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Influence of the shape of the layers in photo-cured dental restorations on the shrinkage stress peaks—FEM studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the paper is to analyse an influence of the shape of the layers in photo-cured dental restorations of Class I on distribution of shrinkage stresses along the tooth-restoration interface. The study is a continuation of the previous considerations (Kowalczyk and Gambin (2008) ), where techniques, which reduce stress concentration at the top of the tooth-restoration interface, were considered. The analysis leads to proposition of new layer forming techniques, which diminish the stress peaks at the interface and prevent the crack propagation process.Methods: To find the stress distributions in t...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Piotr Kowalczyk Tags: Online only article Source Type: journals

Effect of resin-composite filler particle size and shape on shrinkage–strainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of variations in filler particle size and shape on the polymerization shrinkage–strain kinetics of resin-composites.Methods: A model series of 12 VLC resin-composites were studied. The particulate dispersed phase volume fraction was 56.7%: these filler particles were systematically graded in size, and further were either spherical or irregular. The bonded disk method was used to determine shrinkage–strain kinetics. Displacement was recorded following 40s irradiation (600mW/cm2) at 23°C (n=3). All data were captured for 60min and the final shrink...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Julian D. Satterthwaite, Karin Vogel, David C. Watts Source Type: journals

Photobleaching of camphorquinone during polymerization of dimethacrylate-based resinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the photobleaching rate of CQ in different dental resins.Methods: The photodecomposition rate of CQ/amine system in bis-GMA/TEGDMA, bis-EMA and UDMA polymerizing monomers was evaluated at different light intensities. The photobleaching of the CQ was studied by monitoring the decrease in light absorption as a function of continuous irradiation time. The absorption changes were assessed by recording the transmitted light that passed through samples of monomers containing CQ/amine.Results: Complete photobleaching of CQ was observed in all the monomer tested and the rat...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Silvana Asmusen, Gustavo Arenas, Wayne D. Cook, Claudia Vallo Source Type: journals

Characterization of mouthguard materials: Thermal properties of commercialized productsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Several mechanisms have been purported to describe how mouthguards protect the orofacial complex against injury. As the properties needed for these mechanisms to be effective are temperature and frequency dependent, the specific aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive thermal characterization of commercial mouthguard materials.Methods: Five commercially representative thermoplastic mouthguard materials (Essix™ Resin, Erkoflex™, Proform™-regular, Proform™-laminate, and Polyshok™) were tested. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) techniques wer...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Trenton E. Gould, Scott G. Piland, Junghwan Shin, Olivia McNair, Charles E. Hoyle, Sergei Nazarenko Source Type: journals

Effect of filler particle size and morphology on force/work parameters for stickiness of unset resin-compositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Filler particle size and morphology influences Fmax and Ws of uncured resin-composite which partly express the handling behaviors of resin-composites. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Muhammad Kaleem, Julian D. Satterthwaite, David C. Watts Source Type: journals

Influence of curing protocol on selected properties of light-curing polymers: Degree of conversion, volume contraction, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light-curing protocol on degree of conversion (DC), volume contraction (C), elastic modulus (E), and glass transition temperature (Tg) as measured on a model polymer. It was a further aim to correlate the measured values with each other.Methods: Different light-curing protocols were used in order to investigate the influence of energy density (ED), power density (PD), and mode of cure on the properties. The modes of cure were continuous, pulse-delay, and stepped irradiation. DC was measured by Raman micro-spectroscopy. C was determined by pycn...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Magali Dewaele, Erik Asmussen, Anne Peutzfeldt, E. Christian Munksgaard, Ana R. Benetti, Gauthier Finné, Gaëtane Leloup, Jacques Devaux Source Type: journals

Water sorption and dynamic mechanical properties of dentin adhesives with a urethane-based multifunctional methacrylate monomerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this work was to further investigate the performance of dentin adhesives containing a new monomer, with particular emphasis on the water sorption and viscoelastic behavior of the crosslinked networks.Materials and methods: Dentin adhesives contained 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]-propane (BisGMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and a new multifunctional methacrylate with urethane-linked groups-1,1,1-tri-[4-(methacryloxyethylaminocarbonyloxy)-phenyl]ethane (MPE) and were photo-polymerized in the presence or absence of water. Adhesives were characterized with regard to degree of con...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jong-Gu Park, Qiang Ye, Elizabeth M. Topp, Anil Misra, Paulette Spencer Source Type: journals

