 was found in isolates belonging to serovar Heidelberg ...
Source: Current Microbiology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Krauland M, Harrison L, Paterson D, Marsh J Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

The pheV Phenylalanine tRNA Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Is an Integration Hotspot for Possible Niche-Adaptation Genomic Islands.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Horizontally acquired genomic islands may allow bacteria to conquer and colonize previously uncharted niches. Four Klebsiella pneumoniae tRNA gene insertion hotspots (arg6, asn34, met56, and pheV) in 101 clinical isolates derived from blood, sputum, wound, bile or urine specimens were screened by long-range PCR for the presence or absence of integrated islands. The pheV phenylalanine tRNA gene was the most frequently occupied site and harbored at least three entirely distinct types of islands: (1) KpGI-1, a 3.7 kb island coding for four proteins, three of which showed high similarity to two hypothetical proteins and a ...
Source: Current Microbiology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chen N, Ou HY, van Aartsen JJ, Jiang X, Li M, Yang Z, Wei Q, Chen X, He X, Deng Z, Rajakumar K, Lu Y Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Acinetobacter sp. Ud-4 Efficiently Degrades Both Edible and Mineral Oils: Isolation and Characterization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel Acinetobacter strain, Ud-4, possessing a strong capacity to degrade edible, lubricating, and heavy oil was isolated from seawater in a fishing port located in Toyama, Japan. It was identified by morphological and physiological analyses and 16S rDNA sequencing. This strain could utilize five types of edible oils (canola oil, olive oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, and lard), lubricating oil, and C-heavy oil as the sole carbon source for growth in M9 medium. The strain grew well and heavily degraded edible oils in Luria-Bertani medium during a 7-day culture at 25 degrees C; it also degraded all kinds of oils in artif...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tanaka D, Takashima M, Mizuta A, Tanaka S, Sakatoku A, Nishikawa A, Osawa T, Noguchi M, Aizawa SI, Nakamura S Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Expression and Purification of an Antimicrobial Peptide, Bovine Lactoferricin Derivative LfcinB-W10 in Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a method using genetic engineering for obtaining an antimicrobial peptide, bovine lactoferricin derivative peptide LfcinB-W10, has been developed. According to the coden usage of Escherichia coli, a gene encoding the peptide was synthesized and a recombinant vector of E. coli expression pGEX-EN-LFW was constructed. The LfcinB-W10 peptide fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) was successfully expressed and about 20 mg fusion protein with 90% purity was obtained from 1 l culture. The recombinant LfcinB-W10 (rLfcinB-W10) was released from fusion protein by the enterokinase digestion, and about the LfcinB-W...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Feng X, Liu C, Guo J, Bi C, Cheng B, Li Z, Shan A, Li Z Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Helicobacter pylori: Bacterial Factors and the Role of Cytokines in the Immune Response.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative micro-aerophilic bacterium that is widely distributed geographically and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Bacterial virulence factors play an important role, since the virulent strains are more aggressive and increase the risk of developing severe clinical manifestations; in addition, other determinant factors are the nutritional state and the immune response of the host. Studies on humans, non-human primates, and rodents have reported that regulating proteins of the Th1 phenotype predominate in the im...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Romero-Adrián TB, Leal-Montiel J, Monsalve-Castillo F, Mengual-Moreno E, McGregor EG, Perini L, Antúnez A Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Rapid Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Environmental Strains of Vibrio cholerae by Multiplex PCR.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera is ubiquitously distributed in aquatic environment particularly in coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. In the present investigation, a multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of virulence-associated genes (rtxA, tcpA, ctxA, hlyA, and sto) in environmental isolates of V. cholerae. A total of 90 strains isolated from different environmental sources were screened for the presence of virulence-associated genes. Our results showed that this method represents a simple, cost effective, and robust tool for rapid detection of virulence-associated genes. This multipl...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kumar P, Peter WA, Thomas S Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Potentially Pathogenic Acanthamoeba Isolated from a Hospital in Brazil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Studies on free-living amoebae (FLA), has been increased in recent years, especially related to the genus Acanthamoeba, because these organisms are widely found in the environment. The present work isolated and characterized this organism from biofilms and dust in hospital environment. 