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Neurogenic stunned myocardiumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Neurogenic stunned myocardium may be defined as myocardial injury and dysfunction occurring after diverse types of acute brain injury as a result of imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. The spectrum of observed cardiac abnormalities includes electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmia, myocardial necrosis, release of B-type natriuretic peptide, and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. These are reversible abnormalities, and although management should include careful cardiac monitoring, treatments should generally focus on the underlying neurologic process to maximize neu...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Management and prevention of human prion diseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurologic disorders that affect humans and animals and for which there is no available therapy. The basic pathogenic mechanism is linked to posttranslational changes of the host cellular prion protein (PrPc) into a pathologic conformer (PrPTSE) that has a strong tendency to aggregate and form amyloid fibrils. In humans, the most common form of the disease is sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which equally affects females and males of all ages and all ethnic groups. Sporadic CJD has an overall mortality rate of approximately one to two cases per million peo...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Recent advances in the understanding of neglect and anosognosia following right hemisphere strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article highlights the latest findings regarding the cognitive-behavioral syndromes of neglect and anosognosia for hemiplegia that occur following right hemisphere stroke. We review papers published in the past 2 years pertaining to neurophysiology, assessment, and intervention for these two syndromes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0068-8Authors Kathleen Kortte, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps 174 Baltimore MD 21205 USAArgye E. Hillis Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Management of intracranial pressureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although intracranial hypertension may arise from diverse pathology, several basic principles remain paramount to understanding its dynamics; however, the management of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) may be very complex. Initial management of common ICP exacerbants is important, such as addressing venous outflow obstruction with upright midline head positioning and treating agitation and pain with sedation and analgesia. Surgical decompression of mass effect may rapidly improve ICP elevation, but the impact on outcome is unclear. Considerable effort has been put forth to understand the roles o...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Research with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present language results from our rTMS studies as well as imaging results from overt naming functional MRI scans obtained before and after a series of rTMS treatments. Part 3 presents results from a pilot study in which rTMS treatments were followed immediately by constraint-induced language therapy. Part 4 reviews our diffusion tensor imaging study examining the possible connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus to different parts of Broca’s area (pars triangularis, pars opercularis) and to the ventral premotor cortex. The potential role of mirror neurons in the right pars opercularis and ventral premotor cortex in...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Biological approaches to aphasia treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of neural regeneration and repair and attempt to correlate findings from animal models of stroke recovery with clinical trials for aphasia. Several randomized controlled clinical trials involving manipulation of different neurotransmitter systems, including noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic systems, have shown signals of efficacy. Biological approaches such as anti-Nogo and cell replacement therapy have shown efficacy in preclinical models but have yet to reach proof of concept in the clinic. Finally, noninvasive cortical stim...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Vascular dementia: A review of recent evidence for prevention and treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Vascular dementia is a common cause of late-life cognitive decline. Vascular risk factors, transient is chemic attacks, silent and clinically evident strokes, and ischemic changes on brain imaging studies are all associated with the development of dementia. Prevention of vascular dementia involves treatment of risk factors and the same preventive measures used to avoid heart attacks and strokes. Other treatments for vascular dementia, although promising, remain unproved. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0065-yAuthors Howard S. Kirshner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Depa...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Neurologic manifestations of varicella zoster virus infectionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes acute viral exanthema in childhood, becomes latent, and can reactivate years later to produce neurologic disease. Primary VZV infection is associated with acute cerebellitis and stroke, particularly in childhood. VZV reactivation may result in neuropathy, myelitis, stroke, and encephalitis, the latter two syndromes the result of small and large vessel vasculopathy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to minimize morbidity in herpes zoster as well as morbidity and death in VZV vasculitis and encephalitis. Detection of anti-VZV antibodies in cerebrospinal fl...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Status epilepticusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) still results in significant mortality and morbidity. Whereas mortality depends mainly on the age of the patient as well as etiology, morbidity often results from a myriad of complications that occur during prolonged admission to an intensive care environment. Although SE is a clinical diagnosis in most cases (convulsant), its treatment requires support by continuous electroencephalographic recording to ensure cessation of potential nonconvulsive elements of SE. Treatment must be initiated as early as possible and consists of benzodiazepine administration and supportive measu...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