Effect of resin matrix composition on the translucency of experimental dental composite resinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the resin matrix composition on the translucency of experimental dental composite resins.Methods: Three types of unfilled resin matrices (TEGDMA-, UDMA- and BisGMA-based) were formulated and light cured. In addition, six different experimental dental composite resins with constant filler loading but varying in the type of monomer and the content of BisGMA were fabricated. Discs of each test material with 15.5mm diameter and 1.0mm thickness were prepared (N=3) and light cured. Total and diffuse transmittance values for each sample were measured...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Natasha Azzopardi, Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Duncan J. Wood, Nicolas Martin, Richard van Noort Source Type: journals

Non-irradiated campherquinone induces DNA damage in human gingival fibroblastsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Camphorquinone (CQ) is cytotoxic in cell cultures. The mechanism of this toxic action, however, is not yet clearly understood. Aim of this investigation was to analyze the effects of non-irradiated CQ on intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, and the integrity of DNA in cultured primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).Methods: Cells were exposed to CQ at concentrations ranging between 0.05mM and 2.5mM. Intracellular levels of ROS were detected by the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and GSH was determined b...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Joachim Volk, Christina Ziemann, Gabriele Leyhausen, Werner Geurtsen Source Type: journals

In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of elemental ions released from different prosthodontic materialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the cytotoxicity of elemental ions contained in four fixed prosthodontic materials (gold, nickel–chromium, stainless-steel alloys and CAD–CAM ceramics).Materials and methods: According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solu...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Waleed M. Elshahawy, Ikuya Watanabe, Phillip Kramer Source Type: journals

Influence of contamination and cleaning on bond strength to modified zirconiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the influence of contamination and cleaning procedures on shear bond strength (SBS) to modified zirconia surfaces.Methods: One hundred zirconium-oxide ceramic disks fabricated with a rough modified surface (Nobel Bond), which allows more micromechanical interlocking for adhesive cementation, were divided into five groups. Groups were contaminated with organic (OC; human blood and saliva) and/or inorganic contaminants (IC; type IV dental stone). For cleaning, modified surfaces were etched with phosphoric acid for 1min (PA) or fired in a ceramic furnace up to 910°C and cleaned in an ultrason...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jin-Ho Phark, Sillas Duarte, Harold Kahn, Markus B. Blatz, Avishai Sadan Source Type: journals

N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibits proliferation, collagen gene transcription, and redox stress in rat palatal mucosal cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides a basis to explore NAC-containing biomaterials that are functionalized to control oral soft tissue growth and function without cytotoxicity. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: N. Sato, T. Ueno, K. Kubo, T. Suzuki, N. Tsukimura, W. Att, M. Yamada, N. Hori, H. Maeda, T. Ogawa Source Type: journals

Fatigue limits of enamel bonds with moist and dry techniquesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: Shear fatigue limit (SFL) testing, coupled with shear bond strength (SBS) measurements can provide valuable information regarding the ability of adhesive systems to bond to mineralized tooth structures. The clinical technique for enamel bonding with adhesive resins has shifted from bonding to a thoroughly dried acid conditioned surface to a moist surface to facilitate dentin bonding. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of ethanol-containing etch-and-rinse adhesive (ERA) systems on moist and dry enamel by determining the resin composite to enamel SBS and SFL, and examining the relat...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wayne W. Barkmeier, Robert L. Erickson, Mark A. Latta Source Type: journals

Evaluation of bacteria-induced enamel demineralization using optical profilometryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Streptococcus mutans is considered a major causative of tooth decay due to its ability to rapidly metabolize carbohydrates such as sucrose. One prominent excreted end product of sucrose metabolism is lactic acid. Lactic acid causes a decrease in the pH of the oral environment with subsequent demineralization of the tooth enamel. Biologically relevant bacteria-induced enamel demineralization was studied.Methods: Optical profiling was used to measure tooth enamel decay with vertical resolution under one nanometer and lateral features with optical resolution as a result of S. mutans biofilm exposure. Com...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Sarah E. Cross, Jens Kreth, R. Paul Wali, Richard Sullivan, Wenyuan Shi, James K. Gimzewski Source Type: journals

