Dental Clinics of North America
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Index
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
Why Public Policy Matters in Improving Access to Dental Care
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This article describes four principal areas in which policy makers' decisions can improve children's access to dental care: (1) providing and financing health care (ie, providing opportunities for shaping public insurance programs like Medicaid and SCHIP); (2) regulating health providers and facilities (ie, providing levers for policy change in dental practice acts); (3) ensuring the health of the public (ie, states' choices on population-based approaches and providing leadership in oral health); and (4) education and training of the health workforce (ie, state support of dental education that can ensure a dental workforce...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Shelly Gehshan, Andrew Snyder Source Type: journals
Innovations to Improve Oral Health Care Access
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This article highlights past and contemporary innovations that have improved access, or have the potential to improve access to oral health care. These innovations are grouped into six categories: the dental profession, public health, community-based care delivery, oral health care funding, dental education, and evidence-based dentistry.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Gary A. Colangelo Source Type: journals
An Introduction to Oral Health Care Reform
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Oral health care reform is made up of several components, but access to care is central. Health care reform will occur in some fashion at some point, and how it will impact the entire dental sector is unclear. In the short term, there is likely to be a dental component during the reauthorization of State Children's Health Insurance Program in early 2009, and several federal oral health bills are expected to be reintroduced as well. Additional public funding for new programs and program expansions remains questionable, as federal funding will be tight. Fiscal conservancy will be occurring in the states as well; however, var...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Kristen L. Hathaway Source Type: journals
Social Work in Dentistry: The CARES Model for Improving Patient Retention and Access to Care
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Social work programs in dental schools and dental clinics have been operated successfully since the 1940s, and have been documented as contributing to patients' access to care and to dental education. However, unlike medical social work, with which it has much in common, social work in dentistry has failed to become a standard feature of dental schools and clinics. Few of the social work initiatives that have been implemented in dental schools have survived after initial grant funding ran out, or the institutional supporters of the program moved on. The authors hope that the CARES program serves as a model for the successf...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Joan M. Doris, Elaine Davis, Cynthia Du Pont, Britt Holdaway Source Type: journals
Private Sector Response to Improving Oral Health Care Access
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This article attempts to describe the problem, discuss various frameworks for action, illustrate some solutions developed by the private sector, and present a vision for collaborative action to improve the health of the nation. No one sector of the health care system can resolve the problem. The private sector, the public sector, and the not-for-profit community must collaborate to improve the oral health of the nation.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Lindsey A. Robinson, Council on Access, Prevention and Interprofessional Relations Source Type: journals
Using Teledentistry to Improve Access to Dental Care for the Underserved
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Teledentistry is an exciting new area of dentistry that fuses electronic health records, telecommunications technology, digital imaging, and the Internet to link health providers in rural or remote communities. For the patient located in underserved or remote areas, teledentistry improves ready access to preventive dental care and teleconsultation with specialists. It allows the dentist in the nearby community to provide easier access to preventive care to a patient who, otherwise, probably will not seek care. It enables the specialist located many miles away to make a diagnosis and recommend treatment options and/or referral.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: James Fricton, Hong Chen Source Type: journals
Dental Benefits Improve Access to Oral Care
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This article discusses the common forms of dental health plans, the services usually covered, and their relative costs.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Rene Chapin Source Type: journals
Managing Clinical Risk: Right Person, Right Care, Right Time
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Dentists and the dental health care industry have a renewed interest in clinical risk assessment, because they offer the potential to identify a patient's clinical needs for oral health care more specifically, to maximize prevention by early intervention, and to educate patients to become more informed consumers of oral health care and direct resources where they are most needed and can produce the greatest value. To realize this potential, risk assessment must be applied appropriately, and its indirect ramifications for access to care should be considered. Several ideas for the appropriate application of risk assessment a...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Frank J. Graham, Council on Dental Practice, American Dental Association Source Type: journals
Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Children by Expanding the Dental Workforce to Include Dental Therapists