135 samples were collected in 15 different environments in a hospital at the south of Brazil. Thirty-one (23%) isolates were identified as morphologically belonging to the Acanthamoeba genus and 10 of these were submitted to temperature and osmotolerance tests as criterion for evaluation of the viability and pathogenicity. The tests indi...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Carlesso AM, Artuso GL, Caumo K, Rott MB Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Functional Identification of a Putative beta-Galactosidase Gene in the Special lac Gene Cluster of Lactobacillus acidophilus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the lacZ gene of L. acidophilus was hetero-expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein was purified by a three-step procedure. The product of the lacZ gene was also extracted from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and active staining was carried out. The enzymatic properties of the purified recombinant LacZ were assayed. The results of hetero-expression showed the recombinant LacZ without tag had beta-galactosidase activity. The purified recombinant LacZ had a specific activity of 43.2 U/mg protein. The result of active staining showed that the functional product of the lacZ gene did exist in L. acidophilus. The...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pan Q, Zhu J, Liu L, Cong Y, Hu F, Li J, Yu X Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Role of the Calcium-Binding Residues Asp231, Asp233, and Asp438 in Alpha-Amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as Revealed by Mutational Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Role of the calcium-binding residues Asp231, Asp233, and Asp438 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (BAA) on the enzyme properties was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The calcium-binding residues Asp231, Asp233, and Asp438 were replaced with Asn, Asn, and Gly to produce the mutants D231N, D233N, and D438G, respectively. The mutant amylases were purified to homogeneity and the purified enzymes was estimated to be approximately 58 kDa. The specific activity for the mutant enzyme D233N was decreased by 84.8%, while D231N and D438G showed a decrease of 6.3% and 3.5% to that of the wild-type enzyme, respe...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Liu Y, Shen W, Shi GY, Wang ZX Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Endophytic Bacteria from Ocimum sanctum and Their Yield Enhancing Capabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Endophytes are beneficial microbes that reside intercellularly inside the plants. Interaction of endophytes with the host plants and their function within their host are important to address ecological relevance of endophyte. Four endophytic bacteria OS-9, OS-10, OS-11, and OS-12 were isolated from healthy leaves of Ocimum sanctum. These isolated microbes were screened in dual culture against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium solani, Alternaria solani, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Of these, strain OS-9 was found to be antagonistic to R. solani, A. solani, F. solan...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tiwari R, Kalra A, Darokar MP, Chandra M, Aggarwal N, Singh AK, Khanuja SP Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of the Expression and Protective Potential of Leptospiral Sphingomyelinases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global distribution, which affects both animals and humans. Pathogenic leptospires, the bacteria that cause this disease, require iron for their growth, and these spirochetes probably use their hemolysins, such as the sphingomyelinases, as a way to obtain this important nutrient from host red blood cells during infection. We expressed and purified the leptospiral sphingomyelinases Sph1, Sph2, Sph4, and SphH in a heterologous system. However, the recombinant proteins were not able to lyse sheep erythrocytes, despite having regular secondary structures. Transcripts for all sphingomy...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Carvalho E, Barbosa AS, Gómez RM, Oliveira ML, Romero EC, Gonçales AP, Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Ho PL Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Isolation and Characterization of Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Tunisian Solar Saltern.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study showed that the solar saltern of Sfax is an optimal environment for halophilic bacterial growth, where diverse viable bacterial communities are available and may have many industrial applications. PMID: 19826862 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Baati H, Amdouni R, Gharsallah N, Sghir A, Ammar E Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Characterization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Proteome of Roseobacter denitrificans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The phototrophic capacity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria endows them with a selective advantage over other heterotrophic bacteria in the oligotrophic ocean. Here, we reported the phototrophic features and proteome of an aerobic phototrophic bacterium Roseobacter denitrificans under starvation stress. The fluorescence induction and relaxation measurements suggested that the photosynthetic capacity in R. denitrificans was preserved but was lower than in the photoautotrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The existence of light-harvesting complexes (LH1 and LH2) and the reaction center (RC) in the native ...