Setting characteristics and cavity adaptation of low-shrinking resin compositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the setting characteristics of low-shrinking resin composites and examine the possible interactions with curing efficiency and marginal adaptation in dentin cavities.Methods: The materials tested were Ceram X Mono/CM, Premise/PR, Clearfil Majesty/CM, ELS/EL, and Filtek Silorane/FS. Polymerization shrinkage strain (%S), strain rate (%Sr) and time at maximum strain rate (tmax) were measured using the bonded disk method. Curing efficiency was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composites with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Marginal adaptation was measured in unbonded...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dimitris Papadogiannis, Afrodite Kakaboura, George Palaghias, George Eliades Source Type: journals

Tetrahydrofuran as alternative solvent in dental adhesive systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the influence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) on the resin-to-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) after water storage, for 24h and 6 months, and to compare its behavior with that of traditional solvents.Methods: Seven versions of monomer/solvent mixtures (primers) were prepared using the following solvent and water combinations: (1) THF, (2) acetone, (3) ethanol, (4) water, (5) THF/water, (6) acetone/water and (7) ethanol/water. An experimental adhesive resin was also synthesized to compare adhesive systems with the different primers. Forty-two bovine incisors, randomly separated into seven ...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Silvia T. Fontes, Fabrício A. Ogliari, Giana S. Lima, Márcia Bueno, Luis Felipe J. Schneider, Evandro Piva Source Type: journals

Mechanical behavior of facial prosthetic elastomers after outdoor weatheringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The effect of irradiation time on the mechanical behavior was introduced through its effect on the models’ parameters. The hypothesis was rejected since changes were observed in the model parameters. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: P.N. Eleni, I. Katsavou, M.K. Krokida, G.L. Polyzois, L. Gettleman Source Type: journals

Effects of light penetration and smear layer removal on adhesion of post–cores to root canal dentin by self-etching adhesivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effects of light penetration and removal of smear layer on the adhesive properties of self-etching adhesives to root canal dentin when using fiber posts.Methods: Altogether 54 human incisors and premolars were decoronated, and the roots after preparing the post space were randomly assigned into six groups. Three groups were treated with a light-cured self-etching adhesive and the other three with a dual-cured self-etching adhesive. In a further sub-division, the first group was light-cured with an irradiation unit; the second was light-cured with the irradiation unit and a light-guiding attachme...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hongxia Wu, Mikako Hayashi, Kenji Okamura, Evgeni V. Koytchev, Satoshi Imazato, Saori Tanaka, Yuko Tanaka, Hidehiko Sano, Shigeyuki Ebisu Source Type: journals

Bond strength durability of a resin composite on a reinforced ceramic using various repair systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compared the durability of repair bond strength of a resin composite to a reinforced ceramic after three repair systems.Methods: Alumina-reinforced feldspathic ceramic blocks (Vitadur-α®) (N=30) were randomly divided into three groups according to the repair method: PR-Porcelain Repair Kit (Bisco) [etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid+silanization+adhesive]; CJ-CoJet Repair Kit (3M ESPE) [(chairside silica coating with 30μm SiO2+silanization (ESPE®-Sil)+adhesive (Visio™-Bond)]; CL-Clearfil Repair Kit [diamond surface roughening, etching with 40% H3PO4+Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator+Clearfil SE Bond)]. Re...
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mutlu Özcan, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Regina Amaral, Fabiola Leite, Marco Antonio Bottino Source Type: journals

John W. McLean 1925–2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
John McLean was a Clinician—Scientist nonpareil in the traditions of Tomes, Black and Rushton. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dennis Smith Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 26, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Concentration additivity of coefficients for maxillofacial elastomer pigmented to skin colorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine a regression model which performs accurately for predicting Kubelka–Munk (K–M) absorption (K) and scattering (S) coefficients of pigment mixtures in maxillofacial elastomer (MFE).Methods: Specimens at varying thicknesses of 19 shades of skin-colored MFE were made incorporating tan, red, yellow and black pigments. Using a non-contact 45°/0° spectral reflectance system, reflectance values were obtained and fit by non-linear regression to corrected K–M theory to determine observed K and S values. Predicted values were calculated using: first order linear r...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Xingxue Hu, William M. Johnston Source Type: journals