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This article documents the disparities in oral health among children, identifies barriers to access to care for children, describes the use of dental therapists internationally to improve access to care for children, documents previous efforts in the United States to train individuals other than dentists to care for children's teeth, describes the current status of the use of dental therapists in Alaska, justifies limiting the care given by dental therapists to children, suggests potential economic advantages of using dental therapists, and concludes by describing how dental therapists could be trained and deployed in the ...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: David A. Nash Source Type: journals
Public Programs, Insurance, and Dental Access
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This article assesses current programs designed to provide dental insurance coverage. This assessment examines person-level use and expenditures as a function of preferences, price, and the use of third-party coverage.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Richard J. Manski Source Type: journals
Dental Workforce
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This article reviews the changes in the dental workforce that have taken place, especially during the last 50 years, the present status of the workforce, and projections about the adequacy and composition of the dental workforce in the coming years.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Eric S. Solomon Source Type: journals
The Role of Non-Dental Health Professionals in Providing Access to Dental Care for Low-Income and Minority Patients
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The disadvantaged suffer disproportionately from dental problems. These persons are more likely to have untreated oral health problems and associated pain, and also are more likely to forego dental treatment even when in pain. There has been increased emphasis on the potential role of physicians in alleviating oral health disparities, especially among children. In addition, many adults lacking access to traditional dental services seek care and consultation from hospital emergency departments, physicians, and pharmacists. The delivery of oral health care services by non-dental health professionals may assume increasing imp...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Leonard A. Cohen Source Type: journals
The Dilemma of Access to Care: Symptom of a Systemic Condition
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The standard ethical arguments that prescribe dentistry's involvement in improving access to oral health care are based on the ethical principle of social justice. The authors underwrite this principle but argue that, as with other ethical principles, this principle alone will fail to have a practical impact. The authors show that the issue of access is a symptom of a more systemic problem in dentistry, namely the lack of connectedness that dentists feel between themselves and their profession, their community, and society at large. The second half of the article develops a plan for boosting “connectedness.” Successful...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: James T. Rule, Jos V.M. Welie Source Type: journals
Preface
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During the twentieth century, the dental profession gained remarkable technological advances that improved the oral health of many Americans. Systemic and topical fluoridation, the air rotor hand piece, and local anesthesia dramatically prevented disease and made surgical care efficient and painless. Despite these advances, access to optimal oral health care is limited or nonexistent for at least 40% of Americans. If the goal for Americans is to improve their oral health, the means to reach this goal is to improve access. Oral health care access includes more than receiving appropriate professional care. Access to disease ...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Gary A. Colangelo Source Type: journals
How Dental Care Can Preserve and Improve Oral Health
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Oral health is associated with overall health, and lack of access to dental care has consequences that go far beyond aesthetics. Most oral diseases are preventable and are relatively easy and inexpensive to address at early stages. However, multiple barriers make dental care unreachable for a sizable portion of the United States population, who consequently has higher incidence and prevalence of disease. Achieving meaningful improvements in oral health status among these groups will require a revamping of the dental infrastructure, augmenting the productivity and skills of the dental workforce, and increasing the populatio...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Clemencia M. Vargas, Oscar Arevalo Source Type: journals
Contents
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
Forthcoming Issues
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
Foreword
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Dental access is a multifaceted problem and this issue of Dental Clinics of North America is equally multifaceted. Its contributors consider a wide range of issues: from ethical conundrums to logistic considerations, from private financing to national health policy, to informatics technology, and to workforce dynamics. Dr. Gary Colangelo, the Guest Editor for this issue, has approached the topic with a net as wide as the questions involved, engaging contributors who represent an equally wide range of philosophical and pragmatic perspectives.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - June 2, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Burton L. Edelstein Source Type: journals
Contents
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
Forthcoming Issues
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
Dedication
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I am honored to dedicate this book to all the special needs dental patients who often are challenged in finding willing and well-trained providers to deliver optimal dental and oral health care.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Burton S. Wasserman Source Type: journals
Preface