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tang K, Zong R, Zhang F, Xiao N, Jiao N Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Production of Phenols and Alkyl Gallate Esters by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sheds production of bioactive and their biological exploring molecules. PMID: 19826864 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kumavath RN, Ramana CV, Sasikala C Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Erratum to: Characterization of the Glycine Betaine Biosynthetic Genes in the Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Halobacillus dabanensis D-8(T).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19826865 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gu ZJ, Wang L, Le Rudulier D, Zhang B, Yang SS Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Erratum to: Marinobacterium marisflavi sp. nov., Isolated from a Costal Seawater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19813053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - October 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kim H, Oh HM, Yang SJ, Lee JS, Hong JS, Cho JC Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds Against the Phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Xylella fastidiosa is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in many crop species, which leads to considerable economic loss. Phenolic compounds (a group of secondary metabolites) are widely distributed in plants and have shown to possess antimicrobial properties. The anti-Xylella activity of 12 phenolic compounds, representing phenolic acid, coumarin, stilbene and flavonoid, was evaluated using an in vitro agar dilution assay. Overall, these phenolic compounds were effective in inhibiting X. fastidiosa growth, as indicated by low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In addition, phenolic compounds with diffe...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maddox CE, Laur LM, Tian L Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Erratum to: Role of the Conserved Thr399 and Thr417 Residues of Bacillus licheniformis gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase as Evaluated by Mutational Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19806395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lyu RC, Hu HY, Kuo LY, Lo HF, Ong PL, Chang HP, Lin LL Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Archaeal Diversity in the Haloalkaline Lake Elmenteita in Kenya.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A non-culture approach was used to study the archaeal diversity in Lake Elmenteita, Kenya. Five different sampling points were selected randomly within the lake. Wet sediments and water samples were collected from each sampling point. In addition, dry mud cake was collected from three points where the lake had dried. DNA was extracted from these samples and the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using primers described to be Domain-specific for Archaea. Eleven clone libraries were constructed using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. A total of 1,399 clones were picked and analysed via ARDRA. 170 ARDRA patterns were unique and th...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mwirichia R, Cousin S, Muigai AW, Boga HI, Stackebrandt E Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Type IV Pili of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Are Necessary for Sliding, Twitching Motility, and Adherence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We used conventional methods to investigate the mechanism by which Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans colonizes a solid surface by assessing pili-mediated sliding, twitching motility, and adherence. A. ferrooxidans slided to form circular oxidized zones around each colony. This suggested that slide motility occurs through pili or flagella, though A. ferrooxidans strains ATCC 19859 and ATCC 23270 lack flagella. The results of reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that the putative major pili gene of A. ferrooxidans strains ATCC 19859, ATCC 23270, and BY3 genes were transcribed. Culture of A. ferrooxidans between silicone g...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Li YQ, Wan DS, Huang SS, Leng FF, Yan L, Ni YQ, Li HY Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Expression of Methyl Parathion Hydrolase in Pichia pastoris.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the Pichia pastoris expression system, increasing the copy number of the expression cassette often has the effect of increasing the amount of protein expressed. To improve the expression level of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), we constructed two integration vectors with four and eight direct repeats of the expression cassette using an in vitro multimerization approach. After two successive integrations, at least 12 copies of the MPH expression cassette were integrated into the P. pastoris chromosome. Under shake-flask conditions, over 55 mg active MPH/l was secreted into the medium by the multicopy clones. The ex...
