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Malaria Therapeutic Paradigm: An Evolution Towards Commercial Drug Delivery Technology
In this study, we are going to discuss about the seminal delivery systems for drug which are in lab, market, and clinical trials for treatment of malaria. Also, we focused on the commercial and conventional drug delivery systems which can be more effective and the challenges behind their success. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - April 5, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCombined positron emission tomography and computer tomography with 2-deoxy-[fluorine-18]-flouro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) is increasingly used in suspected infection and inflammation. Evidence is mounting within several areas. We believe [18F]FDG-PET/CT is a key modality in infection and inflammation and this overview outlines the diagnostic values in most common uses within this domain.Recent Findings[18F]FDG-PET/CT is considered helpful in establishing the underlying disease in 50 –60% of FUO patients. In patients with complex blood stream infections, [18F]FDG-PET/CT changes treatment and red...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - April 2, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Art of the Transplant Infectious Diseases Consult: Storytelling and Science
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review sets out to describe the art of the transplant infectious diseases consult for pre-transplant, peri-transplant, and post-transplant patient.Recent FindingsEmphasis is placed on recent developments in the assessment of antimicrobial allergies, pre-transplant vaccination, management of donor cultures, and antimicrobial stewardship in transplantation. Strategies for effective verbal communication including motivational interviewing and managing cognitive biases, as well as the importance of written communication in the transplant infectious diseases consult, are also highlighted.SummaryWhi...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - March 25, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Antiviral Nanomedicine-Based Approaches against Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus around the globe with approximately 98% of adults testing positive against EBV. However, EBV infection typically begins early in the childhood. Owing to the ability to infect various body organ, EBV is linked to a broad spectrum of symptoms, diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, since EBV exists in both latent and replicating forms in most healthy individuals, any disruption in the balance between the virus and its host can lead to the development of different diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. Given these circumstances, we...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - February 17, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Influenza Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Methods to Improve Immunogenicity and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the recent literature surrounding immune responses to influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, in addition to reviewing future directions for novel vaccine technologies to help improve immunogenicity in this vulnerable population.Recent FindingsWhile organ transplantation remains a lifesaving treatment for those with organ failure, infections account for many complications in the post-transplant period. Influenza virus is the most common vaccine-preventable illness, but organ transplant recipients often mount an inferior immune response to vaccination compared to ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - February 9, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Mitigating Invasive Antifungal-Resistant Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus in Africa
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAzole resistance inAspergillus fumigatus is an emerging public health issue with global distribution and has been linked to use in agricultural and horticultural settings. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) created a fungal pathogen priority list, andA. fumigatus was listed as a critical pathogen. Currently, Africa lacks effective surveillance systems for this emerging threat, mostly due to lack of capacity and diagnostics to determine azole resistance in routine clinical settings. This review aims to address and improve on the current diagnostic tools and future perspective strategies in...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - December 19, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Switch Therapy: What Should Be Considered in Patients Using Antimicrobials?
This article systematizes and structures the eligibility criteria for a safe transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - December 6, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Antibacterial Alternatives to a Dying Antibiotic Pipeline
This study summarized the current problems and potential solutions related to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the lack of antibiotics, and new avenues of research in developing new antimicrobial alternatives, such as using bacteriocins, bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and nanoparticles.Recent findingsAdvances in the research of alternative antimicrobial agents in emerging with promising results. These alternative antimicrobials are still developing, and more research is required to bring these products to clinical applications.SummaryA dramatic increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacte...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - September 9, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Monkeypox Outbreak: an Overview of Potential Therapeutic Options
Opinion statementMonkeypox is an emergent pathogen that can be transmitted between humans and certain animal reservoirs. Although monkeypox belongs to orthopoxviruses including variola virus (smallpox) and resembles signs and symptoms of smallpox infection, it is rarely fatal. However, it may cause serious complications and death. In this review, we aim to summarize data on potential treatments for monkeypox infection. We found three antivirals (i.e., cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat) posing antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses and having potential activity against monkeypox. Vaccinia immunoglobulin may be c...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - September 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Hyperammonemia Syndrome Due to Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Treatment and Prophylaxis Strategies
Opinion statementHyperammonemia syndrome (HS) linked toUreaplasma andMycoplasma infections was first identified in lung transplant recipients. It is a highly morbid syndrome with mortality estimated to be as high as 70%. Yet there remains no consensus as to the best treatment and prophylaxis strategies. We aim to review existing data to guide decisions about choice and duration of empiric antimicrobials for HS secondary toMollicute infections. Fluroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides are the preferred agents for the treatment ofUreaplasma andMycoplasma infections. Resistance to these agents remains low ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - September 4, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Looking at Sepsis in Patients with Terminal Illnesses
Opinion statementSepsis is a serious and common condition among hospitalized patients, and, for those with terminal illnesses, mortality from sepsis remains high. Early palliative care consultation reduces symptom burden, improves caregiver experience, and facilitates discussions regarding goals of care. Despite these benefits, palliative care remains an underutilized resource for patients with serious illnesses. This review proposes how infectious disease physicians can help identify patients requiring palliative care consultation and provide valuable input during these discussions. Prior studies demonstrate that earl...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - May 19, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Dengue: Update on Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines
Opinion statementDengue viruses (DENV) continue to circulate worldwide, resulting in a significant burden on human health. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of DENV, an infection of which could result in a potentially life-threatening disease. Current treatment options are limited and rely on supportive care. Although one dengue vaccine is approved for dengue-immune individuals and has modest efficacy, there is still a need for therapeutics and vaccines that can reduce dengue morbidities and lower the infection burden. There have been recent advances in the development of promising drugs for the treatment of ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - April 18, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Listeriosis in Pregnancy
AbstractPurpose of this reviewOptimal management of listeriosis is critical due to the potential for adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this paper is to present recent scientific developments regarding listeriosis in pregnancy, including presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention.Recent findingsPregnant individuals can be approximately 13 –100 times more susceptible to this pathogen, which is concerning due to the potential for obstetric, fetal, and neonatal complications. Close to 25% of pregnancies complicated by listeriosis result in adverse consequences, including preterm labor and fetal dea...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - February 27, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Challenges in the Hospital Water System and Innovations to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections
Opinion statementHealthcare-associated infections (HAI) related to hospital water distribution systems have been well-described. More recently, outbreaks linked to the wastewater system as well as water-containing medical devices have increased awareness of potential environmental sources of water-related HAI. In this review, we summarize outbreaks and challenges associated with hospital water distribution and wastewater systems, as well as potential mitigation strategies. The heightened attention on water-related HAI has sparked new strategies and innovations to mitigate these risks, including engineered or structural mod...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - February 15, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mpox: Special Considerations in the Immunocompromised Host
Opinion statementHerein, we review the clinical course of mpox, treatment options, and prevention strategies in immunocompromised hosts. As there are limited publications on mpox in the immunocompromised, we also explore other human-infecting poxviruses. Poxviruses share genomic, structural, and forOrthopoxviruses, antigenic similarities, suggesting that study of one species can inform our expectations for host and pathogen interactions and treatment response in another. We attempt to make inferences from this review but also identify ongoing research needs for mpox in immunocompromised individuals. The yearly number of mp...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases - January 5, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research