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During the past decade, dental treatment for special needs patients has received national attention. These patients face unique challenges in accessing oral health care. Special needs patients traditionally have been treated by pediatric dentists, and general dentists often are not trained adequately or do not have the necessary physical facilities to provide optimal care. As the patients reach adulthood, it becomes increasingly difficult to continue treatment with a pediatric dentist or to find a general dentist who is willing and appropriately trained to deal with complex behavioral management issues.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Burton S. Wasserman Source Type: journals
Issues in Access to Oral Health Care for Special Care Patients
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Access to oral health care for persons with special health care needs is quite limited. Psychologic, economic, and physical barriers exist that prevent these patients, who may have complex medical histories and physical or psychologic disabilities, from accessing appropriate continuing dental care. There are ways to surmount each of these barriers, typically with both positive and negative aspects that must be considered. Education of the health care professionals, the patients, government officials, third-party payers, and colleagues in all aspects of health care, is needed. The ultimate answer is education of and coopera...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Martin J. Davis Source Type: journals
Health Related Issues for Individuals with Special Health Care Needs
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More than 50 million individuals in the United States with developmental disabilities, complex medical problems, significant physical limitations, and a vast array of other conditions considered under the rubric of “disabilities” live in our communities, many as a result of deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming. Children and adults with special health care needs have become a much more integral and visible component of everyday life. This process represents an ongoing change in perceptions about individuals with disabilities and subsequent reform of policies concerning the rights and the principles of care for peopl...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: H. Barry Waldman, Rick Rader, Steven P. Perlman Source Type: journals
Planning Dental Treatment for People with Special Needs
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This article presents a schema for planning dental treatment that encourages the oral health provider to fully consider multiple medical, social, psychologic and dental findings when preparing treatment recommendations for a patient with special needs. If these factors are fully integrated, the resulting treatment recommendations provide the best chance of helping the individual achieve and maintain a lifetime of oral health
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Paul Glassman, Paul Subar Source Type: journals
Special Needs of Anxious and Phobic Dental Patients
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Dentally anxious and phobic individuals are an underserved special needs population because of their avoidance of treatment. Dentists and their auxiliary staff, with an understanding of the etiologies leading to this potentially serious health obstacle, can enhance the patient's overall quality of life. Techniques are available for dentists to evaluate and treat this critical phenomenon. Through proper information, education, and staff sensitivity, these individuals can be rehabilitated and enjoy improved oral and systemic health.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Mark Slovin, June Falagario-Wasserman Source Type: journals
Minimal and Moderate Oral Sedation in the Adult Special Needs Patient
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This article focuses on a select number of these drugs, specific medical and pharmacologic challenges presented by adult special needs patients, and techniques to safely administer oral minimal and moderate sedation.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: John M. Coke, Michael D. Edwards Source Type: journals
Treatment of Mentally Disabled Patients with Intravenous Sedation in a Dental Clinic Outpatient Setting
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This article describes clinical techniques used to treat special care patients under intravenous sedation in an outpatient dental clinic setting. The discussion includes how to make a preoperative dental diagnosis, how to start an intravenous line painlessly, intravenous medications used in outpatient sedation, clinical tips for dentistry with special care patients, and postoperative evaluation.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Benjamin H. Solomowitz Source Type: journals
Evaluation, Scheduling, and Management of Dental Care Under General Anesthesia for Special Needs Patients
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Dental care in the operating room requires expertise to be efficient, effective, and comprehensive. By gathering appropriate information preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, the dentist can assume the leadership role that is required for effective dental care. Standardizing procedures, while including the training of residents, can meet the dental goals for comprehensive dental management.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Mary L. Voytus Source Type: journals
Treatment Planning Considerations for Adult Oral Rehabilitation Cases in the Operating Room
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Treatment planning for adult oral rehabilitation starts before cases are scheduled and continues after the discharge phase. Practitioners providing dental care must be competent in all phases of dentistry and comfortable in the operating room setting. Dental caries risk assessment and medical risk assessment are important in developing comprehensive and predictable treatment plans. Oral rehabilitation in the operating room for patients who have special needs is a growing concern. Coordinating medical procedures with oral rehabilitation procedures while patients are under general anesthetic is an efficient use of sedation. ...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Allen Wong Source Type: journals