The role of etching in bonding to enamel: A comparison of self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesive systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: Etch and resin infiltration morphologies were compared for three self-etch adhesive (SEA) systems and eleven model etch-and-rinse (ERA) systems using various phosphoric acid (PA) concentrations with Adper Single Bond Plus (SB) adhesive. Matches for the morphologies were made between each SEA system and one of the PA/SB systems and bond strength measurements were made for all the systems. The hypothesis was that similar morphology would result in similar bond strength assuming micro-mechanical bonding is the mechanism of adhesion.Methods: Three specimens were prepared on polished (4000grit) human enamel...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Robert L. Erickson, Wayne W. Barkmeier, Mark A. Latta Source Type: journals

Residual stress in glass: Indentation crack and fractography approachesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compared the indentation technique with the fractographic analysis method for determining the residual stress in the surface of soda-lime–silica glass. The indentation method may be useful for estimating residual stress in glass. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chuchai Anunmana, Kenneth J. Anusavice, John J. Mecholsky Source Type: journals

The influence of various light curing units on the cytotoxicity of dental adhesivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that various light curing units (LCUs) have an influence on the cytotoxic action of adhesive systems.Methods: Samples of the dental adhesives (Syntac®, iBondTM, Clearfil™ Protect Bond, Prime & Bond™ NT, Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™) were prepared in microwell plates, making use of the LCUs Voco Polofil Lux (VPL), EMS Swiss Master Light® (SML) and the LED prototype developed by the IMT of Jena University. To obtain extracts, the samples were topped with cell culture medium, which was changed daily on the 1st to 7th days and then on the 14th, 21st and 28th day, and ...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Bernd W. Sigusch, Torsten Pflaum, Andrea Völpel, Matthias Schinkel, Klaus D. Jandt Source Type: journals

An in vitro evaluation of the efficiency of an air-abrasion system using helium as a propellantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study set out to investigate these claims by comparing the rate at which helium propelled air-abrasion cut a standard enamel analogue, Macor®, versus that of standard air propelled air-abrasion at different propellant pressures.Methods: An enamel substitute, Macor®, was used as the substrate in order to enable a greater control of physical variables. Powder flow rate, air abrasion nozzle distance and angle to the enamel substitute were constant throughout the experiments. The cutting efficiency of air and helium with propellant pressures of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100PSI were dynamically investigated, attempting to repli...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: George Paolinelis, Avijit Banerjee, Timothy F. Watson Source Type: journals

Fracture strength and fatigue resistance of dental resin-based compositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of fiber-reinforcement on the fracture strength and fatigue resistance of resin-based composites.Methods: One hundred rectangular bar-shaped specimens (2mm×2mm×25mm) made of resin-based composite were prepared in a stainless steel split-mould: (i) thirty specimens of particulate filler composite (PFC) (Filtek Z100, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), (ii) thirty specimens of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) (Everstick C&B, Sticktech Ltd., Turku, Finland) and (iii) forty specimens of PFC and FRC combined in two longitudinal layers of equal thicknes...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Filip Keulemans, Prem Palav, Moustafa M.N. Aboushelib, Andy van Dalen, Cornelis J. Kleverlaan, Albert J. Feilzer Source Type: journals

Influence of loading frequency on implant failure under cyclic fatigue conditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Preliminary studies on implant fatigue testing suggested that fractures were more likely to occur at 2Hz than at 30Hz (χ2, p (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Matthias Karl, J. Robert Kelly Source Type: journals

Evaluation of test protocol variables for dental implant fatigue researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: This work begins to explore the influence of cycling rate and environment on fatigue testing of dental implants according to the ISO protocol 14801.Methods: Twenty-four Straumann implants (4.1mm×12mm) were tested up to five million cycles per ISO 14801: loaded at either 2 or 30Hz in room air at 25°C or normal saline at 37°C (n=6 per group). Implant displacements/cycle were captured during all testing. Fracture-surface features were examined using scanning electron microscopy (n=12). Two complimentary methods were developed to estimate fatigue crack growth rates.Results: Failures (bulk fracture) wer...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Cornell K. Lee, Matthias Karl, J. Robert Kelly Source Type: journals