A cytomegalovirus vaccineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0072-zAuthors Burk Jubelt, Department of Neurology at SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

TDP-43 and frontotemporal dementiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract TAR DNA-binding protein of about 43 kDa (TDP-43) is the main ubiquitinated peptide in tau-negative frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TDP-43 is typically a nuclear protein, and its aggregation and cytoplasmic translocation are thought to represent major steps in the pathogenesis of FTLD due to TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP). Certain clinical syndromes of frontotemporal dementia are preferentially associated with pathologic findings of FTLD-TDP, and TDP-43 pathology represents the connection between FTLD-TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent advances in clinical, genetic, and patholog...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Neuro-ophthalmology and the anti-GQ1b antibody syndromesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article aims to bring together the historically disparate opinions on the origins of these syndromes as either a purely peripheral nervous system or central nervous system dysfunction, highlight the clinical neuro-ophthalmologic signs, discuss some of the biology of the anti-GQ1b antibody, and review imaging abnormalities and treatment of this fascinating disorder. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0055-0Authors Robert F. Saul, University of Mississippi Medical Center Department of Neurology 2500 North State Street Jackson MS 39216 USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOn...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

An update on treatment and prevention strategies for Alzheimer’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses recent data on treatment strategies targeting amyloid and tau pathology. Novel therapeutic strategies such as inhibitors of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), potential mitochondrial modification with Dimebon, anti-inflammatory approaches, and cholesterol-lowering agents are also reviewed. An update on results from pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic prevention trials is provided. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0054-1Authors Judith NeugroschlMary Sano, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center 130 Kingsbridge Road, Room 1F01 Bronx NY 10468 USA ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: The mitochondrial hypothesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, affecting more than 2 million people worldwide. Traditionally considered an inflammatory demyelinating disease, recent evidence now points to axonal degeneration as crucial to the development of irreversible disability. Studies show that axonal degeneration occurs throughout the entire course of MS. Although the specific mechanisms causing axonal damage may differ at various stages, mitochondrial failure seems to be a common underlying theme. This review addresses the mitochondrial hypothesis for axonal degeneration in MS, h...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Selected lid problems in neurologic practiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews recent literature on some causes of ptosis and other lid conditions. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0057-yAuthors Gregory S. Kosmorsky, Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code I-30 Cleveland OH 44195 USAAlyssa Fiddler Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Epstein-barr virus in multiple sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Recent seroepidemiologic and pathologic evidence suggests that prior infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). EBV infects more than 90% of all humans, most of whom remain healthy. In contrast, 99% of MS patients have evidence of prior infection with EBV. EBV infects resting B lymphocytes, immortalizing them into long-lived memory B cells that survive largely undetected by the immune system in the peripheral circulation. MS patients show elevated titers to EBV years before developing any neurologic symptoms. Postmortem pathologic analysi...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Gray matter pathology and multiple sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Gray matter demyelination is frequent and extensive in most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has recently received much attention in neuropathologic and imaging studies. Gray matter lesions show distinct pathologic features that make their detection difficult with conventional imaging techniques. Thus, despite their high prevalence, their impact on clinical symptoms has not been defined well so far. This review focuses on recent information from pathologic and imaging studies and summarizes our current knowledge on cortical pathology derived from human and experimental studies. Content T...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Update on amyloid imaging: From healthy aging to Alzheimer’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on the current state of in vivo amyloid imaging. Although this technique is less than a decade old, a wealth of information is emerging as the initial clinical studies are being reported. Imaging of patients with Alzheimer’s disease has allowed quantitative exploration of the natural history of amyloid deposition and its relationship to neurodegeneration. Amyloid imaging also shows significant promise in the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or atypical dementias. However, amyloid detection may be of greatest utility in healthy elderly persons; consistent with prior autopsy studies, a sign...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Current pharmacologic testing for horner syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract First described in 1727, Horner syndrome occurs from injury to one of the three neurons in the oculo-sympathetic pathway. Its presence can be confirmed with pharmacologic testing, traditionally including cocaine testing with hydroxyamphetamine localization. More recently, apraclonidine testing has become a viable alternative in some practices. Concern has been raised regarding the possibility of false-negative results with apraclonidine testing as well as the safety of its use in young children. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0056-zAuthors Mansoor MughalReid Longmuir, The Uni...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Immunologically mediated dementiasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although most dementias are due to neurodegenerative or vascular disease, it is important to diagnose immunologically mediated dementias quickly because they can be both rapidly progressive and readily treatable. They usually affect function of limbic and cortical structures, but subcortical involvement can also occur. Because of the variety of symptoms and the rapid course, these dementias present a particular challenge to the clinician and may require evaluation and intervention in the inpatient setting. Diagnostic workup typically reveals evidence of an autoimmune process and, in some cases, canc...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0062-1Authors Dennis Bourdette, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Neurology Portland OR USAVijayshree Yadav, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Neurology Portland OR USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Treating CNS sarcoidosis with infliximab and mycophenolate mofetilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0061-2Authors James Corbett, University of Mississippi Medical Center Department of Neurology Jackson MS USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Cell-based therapies in Parkinson’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The possibility of using stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease has excited physicians and patients alike. However, after many encouraging open-label studies of fetal cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease, three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies found no net benefit. In addition, patients in two of the studies developed dyskinesias that persisted despite reductions in medication. To realize the promise of stem cells, research has been undertaken to understand and overcome the dual problems of unpredictable benefit and troublesome dyskinesias after dopaminergic cell tra...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Bioequivalence of antiepileptic drugs: How close is close enough?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews current regulatory requirements and pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical, and clinical outcome issues that clinicians, pharmacists, and policymakers should consider regarding generic substitution of these complicated agents. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0050-5Authors Barry E. Gidal, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy and Department of Neurology 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