Managing Older Patients Who Have Neurologic Disease: Alzheimer Disease and Cerebrovascular Accident
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Neurologic diseases represent some of the most common disabling and costly conditions in older age. Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) are two of the most common neurologic conditions, and represent the leading causes of nursing home placement. Dental professionals will be caring for older patients who have age-associated neurologic diseases, including Alzheimer disease and stroke because of the increased longevity of the United States population coupled with improved survivorship of these conditions as a result of advanced medical diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the clinical manifestations of...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Robert G. Henry, Barbara J. Smith Source Type: journals
Dental Management of Special Needs Patients Who Have Epilepsy
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Patients who have developmental disabilities and epilepsy can be safely treated in a general dental practice. A thorough medical history should be taken and updated at every visit. A good oral examination to uncover any dental problems and possible side effects from antiepileptic drugs is necessary. Stability of the seizure disorder must be taken into account when planning dental treatment. Specific considerations for epileptic patients include the treatment of oral soft tissue side effects of medications and damage to the hard and soft tissue of the orofacial region secondary to seizure trauma. Most patients who have epil...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Miriam R. Robbins Source Type: journals
HIV: Medical Milestones and Clinical Challenges
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Since its discovery in the 1980s, HIV has infected every continent on the globe by crossing socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, and gender barriers, and it continues to contribute to human morbidity and mortality. Advances in medicine and technology have led to new combination medications for HIV-positive patients, early HIV testing methodologies, and potential for an HIV vaccine, and they have given researchers and clinicians a larger armamentarium with which to treat and prevent the disease. Even with these vast improvements in HIV prevention, detection, and treatment, scientists have been unsuccessful in developing its vacci...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Kelly P. Halligan, Timothy J. Halligan, Arthur H. Jeske, Sheila H. Koh Source Type: journals
Dental Care for Patients Who Are Unable to Open Their Mouths
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There are a number of diseases and conditions that prevent the sufferer from adequately opening the mouth. The danger of inanition, malnutrition, chronic periodontal disease, caries, and abscessed teeth are very real to this population. Dental treatment issues include inadequate access to the oral cavity, inability to locally anesthetize mandibular posterior teeth, inability to gain access for traditional operative dentistry, and lack of clearance for most oral surgery procedures. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a discussion of the various conditions and then discuss the dental and anesthesia issu...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Burton L. Nussbaum Source Type: journals
A Review of Cerebral Palsy for the Oral Health Professional
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Individuals who have cerebral palsy (CP) face many physical challenges throughout their lifetimes in addition to societal barriers that can have an impact on quality of life. The ability to access appropriate dental care has long been an issue for people who have disabilities. Dentists should be integral members of teams of professionals involved in optimizing the health of individuals who have CP. As with all members of this interdisciplinary team, oral health care providers should have a thorough knowledge of the medical, cognitive, and rehabilitative issues associated with CP. With this knowledge the best possible healt...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Nancy J. Dougherty Source Type: journals
Oral Self-Injurious Behaviors in Patients with Developmental Disabilities
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Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) in patients who have developmental disabilities is a complex disorder, and its underlying etiologies are poorly understood. SIB is a significant factor in hospitalizations, decisions to use psychotropic medications, and institutional placement for people who have developmental disabilities. Because this group often manifests oral SIB, the dentist may be the first professional called upon to evaluate a patient. Dental therapy focuses on symptomatic treatment to minimize tissue damage caused by SIB, but addressing the underlying impetus for the behavior is essential for successful treatment. De...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Maureen Romer, Nancy J. Dougherty Source Type: journals
Oral Health Burden in Children with Systemic Diseases
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This article addresses issues salient to the understanding of oral health burden in children and families living with systemic disease. Topics include the parent as caregiver, children who have cerebral palsy, juvenile arthritis, developmental delay, and organ diseases.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: S. Thikkurissy, Shantanu Lal Source Type: journals
Behavioral Management for Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disorders
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This article gives details about behavior associated with intellectual and developmental disorders and describes specific techniques for care that may be used routinely at home and carried into the dental setting.
