The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBy providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field.Recent FindingsAdipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, a...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 12, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Specific and Non-specific Aspects and Future Challenges of ICU Care Among COVID-19 Patients with Obesity: A Narrative Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSince the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected nearly 800 million people and caused almost seven million deaths. Obesity was quickly identified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, ICU admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ support including mechanical ventilation and prolonged length of stay. The relationship among obesity; COVID-19; and respiratory, thrombotic, and renal complications upon admission to the ICU is unclear.Recent FindingsThe predominant effect of a hyperinflammatory status or a cytokine storm has been suggested in patients with ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 4, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Alcohol Drinking Impacts on Adiposity and Steatotic Liver Disease: Concurrent Effects on Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Risks
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis integrative search aimed to provide a scoping overview of the relationships between the benefits and harms of alcohol drinking with cardiovascular events as associated to body fat mass and fatty liver diseases, as well as offering critical insights for precision nutrition research and personalized medicine implementation concerning cardiovascular risk management associated to ethanol consumption.Recent FindingsFrequent alcohol intake could contribute to a sustained rise in adiposity over time. Body fat distribution patterns (abdominal/gluteus-femoral) and intrahepatic accumulation of lipids ha...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 23, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest
This study is to examine potential micronutrient deficiencies and any need for supplementation in children following specific diet plans in the first 1000 days of life.Recent FindingsOptimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life has a lifelong positive impact on child development. Specific intrauterine and perinatal factors, pathological conditions, and dietary restrictions can represent potential risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days of life, which can have negative systemic con sequences. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants are intrinsically at risk because of immature body systems. ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 21, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Adjuvant and Neo-Adjuvant Anti-Obesity Medications and Bariatric Surgery: A Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo comprehensively summarize the current body of literature on the topic of adjuvant and neoadjuvant pharmacotherapy used in combination with bariatric surgery.Recent FindingsAnti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been used since the mid-1900s; however, their use in combination with bariatric surgery is a newer area of research that is rapidly growing. Pharmacotherapy may be used before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) bariatric surgery. Recent literature suggests that adjuvant AOMs may address weight regain and inadequate weight loss following bariatric surgery. Research on neoadjuvant AOM used to ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 20, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Effects of Calorie Restriction on Preserving Male Fertility Particularly in a State of Obesity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHighlight the importance of exploring nutritional interventions that could be applied as alternative or supplementary therapeutic strategies to enhance men ’s fertility.Recent FindingsLifestyle choices have prompted extensive discussions regarding its implications and applications as a complementary therapy. The growing concern over the decline in sperm quality underscores the urgency of investigating these alternative interventions. Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising strategy to imp rove male fertility. While the efficacy of CR depends on factors like age, ethnicity, and genet...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 15, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Role of Glucocorticoids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo summarize published data on the association between glucocorticoids and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on the possible pathophysiological links and related treatment considerations.Recent FindingsGlucocorticoids, commonly used for managing many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. Glucocorticoids may induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, thus increasing systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, a hallmark of MASLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids increase adipose tissue lipo...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 8, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Behavioral Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAround 80 –90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese, presenting a greater risk for serious health complications and mortality. Thus, weight loss represents a main goal for T2DM management. Although behavioral lifestyle interventions (BLIs) could help promoting weight lo ss in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity, their effectiveness is still controversial. This systematic review offers an updated and comprehensive picture of BLIs according to Michie’s classification in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity and identifies possible factors (related to ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - March 4, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Weight Gain in Midlife Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize the evidence and clinical implications of weight and body composition changes during midlife in women and provide an overview of weight gain prevention and management in this population.Recent FindingsAging-related changes such as decreased energy expenditure and physical activity are important culprits for weight gain in midlife women. The hormonal changes of menopause also influence body adiposity distribution and increase central adiposity. These body changes can have health consequences including the development of cardiometabolic diseases, osteoarthritis, cancer, worsening in cogn...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - February 28, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Update on Endoscopic Treatments for Obesity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIncreased morbidity seen with rising obesity rates continues to place an unheralded burden on our health system. Lack of higher bariatric surgery utilization and limitations with lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy highlights the need for additional therapies for obesity. Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMT) are effective, safe treatments for obesity. Current FDA-approved EBMT are confined to gastric modalities while small bowel directed therapies are still considered investigational. This review highlights current modalities of EBMT.Recent FindingsMany randomized controlled t...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - February 23, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder Across the Lifespan: An Updated Review of the Literature and Considerations for Future Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present review describes the recent literature on treatment for binge-eating disorder (BED) in adults and youth, with a particular focus on research gaps, emerging treatments, and future research directions.Recent FindingsEvidence supports the efficacy of several treatment modalities in adults, including self-help treatment, clinician-led psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy; the largest effect sizes have been found for psychotherapies, most of which were cognitive-behavioral in orientation. Adapted psychotherapies for youth also show promise but lack a robust body of evidence. Predictors, modera...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - February 16, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
A Comprehensive Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis
AbstractSyndromic obesity refers to obesity occurring with additional clinical findings, such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations.Purpose of ReviewTo present a narrative review regarding the genetic etiology, clinical description, and molecular diagnosis of syndromic obesity, which is a rare condition with high phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. The following syndromes are presented in this review: Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Alstr öm, Smith-Magenis, Cohen, Temple, 1p36 deletion, 16p11.2 microdeletion, Kleefstra,SIM1-rel...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 26, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Media Literacy Practices to Prevent Obesity and Eating Disorders in Youth
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity and eating disorders share common issues related to media use and effects, especially in the USA. Current research increasingly demonstrates that media literacy can address this problem. This narrative review highlights current media literacy –based research for obesity and eating disorder prevention among youth.Recent FindingsCurrent research using media literacy techniques to prevent obesity indicates that these interventions improve nutrition outcomes, improve family communication about food, improve critical thinking about food advertisements, reduce sugar and fat intake, and reduce s...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 6, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Children: Current Practices and Outcomes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will examine the most current evidence for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) in the pediatric population, specifically in terms of weight loss outcomes and improvement in comorbid conditions and complications. Additionally, we compare surgical and non-surgical interventions, review current guidelines, and propose a stepwise evidence-based approach to the management of obesity in children.Recent FindingsMBS is a safe option for appropriately selected pediatric patients which leads to significant and sustained weight loss. This weight loss is associated with improvement of related com...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Single Anastomosis Duodenoileostomy with Sleeve: A Comprehensive Review of Anatomy, Surgical Technique, and Outcomes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSingle anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve (SADI-S) is a recently endorsed metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedure in the US. Despite its favorable characteristics, the utilization of SADI-S remains limited, accounting for a mere 0.25% of all MBS procedures performed. This review aims to offer an updated examination of the technique, while also presenting the safety and outcomes associated with SADI-S on both the short and long term.Recent FindingsThe safety of SADI-S is well-established, with short-term complication rates as low as 2.6%. A common channel length of 300 cm has cons...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