Source: Current Microbiology - October 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yu H, Yan X, Shen W, Hong Q, Zhang J, Shen Y, Li S Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Photoinactivation of Candida albicans by Its Own Endogenous Porphyrins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The possibility of photoeradicating the prokaryotic microorganism Candida albicans by enhancing its endogenous porphyrin production and accumulation was investigated in this study. Induction of porphyrin synthesis was performed by the addition of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or its hydrophobic derivative ALA methyl ester (m-ALA). Photoinactivation of C. albicans was performed under blue light (407-420 nm) illumination. A decrease in viability of about 1.6 or 2.1 orders of magnitudes was obtained with a light dose of 36 J/cm(2) for an initial concentration of 100-mg/ml ALA or m-ALA, respectively. Endogenous porphyri...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Oriel S, Nitzan Y Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Detection of Fiber-Digesting Bacteria in the Ceca of Ostrich Using Specific Primer Sets.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to detect three fibrolytic bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Ruminococcus albus, in the cecal digesta of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) by PCR using a species-specific primer set for each 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA). Although amplified DNA fragments obtained from each primer set had the expected size, the clone library derived from the amplimer contained non-specific sequences. The F. succinogenes-specific primer set recovered a partial 16S rDNA sequence of an uncultivated Fibrobacter with low similarity (<95%) and distantly related phylogenetic po...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Matsui H, Ban-Tokuda T, Wakita M Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Viremia and the Magnitude of the Immune Response upon Infection of Green Monkeys with Dengue Virus Type 2 Are Strain-Dependent.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Testing in non-human primates is a generally accepted necessary step preceding the evaluation of dengue vaccine candidates in humans. A reduction of viremia in these animals after virus challenge is generally used as an indicator of vaccine efficacy. In this work, we compared the infectivity of three strains of dengue virus type 2 in a non-human primate model of dengue infection, with the aim of selecting a virus for vaccine protection studies. As a result, strain SB8553 produced the longest duration of viremia, with a mean of 3 days/animal. In addition, it induced the highest antiviral and neutralizing antibody titers...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Martín J, Hermida L, Castro J, Romero Y, Cardosa J, Guillén G Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Molecular and Biochemical Approaches for Characterization of Antifungal Trait of a Potent Biocontrol Agent Bacillus subtilis RP24.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacillus subtilis strain RP24, isolated from rhizoplane of field grown pigeon pea, exhibited in vitro antagonism against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. An attempt was made to partially purify and characterize the diffusible antifungal metabolite/s produced by the strain RP24 and its negative mutant (NM) in potato dextrose medium. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of partially purified extract of RP24 showed the presence of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin as a major peak that was comparable to that of standard iturin A (5.230 min) from Sigma-Aldrich whereas the corresponding peak was absent in extract ...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Grover M, Nain L, Singh SB, Saxena AK Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

ISSR as New Markers for Identification of Homokaryotic Protoclones of Agaricus bisporus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To accelerate the breeding of Agaricus bisporus, quick and reliable methods to identify the infrequent homokaryons are necessary. A new marker, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting, is described for differentiation of homo- and hetero-karyotic protoclones. Nine slow growing protoclones, two strandy and seven appressed, were analyzed for the first time with ISSR amplifications. The patterns were highly polymorphic and very reproducible. Among 40 primers tested, 7 ISSR primers were selected for the analysis of genomic DNA and generated a total of 68 ISSR fragments. ISSR fingerprinting detected 44.12% polymo...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nazrul MI, Yin-Bing B Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Succinic Acid Production with Actinobacillus succinogenes ZT-130 in the Presence of Succinic Acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucose fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes was carried out at different initial concentrations of succinic acid (SA(0)) to determine its effect on growth and on the production of succinic acid itself. The specific rates of biomass production, succinic, formic and acetic acids decreased with SA(0) (0-40 g/l). The partially dissociated form of succinic acid had a higher effect on cell growth and production of succinic acid as compared to the non-dissociated forms of the acids, a fact that has not been reported until now. Cell growth fitted the Jerusalimski model, and the Aiba-Shoda model was suitable for quant...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Corona-Gonzalez RI, Bories A, González-Álvarez V, Snell-Castro R, Toriz-González G, Pelayo-Ortiz C Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Occurrence of Methanogenic Archaea in Highly Polluted Sediments of Tropical Santos-São Vicente Estuary (São Paulo, Brazil).