Gastric Stem Cell Biology and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:1-24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_1.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists lifelong. An interactive network between the bacteria and host cells shapes a unique microbial niche within gastric glands that alters epithelial behavior, leading to pathologies such as chronic gastritis and eventually gastric cancer. Gland colonization by the bacterium initiates aberrant trajectories by inducing long-term inflammatory and regenerative gland responses, which involve various specialized epithelial and stromal cells. Recent studies using cell lineage tracing...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jonas Wizenty Michael Sigal Source Type: research

Clinical Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Gastric Cancer Development
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:25-52. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_2.ABSTRACTThe human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric disease and cancer, and gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death across the globe. Carcinogenic mechanisms associated with H. pylori are multifactorial and are driven by bacterial virulence constituents, host immune responses, environmental factors such as iron and salt, and the microbiota. Infection with strains that harbor the cytotoxin-associated genes (cag) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) con...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lydia E Wroblewski Richard M Peek Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:53-81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3.ABSTRACTMitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells' health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Javier Torres Eliette Touati Source Type: research

Immune Biology and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Diseases
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:83-115. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_4.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori is a prevalent pathogen, which affects more than 40% of the global population. It colonizes the human stomach and persists in its host for several decades or even a lifetime, if left untreated. The persistent infection has been linked to various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection triggers a strong immune response directed against the bacterium associated with the infiltration of innate phagocytotic immune cells and the induction of a Th1/T...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sonja Fuchs Ruolan Gong Markus Gerhard Raquel Mej ías-Luque Source Type: research

Pathogenomics of Helicobacter pylori
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:117-155. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_5.ABSTRACTThe human stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis, ulcers and adenocarcinoma, possesses very high genetic diversity. H. pylori has been associated with anatomically modern humans since their origins over 100,000 years ago and has co-evolved with its human host ever since. Predominantly intrafamilial and local transmission, along with genetic isolation, genetic drift, and selection have facilitated the development of distinct bacterial populations that are characteristic for large geographical areas. H. pyl...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yoshio Yamaoka Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan Ricky Indra Alfaray Bodo Linz Source Type: research

Gastric Cancer: The Microbiome Beyond Helicobacter pylori
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:157-184. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_6.ABSTRACTGastric cancer remains an important global health burden. Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological factor in gastric cancer, infecting the stomach of almost half of the population worldwide. Recent progress in microbiome research offered a new perspective on the complexity of the microbial communities of the stomach. Still, the role of the microbiome of the stomach beyond H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis is not well understood and requires deeper investigation. The gastric bacterial communities of gastric cancer patients are disti...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Melissa Mendes-Rocha Joana Pereira-Marques Rui M Ferreira Ceu Figueiredo Source Type: research

Helicobacter pylori-Induced Host Cell DNA Damage and Genetics of Gastric Cancer Development
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:185-206. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_7.ABSTRACTGastric cancer is a very serious and deadly disease worldwide with about one million new cases every year. Most gastric cancer subtypes are associated with genetic and epigenetic aberrations caused by chromosome instability, microsatellite instability or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Another risk factor is an infection with Helicobacter pylori, which also triggers severe alterations in the host genome. This pathogen expresses an extraordinary repertoire of virulence determinants that take over control of important host cell signaling fun...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Steffen Backert Bodo Linz Nicole Tegtmeyer Source Type: research

Gastric Epithelial Barrier Disruption, Inflammation and Oncogenic Signal Transduction by Helicobacter pylori
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:207-238. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_8.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori exemplifies one of the most favourable bacterial pathogens worldwide. The bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the human population and constitutes a major risk factor for triggering gastric diseases such as stomach cancer. H. pylori infection represents a prime example of chronic inflammation and cancer-inducing bacterial pathogens. The microbe utilizes a remarkable set of virulence factors and strategies to control cellular checkpoints of inflammation and oncogenic signal transduction. This chapte...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Michael Naumann Lorena Ferino Irshad Sharafutdinov Steffen Backert Source Type: research

Impact of the Helicobacter pylori Oncoprotein CagA in Gastric Carcinogenesis
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:239-257. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_9.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori CagA is the first and only bacterial oncoprotein etiologically associated with human cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, CagA acts as a pathogenic/pro-oncogenic scaffold that interacts with and functionally perturbs multiple host proteins such as pro-oncogenic SHP2 phosphatase and polarity-regulating kinase PAR1b/MARK2. Although H. pylori infection is established during early childhood, gastric cancer generally develops in elderly individuals, indicating that oncogenic ...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Masanori Hatakeyama Source Type: research

Bacterial Proteases in Helicobacter pylori Infections and Gastric Disease
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:259-277. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_10.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) proteases have become a major focus of research in recent years, because they not only have an important function in bacterial physiology, but also directly alter host cell functions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on extracellular H. pylori proteases that target host-derived substrates to facilitate bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, the secreted H. pylori collagenase (Hp0169), the metalloprotease Hp1012, or the serine protease High temperature requirement A (HtrA) are of great interest...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Silja Wessler Gernot Posselt Source Type: research

Clinical Management of Gastric Cancer Treatment Regimens
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:279-304. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_11.ABSTRACTGastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death in the world. Endoscopic resection can be the treatment in selected cases of very early gastric cancer. Surgery is recommended for tumors that do not meet the criteria for endoscopic resection or for tumors with lymph node invasion but without distant metastases. Gastrectomy should include D2 lymphadenectomy without splenectomy. Perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival and is recommended in locally advanced gastric canc...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Juliette Boil ève Yann Touchefeu Tamara Matysiak-Budnik Source Type: research

Gastric Stem Cell Biology and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:1-24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_1.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists lifelong. An interactive network between the bacteria and host cells shapes a unique microbial niche within gastric glands that alters epithelial behavior, leading to pathologies such as chronic gastritis and eventually gastric cancer. Gland colonization by the bacterium initiates aberrant trajectories by inducing long-term inflammatory and regenerative gland responses, which involve various specialized epithelial and stromal cells. Recent studies using cell lineage tracing...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jonas Wizenty Michael Sigal Source Type: research

Clinical Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Gastric Cancer Development
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:25-52. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_2.ABSTRACTThe human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric disease and cancer, and gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death across the globe. Carcinogenic mechanisms associated with H. pylori are multifactorial and are driven by bacterial virulence constituents, host immune responses, environmental factors such as iron and salt, and the microbiota. Infection with strains that harbor the cytotoxin-associated genes (cag) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) con...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lydia E Wroblewski Richard M Peek Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:53-81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3.ABSTRACTMitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells' health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Javier Torres Eliette Touati Source Type: research

Immune Biology and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Diseases
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;444:83-115. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_4.ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori is a prevalent pathogen, which affects more than 40% of the global population. It colonizes the human stomach and persists in its host for several decades or even a lifetime, if left untreated. The persistent infection has been linked to various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection triggers a strong immune response directed against the bacterium associated with the infiltration of innate phagocytotic immune cells and the induction of a Th1/T...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - January 17, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sonja Fuchs Ruolan Gong Markus Gerhard Raquel Mej ías-Luque Source Type: research