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Karen A. Raposa Source Type: journals
Home Oral Health Practice: The Foundation for Desensitization and Dental Care for Special Needs
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As oral health is increasingly recognized as a foundation for health and wellness, caregivers for special needs patients are an essential component of the oral health team and must become knowledgeable and competent in home oral health practice. Education and training for caregivers should become a standard of care early in the first year of life for any child with developmental delay or any person, regardless of age, who experiences an illness or event that compromises their ability to provide self oral health care. Given the implication of poor oral health to general health and health care costs, home oral health practic...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Fred S. Ferguson, Debra Cinotti Source Type: journals
Index
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Source: Dental Clinics of North America - April 1, 2009 Category: Dentistry Source Type: journals
The special care patient. Preface.
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PMID: 19269388 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Wasserman BS Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Issues in access to oral health care for special care patients.
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Access to oral health care for persons with special health care needs is quite limited. Psychologic, economic, and physical barriers exist that prevent these patients, who may have complex medical histories and physical or psychologic disabilities, from accessing appropriate continuing dental care. There are ways to surmount each of these barriers, typically with both positive and negative aspects that must be considered. Education of the health care professionals, the patients, government officials, third-party payers, and colleagues in all aspects of health care, is needed. The ultimate answer is education of and coo...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Davis MJ Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Health related issues for individuals with special health care needs.
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More than 50 million individuals in the United States with developmental disabilities, complex medical problems, significant physical limitations, and a vast array of other conditions considered under the rubric of "disabilities" live in our communities, many as a result of deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming. Children and adults with special health care needs have become a much more integral and visible component of everyday life. This process represents an ongoing change in perceptions about individuals with disabilities and subsequent reform of policies concerning the rights and the principles of care for peopl...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Waldman HB, Rader R, Perlman SP Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Planning dental treatment for people with special needs.
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This article presents a schema for planning dental treatment that encourages the oral health provider to fully consider multiple medical, social, psychologic and dental findings when preparing treatment recommendations for a patient with special needs. If these factors are fully integrated, the resulting treatment recommendations provide the best chance of helping the individual achieve and maintain a lifetime of oral health.
PMID: 19269391 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Glassman P, Subar P Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Special needs of anxious and phobic dental patients.
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Dentally anxious and phobic individuals are an underserved special needs population because of their avoidance of treatment. Dentists and their auxiliary staff, with an understanding of the etiologies leading to this potentially serious health obstacle, can enhance the patient's overall quality of life. Techniques are available for dentists to evaluate and treat this critical phenomenon. Through proper information, education, and staff sensitivity, these individuals can be rehabilitated and enjoy improved oral and systemic health.
PMID: 19269392 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Slovin M, Falagario-Wasserman J Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Minimal and moderate oral sedation in the adult special needs patient.
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This article focuses on a select number of these drugs, specific medical and pharmacologic challenges presented by adult special needs patients, and techniques to safely administer oral minimal and moderate sedation.
PMID: 19269393 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Coke JM, Edwards MD Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Treatment of mentally disabled patients with intravenous sedation in a dental clinic outpatient setting.
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This article describes clinical techniques used to treat special care patients under intravenous sedation in an outpatient dental clinic setting. The discussion includes how to make a preoperative dental diagnosis, how to start an intravenous line painlessly, intravenous medications used in outpatient sedation, clinical tips for dentistry with special care patients, and postoperative evaluation.
PMID: 19269394 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Solomowitz BH Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Evaluation, scheduling, and management of dental care under general anesthesia for special needs patients.
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Dental care in the operating room requires expertise to be efficient, effective, and comprehensive. By gathering appropriate information preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, the dentist can assume the leadership role that is required for effective dental care. Standardizing procedures, while including the training of residents, can meet the dental goals for comprehensive dental management.
PMID: 19269395 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Voytus ML Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
Treatment planning considerations for adult oral rehabilitation cases in the operating room.
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Treatment planning for adult oral rehabilitation starts before cases are scheduled and continues after the discharge phase. Practitioners providing dental care must be competent in all phases of dentistry and comfortable in the operating room setting. Dental caries risk assessment and medical risk assessment are important in developing comprehensive and predictable treatment plans. Oral rehabilitation in the operating room for patients who have special needs is a growing concern. Coordinating medical procedures with oral rehabilitation procedures while patients are under general anesthetic is an efficient use of sedati...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 11, 2009 Category: Dentistry Authors: Wong A Tags: Dent Clin North Am Source Type: journals