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, traditional methods for cultivating strictly anaerobic microorganisms were combined with Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to enrich and identify methanogenic Archaea cultures occurring in highly polluted sediments of tropical Santos-São Vicente Estuary (São Paulo, Brazil). Sediment samples were enriched at 30 degrees C under strict anaerobic and halophilic conditions, using a basal medium containing 2% of sodium chloride and amended with glucose, methanol, and sodium salts of acetate, formate and lactate. High methanogenic activity was detected, as evidenced by the biogas contain...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Saia F, Domingues M, Pellizari V, Vazoller R Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Xylitol and Erythritol Decrease Adherence of Polysaccharide-Producing Oral Streptococci.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, both xylitol and erythritol can decrease polysaccharide-mediated cell adherence contributing to plaque accumulation through a mechanism not dependent on growth inhibition. PMID: 19777305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Söderling EM, Hietala-Lenkkeri AM Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Cryptococcus shivajii sp. nov.: A Novel Basidiomycetous Yeast Isolated from Biogas Reactor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Five yeast morphotypes were isolated from biogas reactors at North Wyke Research, Okehampton, UK. Out of the five morphotypes, four were identified as known species. In contrast, the fifth morphotype strain, Bio10(T), was found to differ from Bullera dendrophila and Kwoniella mangroviensis, its closest phylogenetic neighbours, by 2.6-2.9% with respect to the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and by 5.6-6.2% with respect to the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 region. Bio10(T) also differs from these two species by a number of phenotypic characteristics. Thus, based on ...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ravella SR, James SA, Bond CJ, Roberts IN, Cross K, Retter A, Hobbs PJ Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial Activity, Inhibition of Urogenital Pathogens, and Synergistic Interactions Between Lactobacillus Strains.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the bacteriocin-producing strains L23 and L60 are potential candidates for probiotic prophylaxis and treatment of urogenital disorders in women. PMID: 19777307 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ruiz FO, Gerbaldo G, Asurmendi P, Pascual LM, Giordano W, Barberis IL Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Pseudomonas benzenivorans sp. nov. and Pseudomonas saponiphila sp. nov., Represented by Xenobiotics Degrading Type Strains.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated because of their abilities to decompose xenobiotic compounds were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the two strains were found to belong to the genus Pseudomonas. Benzene degrading strain DSM 8628(T) was moderately related to P. flavescens NCPP 3063(T) (98.3% similarity), P. monteilii CIP 104883(T), and P. plecoglossicida FPC 951(T) (98.1%). Strain DSM 9751(T) capable to grow with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as the sole carbon source showed the highest similarity values with P. tremae CFBP 2341(T) and P. meliae ...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lang E, Burghartz M, Spring S, Swiderski J, Spröer C Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Purified Capsular Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A as Immune Potentiator for Antibody Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development of new immune potentiators for human vaccines is an important and expanding field of research. In the present study, the ability of the capsular polysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (CPS-A), a mannose-containing carbohydrate, to enhance the antibody production against a co-administered model vaccine antigen, is examined. A protein-meningococcal serogroup C capsular polysaccharide (CPS-C) conjugate was selected as the model antigen for this study. After subcutaneous immunization of Balb/C mice, the conjugate mixed with CPS-A induced higher anti-CPS-C IgG and IgG(2a) antibody levels and ...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Menéndez T, Carmenate T, Cruz-Leal Y, Coizeau E, Caballero E, Bello D, Guirola M, Alvarez A, Guillén G Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Mediators of Lipid A Modification, RNA Degradation, and Central Intermediary Metabolism Facilitate the Growth of Legionella pneumophila at Low Temperatures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Legionella pneumophila is an aquatic bacterium that is also the agent of Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. Since L. pneumophila is transmitted directly from the environment to the lung, it is important to understand how legionellae survive at low temperatures. To identify genes that are needed for L. pneumophila growth at low temperature, we screened a population of mutagenized legionellae for strains that are specifically impaired for growth at 17 degrees C. From the 7,400 mutants tested, 11 displayed defects ranging from ca. 10-fold to a complete inability to grow at the low temperature. PCR and sequence analysis were...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Söderberg MA, Cianciotto NP Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of SSU rRNA Gene of Five Microsporidia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The complete small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of five microsporidia including Nosema heliothidis, and four novel microsporidia isolated from Pieris rapae, Phyllobrotica armta, Hemerophila atrilineata, and Bombyx mori, respectively, were obtained by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Two phylogenetic trees based on SSU rRNA sequences had been constructed by using Neighbor-Joining of Phylip software and UPGMA of MEGA4.0 software. The taxonomic status of four novel microsporidia was determined by analysis of phylogenetic relationship, length, G+C content, identity, and divergence of the SSU rRNA seque...