A controlled trial of antidepressants in patients with Parkinson’s disease and depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0038-1Authors John C. MorganKapil D. Sethi Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Is it time for drug sensitivity genetic screening?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0040-7Authors Carl W. Bazil Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Paraneoplastic movement disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (NPSs) result from damage to the nervous system due to the remote effects of cancer not related to metastasis, infection, or metabolic derangements. NPSs are rare, affecting 1 in 10,000 patients with cancer. Pathogenesis is likely related to the immune mechanisms: normal neural tissue is mistakenly attacked due to the similarity in the onconeural antigens expressed by the tumor cells. Among the various “classic” and other NPSs, this review focuses on paraneoplastic movement disorders, including ataxia due to cerebellar degeneration, stiffperson syndrome, opsoc...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Depression and epilepsy: Do glucocorticoids and glutamate explain their relationship?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy, but it remains underrecognized and undertreated. In addition to its negative impact on quality of life, depressive disorders are predictive of a worse response to pharmacologic and surgical treatment of seizure disorders. This phenomenon is probably an expression of a bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and depression, which in turn is indicative of common pathogenic mechanisms that are operant in the two conditions. The abnormal role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is one of the common pathogenic mecha...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

What’s new in dystonia?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews relevant recent findings in dystonia. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0042-5Authors Vicki Shanker, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Beth Israel Medical Center 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J New York NY 10003 USASusan B. Bressman Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

New insights into the organization of the basal gangliaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Understanding the functional organization of the basal ganglia requires a broad array of complementary theoretical models. Although the basal ganglia operate as part of a system of parallel cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops, there is clearly integration between the loops and there are probably more of these loops than previously conceived. Moreover, modulation by external inputs, particularly from the brainstem (eg, pedunculopontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus) adds to the complexity of the system. We now appreciate that the organization of the basal ganglia is not static a...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Epilepsy in the developing worldEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Developing countries (DCs) and developed countries have geographic, economic, and social differences. The prevalence and incidence of epilepsy are higher in DCs than in developed countries. However, within DCs, given the high incidence of epilepsy, the prevalence is relatively low, which may be due to high mortality for people with epilepsy (PWE). Neurocysticercosis is one of the main causes of symptomatic epilepsy in many DCs. Prognosis in DCs seems similar to that in developed countries. Because phenobarbital and phenytoin are available and inexpensive, they are the drugs most often used in DCs. T...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Bilateral deep brain stimulation versus best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0039-0Authors Shyamal H. MehtaKapil D. Sethi Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

