Clinical associations between exercise and lipoproteins
Purpose of review
One of the major concerns in global health is the deteriorating control of dyslipidemia (DLD), which is a very strong modifiable risk factor for untoward cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. It serves as a foundation for atherosclerotic lesions that can be destabilized by co-inflammatory processes leading to distal clot migration and other related CVD events. There are many misconceptions regarding the management of DLD. Many health sectors advocate for weight loss without a clear-cut target to achieve better CVD outcomes. There is growing evidence that exercise training compliance regardless of wei...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
Vascular stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased vessel wall stiffness. Pathophysiological stiffening, notably in arteries, disturbs the integrity of the vascular endothelium and promotes permeability and transmigration of immune cells, thereby driving the development of atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases. Effective therapeutic strategies for arterial stiffening are still lacking.
Recent findings
Here, we overview the literature on age-related arterial stiffening, from patient-derived data to preclinical in-vivo and in-vitro findings. Firs...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARIES Source Type: research
Consensus and guidelines on lipoprotein(a) – seeing the forest through the trees
Purpose of the review
Over the past decade, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] made it to several consensus and guideline documents. This review aims to summarize the literature which underlies the various recommendations and compares recent European and North American consensus and guideline documents of the recent 3–4 years.
Recent findings
Multiple large epidemiological and genetic studies have provided strong evidence for a causal association between Lp(a) concentrations and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis. There is a dose-dependent linear relationship between Lp(a) and ASCVD...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Translating guidelines into practice via implementation science: an update in lipidology
Purpose of review
Guidelines provide recommendations for clinicians based on the best available evidence and informed by clinical expertise. These recommendations often fail to be utilized by clinicians hindering the translation of evidence into practice. The purpose of this review is to describe novel ways in which implementation science has been used to improve translation of guidelines into clinical practice in the field of lipidology.
Recent findings
We searched PubMed for articles related to guideline implementation in lipidology published in 2021 and 2022. Identified articles were categorized into three do...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
New algorithms for treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Purpose of review
We reviewed current and future therapeutic options for patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and place this evidence in context of an adaptable treatment algorithm.
Recent findings
Lowering LDL-C levels to normal in patients with HoFH is challenging, but a combination of multiple lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) is key. Patients with (near) absence of LDL receptor expression are most severely affected and frequently require regular lipoprotein apheresis on top of combined pharmacologic LLT. Therapies acting independently of the LDL receptor pathway, such as lomitapide and ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Can we revive CETP-inhibitors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease?
Purpose of review
To review recent developments in the field of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition from clinical trials and genomic analyses which have the potential to impact future clinical programs.
Recent findings
CETP plays an important role in remodelling of lipoproteins. A large body of evidence suggests that the presence of low CETP activity should have favourable effects on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk. However, a number of clinical development programs of pharmacological CETP inhibitors have been disappointing with reports of toxicity and clinical futility. These findings ha...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Recent Apolipoprotein CIII trials
Purpose of review
This review will briefly revise the evidence concerning the pharmacological inhibition of Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Recent findings
ApoCIII is a plasma apolipoprotein playing a major role in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, namely chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins as well as in the pathological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Therefore, ApoCIII is a potential new target for reducing plasma levels of TRLs and, thereby, cardiovascular risk. In recent years, there have been extensive preclinical and clinical pharmacolo...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Recent lipoprotein(a) trials
Purpose of review
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a genetically determined independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis; thus, serum levels are minimally affected by conventional treatments for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. New RNA therapies directly targeting Lp(a) have demonstrated efficacy in decreasing serum levels. Several recent trials have demonstrated efficacy and safety of these RNA therapeutics.
Recent findings
Single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are two classes of RNA-targeted therapeutics that specifically t...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated cardiomyopathy: key roles for liver–heart crosstalk
Purpose of review
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but also heart, pancreas, and kidney. We currently lack a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms responsible for the development of NASH-associated cardiomyopathy or the influence of sex on pathophysiology. There is a critical need to address these gaps in knowledge in order to accelerate translation of knowledge into clinical practice.
Recent findings
NASH and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Early cardiac dysfunct...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Regulation of cardiovascular calcification by lipids and lipoproteins
Purpose of review
Lipids and lipoproteins have long been known to contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification. One theme of recent work is the study of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a lipoprotein particle similar to LDL-cholesterol that carries a long apoprotein tail and most of the circulating oxidized phospholipids.
Recent findings
In-vitro studies show that Lp(a) stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells, while the association of Lp(a) with coronary artery calcification continues to have varying results, possibly because of the widely varying thre...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Characteristics of plaque lipid-associated macrophages and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Recent findings from single-cell transcriptomic studies prompted us to revisit the role of plaque foamy macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we compared the gene expression profile of plaque foamy macrophages with those of other disease-associated macrophages and discussed their functions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Recent findings
To understand the phenotypes of macrophages in atherosclerotic aorta, many research groups performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and found that there are distinct phenotypic differences among intimal foamy, nonfoamy ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
The role of gut-derived oxidized lipids and bacterial lipopolysaccharide in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
This review explores mechanisms by which gut-derived bacterial
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxidized phospholipids contribute to chronic systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Recent findings
Gut-derived LPS enters through the small intestine via two distinct pathways that involve high density lipoproteins (HDL) and chylomicrons. Gut-derived LPS can bind to the LPS-binding protein (LBP) and to HDL3 in the small intestine and travel through the portal vein to the liver where it does not elicit an inflammatory reaction, and is inactivated or it can bind to HDL2 and travel through the porta...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Early atherogenesis: new insights from new approaches
Purpose of review
To highlight recent conceptual and technological advances that have positioned the field to interrogate the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the initiation of atherosclerosis, including intimal lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lesion growth.
Recent findings
Advances in the understanding of endothelial LDL transcytosis and rapid lipid uptake by intimal macrophages provide mechanistic insights into intimal LDL accumulation and the initiation of atherogenesis. Recent studies have used unbiased single-cell approaches, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and CyTOF, to characteri...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 21, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