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dong S, Shen Z, Xu L, Zhu F Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Impact of Neonatal Antibiotic Treatment on the Biodiversity of the Murine Intestinal Lactobacillus Community.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the impact of neonatal amoxicillin treatment on the development of the murine intestinal Lactobacillus community. Suckling BALB/c mice received a daily intragastric gavage of amoxicillin or saline from postnatal day 7 (PND 7) to PND 20. Just after the treatment (PND 21) and 5 weeks later (PND 56), the colon digesta samples were analyzed by Lactobacillus-specific quantitative real-time PCR analysis and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. Real-time PCR results showed that the levels of lactobacilli in the treatment group were similar to those in the control at PND 56. ...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuan J, Wei H, Zeng B, Tang H, Li W, Zhang Z Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Biological Remediation of Groundwater Containing Both Nitrate and Atrazine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Due to its high usage, mobility, and recalcitrant nature, atrazine is a common groundwater contaminant. Moreover, groundwaters that are contaminated with atrazine often contain nitrate as well. Nitrate interferes with the biological degradation of atrazine and makes it more difficult to use in situ biological methods to remediate atrazine contaminated groundwater. To solve this problem we used two reactors in sequence as models of in situ biobarriers; the first was a vegetable-oil-based denitrifying biobarrier and the second an aerobic reactor that oxygenated the denitrifying reactor's effluent. The reactors were inocu...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hunter WJ, Shaner DL Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Diversity in Horse Feces, Revealed by PCR-DGGE.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lactobacillus equi, Lactobacillus hayakitensis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Weissella confusa/cibaria were the dominant species in 12 South African horses. The Bifidobacterium-group was detected in the feces of only one of the 12 horses. Sequencing of the nested-PCR amplicon identified the Bifidobacterium-group as Parascardovia denticolens. Cell numbers of L. equi, L. hayakitensis, and W. confusa/cibaria were consistent in all samples. P. denticolens, Bifidodobacterium pseudolongum, and a phylogenetic relative of Alloscardovia omnicolens were rarely detected. L. equigenerosi, a dominant species in Japanese horses, was...
Source: Current Microbiology - September 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Endo A, Futagawa-Endo Y, Dicks LM Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Viability of Rhodococcus equi and Parascaris equorum Eggs Exposed to High Temperatures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is great concern about the potential pathogen contamination of horse manure compost spread in the same fields horses graze in. To ensure that pathogen destruction occurs, temperatures need to be sufficiently high during composting. Here, we investigated the survival rate of two marker organisms, Rhodococcus equi and Parascaris equorum eggs, exposed to temperatures potentially encountered during horse manure composting. Our results show that the time required to achieve a 1 log10 reduction in R. equi population (D-value) are 17.1 h (+/-1.47) at 45 degrees C, 8.6 h (+/-0.28) at 50 degrees C, 2.9 h (+/-0.04) at 55 d...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hébert L, Cauchard J, Doligez P, Quitard L, Laugier C, Petry S Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Antifungal Metabolites Produced by Bacillus sp. IBA 33.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Antifungal proteins produced by Bacillus sp. IBA 33 were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. The two purified proteins inhibited the growth of Geotrichum candidum, the sour rot disease agent in lemon. The proteins were stable at 20 (3 months), 40, 60 and 100 degrees C (30 min) and remained active after sterilization at 121 degrees C for 15 min. Their hydrophobic nature was proved and when were developed with ninhydrin they did not show any free amino groups. The infrared spectrum showed vibrational modes corresponding to peptide, ester or ketone links and saturated CH lin...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maldonado MC, Corona J, Gordillo MA, Navarro AR Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Current Progress on Butyric Acid Production by Fermentation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several issues of butyric acid production with bacteria through fermentation are presented in this review. The current progress including the utilization of butyric acid, the production strains, the metabolic pathway, and regulation are presented in the paper. Process operation modes such as batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation are being discussed. Genetic engineering technologies for microbial strain improvement are also being discussed and fermentation systems have been recommended. PMID: 19727942 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhang C, Yang H, Yang F, Ma Y Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Investigation of the Cytotoxicity of Antimicrobial Peptide P40 on Eukaryotic Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The in vitro cytotoxicity of the antimicrobial peptide P40 was investigated. The food grade bacteriocin nisin was also analyzed for comparison. VERO cells were treated with different concentrations (0.02-2.5 mug ml(-1)) of nisin and P40, and cell viability and plasma membrane integrity were checked by MTT, neutral red uptake (NRU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. In MTT and NRU assays the EC(50) to the purified peptide P40 were 0.30 and 0.51 mug ml(-1), while values found to nisin were 0.35 and 0.79 mug ml(-1), respectively. In the LDH assay, the EC(50) was 0.57 and 0.62 mug ml(-1) for P40 and nisin, respective...