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Diet and the microbiota–gut–brain-axis: a primer for clinical nutrition
Purpose of review Diet is an essential modulator of the microbiota–gut–brain communication in health and disease. Consequently, diet-induced microbiome states can impact brain health and behaviour. The integration of microbiome into clinical nutrition perspectives of brain health is sparse. This review will thus focus on emerging evidence of microbiome-targeted dietary approaches with the potential to improve brain disorders. Recent findings Research in this field is evolving toward randomized controlled trials using dietary interventions with the potential to modulate pathways of the microbiota–gut–brai...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolic health: novel insights
Purpose of review This review aims to discuss the potential roles of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, to provide the latest evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, and to highlight novel insights into this field. Recent findings Higher dietary or circulating ω-3 PUFA levels are related to a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. Novel findings in obesity indicate higher proportions of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs, a modulated oxylipin profile and an altered transcriptome in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, that seem resi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

Effects of micronutrient and phytochemical supplementation on cardiovascular health in obese and overweight children: a narrative review
Purpose of review Cardiovascular damage could begin early in life. Our aim was to examine the current state of the art related to micronutrient supplementation on vascular health in obese and overweight children. We considered only the studies performed over the past few years. Recent findings Vitamin D supplementation in the obese pediatric population with vitamin D deficiency could improve the vascular health of these subjects. The evidence is less clear on supplementation with other micronutrients. Zinc supplementation is currently the most supported by the literature. Summary As of today, we can only ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

The role of dietary plant and animal protein intakes on mitigating sarcopenia risk
Purpose of review To highlight contemporary findings comparing the digestibility of animal and plant proteins, their stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis, and associations with sarcopenia. Recent findings Animal proteins are more digestible than plant proteins, resulting in greater amino acid availability and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. However, isolated plant proteins, plant protein blends, and modified plant proteins enriched with indispensable amino acids can elicit comparable digestion and absorption kinetics to animal proteins. More research is needed to determine whether these modif...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

Editorial: The double burn of malnutrition: the place of key nutrients revisited
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

The anti-inflammatory effects of a Mediterranean diet: a review
Purpose of review Chronic noncommunicable diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the majority are preventable with a healthy diet and lifestyle, but controversy remains as to the best approach. Greater adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet has consistently been associated with lower morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many cancers, and lower all-cause mortality. Despite the well known benefits on chronic disease risk there remains some scepticism as to the effects of this dietary pattern across populations outside the Mediterranean and the mechan...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Nutrition and behavior change: a review of recent literature
Purpose of review The current article will highlight recent trends and novel approaches to behavior change strategies in nutrition. Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals play key roles in counseling patients on lifestyle change, which is critical for patients with chronic conditions. Nutrition science continues to advance, and new approaches to behavior change are needed for successful implementation at the individual and population level. Recent findings The solutions to obstacles around healthful eating patterns are varied, population-dependent, and require a multipronged approach. One area of...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Collagen peptide supplementation for pain and function: is it effective?
Purpose of review Connective tissue injuries are prevalent in active and aging populations, leading to chronic pain and decreased function. Turnover of this tissue is not well understood, especially as it relates to aging and injury. Supplementation of collagen peptides has been shown to improve connective tissue recovery and pain through increased collagen production. Recent findings Collagen peptide supplementation improves pain and function, and upregulates metabolic pathways associated with muscle and tendon growth. Literature from the past 12–18 months supports that these pathways are also involved with...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Dietary nitrate, aging and brain health: the latest evidence
Purpose of review With an increasing population age, cognitive decline and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent and burdensome in society. Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate, which serves as a nitric oxide precursor, has been suggested as a potential nutritional strategy to improve brain health in older adults. In this review, we discuss recent findings in this area. Recent findings A number of studies have emerged in the past 12–18 months exploring the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on cognitive function, with typically (although not exclusive...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Extending the benefit of nutrition intervention beyond the operative setting
Purpose of review To provide an update of the recent evidence on the potential of perioperative nutritional interventions to benefit adult patients undergoing head and neck and digestive procedures. Recent findings Perioperative nutrition within multimodal prehabilitation programs improve postoperative outcomes. Perioperative fasting time can be reduced with beverages containing carbohydrate alone or blended with a nitrogenous source such as whey protein; this approach seems to be safe and improve outcome. The choice of protein-containing formula, as well as diet composition to be recommended early during the po...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Cardiometabolic health impacts of time-restricted eating: implications for type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases
Purpose of review Time-restricted eating (TRE) entails consuming energy intake within a 4- to 10-h window, with the remaining time spent fasting. Although studies have reported health benefits from TRE, little is known about the impact of TRE on common chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the most recent TRE research findings relevant to managing and treating these chronic diseases. Recent findings Most recent TRE studies have been in populations with overweight/obesity or metabolic syndrome; two have been in populations with...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in chronic kidney disease: update on prevalence, outcomes, risk factors and nutrition treatment
Purpose of review This review summarizes literature from the last 18 months reporting on sarcopenia (or its components) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent findings The prevalence of sarcopenia in CKD is reported to be 5–62.5%, with higher rates observed later in the disease. Sarcopenic obesity rates are reported to be 2–23%. Sarcopenia in CKD is associated with increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification. Risk factors include kidney disease itself and the impacts of CKD on lifestyle (reduced physical activity, diet changes). In earlier stages of CKD, if the risks fro...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Carla Prado Source Type: research

Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 8, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Is it time to personalise glucose targets during critical illness?
Purpose of review Dysglycaemia complicates most critical care admissions and is associated with harm, yet glucose targets, particularly in those with preexisting diabetes, remain controversial. This review will summarise advances in the literature regarding personalised glucose targets in the critically ill. Recent findings Observational data suggest that the degree of chronic hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients with diabetes attenuates the relationship between mortality and several metrics of dysglycaemia, including blood glucose on admission, and mean blood glucose, glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

Nutritional challenges in patients with gastroparesis
Purpose of review Our purpose was to review the most recent publications on nutritional management in gastroparesis, and their relevance for global management of gastroparesis. Recent findings The last months, several reviews on gastroparesis have been published as well as excellent reviews on the nutritional management of patients suffering this condition. In these publications, the relevance of nutrition in management of gastroparesis has been highlighted. However, alarming studies have been published from several authors from Europe and the United States showing that a majority of patients did not follow any ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research