An update on essential tremorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Essential tremor is a well-defined syndrome of postural and kinetic tremor in a characteristic distribution. In some patients, impaired tandem walking, intention tremor, and rest tremor are also seen. An increasing body of clinical, neuropathological, and epidemiologic evidence suggests that essential tremor is a heterogeneous disorder. The evidence is discussed in this update. Recent advances in the treatment of this condition are also reviewed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0041-6Authors Rodger J. Elble, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine PO Box 19643 Springfi...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Alternative approaches to epilepsy treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the CAM modalities of meditation, yoga, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, nutritional and herbal supplements, dietary measures, chiropractic care, acupuncture, Reiki, and homeopathy and what is known about their potential efficacy in patients with epilepsy. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0047-0Authors Caitlin McElroy-Cox, Columbia University, Neurologic Institute Columbia Comprehensive Epilepsy Center 710 West 168th Street, 7th Floor New York NY 10032 USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Vo...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

An update on brain stimulation for epilepsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Brain stimulation for epilepsy has been explored for decades. Nevertheless, this area has traditionally been associated with small poorly controlled trials, inconsistent results, and a resultant lack of widespread use of these technologies. Due to the success of deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and unprecedented advances in computer technology and bioengineering, brain stimulation recently has again generated great interest in epilepsy care. Several large-scale, randomized, blinded, multicenter trials have been conducted; the most up-to-date findings are summarized in this article. Thes...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Is GIGYF2 the defective gene at the PARK11 locus?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The number of genes and loci for Parkinson’s disease was expanded during 2008. Among the most interesting findings of the year was the nomination of GIGYF2 as the gene that is defective at the PARK11 locus and is a potentially frequent cause of typical Parkinson’s disease. However, the optimism generated by the initial report has quickly been tempered by results obtained in the first wave of follow-up studies. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0028-3Authors Vincenzo Bonifati, Erasmus Medical Center Department of Clinical Genetics Box 2040 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Neurofibromatosis type 1 and associated malignanciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder with a predisposition to the development of benign and malignant tumors. Mutations in the NF1 gene result in loss of function of neurofibromin, a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that helps maintain the proto-oncogene Ras in its inactive form. Loss of neurofibromin results in increased proliferation and tumorigenesis. As a result, people with NF1 are at increased risk for the development of nervous and non-nervous system malignancies. Malignancy is a major source of morbidity and mortality in NF1. The na...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Gross total resection of low-grade glioma in adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0027-4Authors Lauren E. Abrey Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 3 / May, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse: Challenges in brain tumor imagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the challenges of brain tumor imaging and its use in assessment of treatment response. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0035-4Authors Jennifer L. Clarke, University of California-San Francisco Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-oncology 400 Parnassus Avenue, A-808 Box 0372 San Francisco CA 94143 USASusan Chang Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 3 / May, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Management of brain metastasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Brain metastases represent a common and devastating complication of cancer. With advances in surgery, radiology, and medical and radiation oncology, the number of treatment options have greatly increased. In addition, the prognosis for patients can vary widely depending on factors such as the number of lesions, extent of extracranial disease, age, and functional status. Recently, the possible impairment of whole brain radiation therapy on neurocognitive function has been a subject of concern and debate. Thus, the use of whole brain radiation therapy in conjunction with other treatment modalities sho...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Advances in meningioma therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Most of them are benign (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I), slow-growing lesions, but some are classified as atypical (WHO grade II) or malignant (WHO grade III). Surgical resection is curative when complete removal of a benign meningioma is possible. Incompletely resected tumors and high-grade lesions are frequently treated with fractionated radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. Radiotherapy effectively reduces recurrence rates with limited toxicity. High-grade meningiomas tend to recur following maximal treatment with surg...