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vaucher RA, Teixeira ML, Brandelli A Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Regulation of Sulfur Assimilation Pathways in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Upon Up-Shift High Osmotic Treatment: The Role of UhpA Revealed Through Transcriptome Profiling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we first found that uhpA involved in regulating sulfur assimilation pathways upon up-shift high osmotic treatment for 30 min, which will further promote our insights into the regulator network of S. Typhi. PMID: 19727945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheng X, Huang X, Li J, Xie X, Xu S, Zhang H, Xu H Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Motility Revertants of opgGH Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Remain Defective in Mice Virulence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We recently demonstrated that osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are required for optimal mouse virulence. However, lack of OPGs also generated pleiotropic phenotypes such as reduced motility and slower growth rate under hypoosmotic growth conditions. Whether the observed suboptimal virulence of opg mutants was due to reduced motility was investigated by isolating fully motile revertants of opgGH mutants. Motility revertants remained defective in OPGs synthesis and restitution of motility did not restore mouse virulence. In Escherichia coli, inactivation of rcsB, rcsD, a...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kannan P, Dharne M, Smith A, Karns J, Bhagwat AA Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Poly-beta-Hydroxyalkanoate Exert a Protective Effect Against Carbon Starvation and Frozen Conditions in Sphingopyxis chilensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several bacterial species have developed physiological response to avoid the cellular damage when are exposed to carbon starvation or frozen stress. For example survival to inanition has been related to endogenous substrates consumptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate if poly-beta-hydroxylkanoates (PHA) consumption enable Sphingopyxis chilensis S37 to survive under carbon starvation or frozen condition. Bacterial cells were grown in R(2)A broth for 48 h, and suspended in mineral saline solutions, without carbon source. The cellular suspension was incubated for 48 or 120 h at 30 degrees C, followed by a frozen p...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pavez P, Castillo JL, González C, Martínez M Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

The Distinct Quorum Sensing Hierarchy of las and rhl in Pseudomonas sp. M18.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pseudomonas sp. M18 is a rhizosphere isolate capable of producing two kinds of antifungal agents: phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and pyoluteorin. Recently, the two well-studied quorum sensing (QS) systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, LasR/LasI and RhlR/RhlI, have also been identified in this strain. However, in this study, through the use of lacZ translational fusion expression analysis and acyl-homoserine lactone thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioassays, we clearly display a more complex and distinctive hierarchy of the las and rhl QS systems in strain M18. In this QS cascade, expression of rhlI was negatively contr...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lu J, Huang X, Zhang M, Li S, Jiang H, Xu Y Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Biocontrol Ability of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 Against Phytophthora Blight Is Mediated by the Production of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid and Several Lytic Enzymes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have isolated a strain of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 from rhizosphere and demonstrate its antifungal activity against various pathogens including Phytophthora capsici, a destructive pathogen of pepper plants. L. antibioticus HS124 produced lytic enzymes such as chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, lipase, protease, and an antibiotic compound. This antibiotic compound was purified by diaion HP-20, silica gel, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified compound was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by gas chromatography-electron ionization (GC-EI) and g...
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ko HS, Jin RD, Krishnan HB, Lee SB, Kim KY Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals

Cys92, Cys101, Cys197, and Cys203 Are Crucial Residues for Coordinating the Iron-Sulfur Cluster of RhdA from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, RhdA gene from A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, the protein was purified by one-step affinity chromatography to homogeneity. The UV-Vis scanning and EPR spectra results indicated that the wild-type proteins contained an iron-sulfur cluster. Site-directed mutagenesis results revealed that the four cysteines Cys92, Cys101, Cys197, and Cys203 were crucial residues for iron-sulfur cluster binding. PMID: 19727950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)
Source: Current Microbiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dai Y, Liu J, Zheng C, Wu A, Zeng J, Qiu G Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: journals