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial dynamics and neurodegenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Mitochondria are key organelles in eukaryotic cells that not only generate adenosine triphosphate but also perform such critical functions as hosting essential biosynthetic pathways, calcium buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In vivo, mitochondria form dynamic networks that undergo frequent morphologic changes through fission and fusion. In neurons, the imbalance of mitochondrial fission/fusion can influence neuronal physiology, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, and affect neuronal survival. Core components of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery have been identified through genet...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Recent advances in the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with a low survival rate beyond 5 years from symptom onset. Although the genes that cause most cases of ALS are still unknown, several important genetic discoveries have been made recently that will bring substantial insight into some of the mechanisms involved in ALS. Mutations in two genes with related functions were recently reported in patients with familial ALS: the FUS/TLS gene at the ALS6 locus on chromosome 16 and the TARDBP gene at the ALS10 locus on chromosome 1. In addition, the first wave of genomewide associa...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Genetics of paroxysmal dyskinesiasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by sudden attacks of involuntary movements that are mostly a combination of dystonia, chorea, athetosis, and ballism. They can sometimes be symptomatic, but usually an underlying cerebral lesion is not present. Most PDs have a genetic background and are divided into kinesigenic, nonkinesigenic, and exercise-induced forms. Recently, the first genes have been identified for paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (MR1) and paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) (SLC2A1). Whereas the function of the MR-1 protein and the...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Genetics of autism spectrum disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a clinically complex group of childhood disorders that have firm evidence of an underlying genetic etiology. Many techniques have been used to characterize the genetic bases of ASDs. Linkage studies have identified several replicated susceptibility loci, including 2q24–2q31, 7q, and 17q11–17q21. Association studies and mutation analysis of candidate genes have implicated the synaptic genes NRXN1, NLGN3, NLGN4, SHANK3, and CNTNAP2 in ASDs. Traditional cytogenetic approaches highlight the high frequency of large chromosomal abnormalities (3%–7% of patients), ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for malignant gliomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Glioblastomas are among the most vascular tumors because they oversecrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent stimulator of angiogenesis. Consequently, new drug regimens are being developed to target the VEGF signaling pathway in an attempt to halt tumor growth. Antibodies that bind VEGF, decoy molecules that sequester VEGF, and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block receptor activation are being tested. Preliminary results with these agents have been promising, with prolonged progression-free survival reported. The antipermeability effects of anti-VEGF agents have impo...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - April 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A thunderclap headache-associated conditionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by a sudden, severe headache at onset, vascular narrowing involving the circle of Willis and its immediate branches, and angiographic evidence of vasoconstriction reversibility within minutes to weeks of onset. RCVS is underrecognized and often misdiagnosed; it can defy clinical detection because it can mimic common conditions such as migraine and ischemic stroke. A lack of shared nosology has hampered awareness and understanding of the syndrome. Clinicians must consider primary angiitis of the central nervous system because of it...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - March 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Status epilepticus in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article highlights the epidemiology of status epilepticus, both convulsive and nonconvulsive, in children. It also reviews the recommended medications for first-line treatment of status epilepticus and refractory status epilepticus. Emphasis is placed on future pharmacotherapies and consideration of neurosurgical intervention when indicated. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0022-9Authors Rani K. SinghWilliam D. Gaillard, Children’s National Medical Center 111 Michigan Avenue NW Washington, DC 20010 USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - March 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals

Neurostimulation for primary headache disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the theorized mechanisms of action of these novel treatment modalities and summarizes current knowledge regarding safety and efficacy of neurostimulation for the treatment of headache. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11910-009-0017-6Authors Todd J. Schwedt, Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Avenue Campus Box 8111 St. Louis MO 63110 USA Journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6293Print ISSN 1528-4042 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 2 / March, 2009 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - March 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Source Type: journals