Effects of monomer ratios and highly radiopaque fillers on degree of conversion and shrinkage-strain of dental resin compositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization shrinkage of resin composites are closely related manifestations of the same process. Ideal dental composite would show an optimal degree of conversion and minimal polymerization shrinkage. These seem to be antagonistic goals, as an increase in monomer conversion leads to a high polymerization shrinkage. This paper aims to determine the effect of opaque mineral fillers and monomer ratios on the DC and the shrinkage-strain of experimental composites based on (BisGMA/TEGDMA) monomers (traditionally used monomers). A relationship between the shrinkage-stra...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Amel Amirouche-Korichi, Mohamed Mouzali, David C. Watts Source Type: journals

Determination of the elastic/plastic transition of human enamel by nanoindentationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, nanoindentation with an 8μm spherical indenter was used to determine the elastic/plastic transition under contact loading for enamel.Results: The indentation elastic/plastic transition of enamel at the length scale of several hundreds of hydroxyapatite crystallites, which are within one enamel rod, is revealed for the first time. The corresponding penetration depth at the determined indentation yield point of 1.6GPa and 0.6% strain is only 7nm. As a consequence of the small depth it is decisive for the experiment to calibrate the indenter tip radius in this loading regime. The elastic modulus of 123GPa was ...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Siang Fung Ang, Torben Scholz, Arndt Klocke, Gerold A. Schneider Source Type: journals

Influence of the hydrostatic pulpal pressure on droplets formation in current etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives: A video rate/TSM microscopy and fluid filtration studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the droplet formation using a real-time/confocal microscopy technique, when different self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesives were applied in the presence or absence of pulpal pressure. Resin–dentin permeability (%P) was also evaluated.Methods: Optibond FL, Silorane adhesive, Scotchbond 1XT, G-Bond and DC-Bond were bonded in the presence or in absence of simulated pulpal pressure. A fluid-transport model was used to measure the water permeability through resin-bonded dentin. Half of the specimens bonded in the presence of the hydrostatic pulpal pressure (20...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Salvatore Sauro, Francesco Mannocci, Manuel Toledano, Raquel Osorio, Ian Thompson, Timothy F. Watson Source Type: journals

Fluoride-containing adhesive: Durability on dentin bondingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate (1) the influence of fluoride-containing adhesive on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and (2) in vitro secondary caries inhibition at the resin–dentin interface after 24h and 3 months water-storage and (3) the degree of conversion of different adhesives after 24h 1 month.Methods: Flat surfaces of human teeth were ground and randomly assigned to six groups: (SBMP-24) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose control [SBMP], 24h; (SE-24) SBMP etch and primer+Clearfil SE Bond adhesive [SE], 24h; (PB-24) SBMP etch and primer+Clearfil Protect Bond adhesive [PB], 24h; (SBMP-3) SBMP, 3 months; (SE-3) SBMP+SE,...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mirela S. Shinohara, Mario F. De Goes, Luis Felipe J. Schneider, Jack L. Ferracane, Patricia N.R. Pereira, Vinícius Di Hipólito, Toru Nikaido Source Type: journals

Mold filling and dimensional accuracy of titanium castings in a spinel-based investmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Aim of the study was to analyze the mold filling capacity and the dimensional accuracy of a spinel-based investment for titanium castings.Methods: Expansion of the investment in dependence of the preheating temperature was measured in a dilatometer. The degree of transformation of MgO and Al2O3 to spinel (MgAl2O4) was evaluated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Mold filling capacity was assessed by casting a grid and calculating the percentage of completed segments. Dimensional accuracy was analyzed by casting a hollow cylinder and measuring the difference between the inner diameter of the resin p...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jens Fischer, Andreas Ebinger, Tobias Hägi, Bogna Stawarczyk, Andreas Wenger, Egbert Keller Source Type: journals

Cytotoxicity of polymerized resin cements on human dental pulp cells in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of several resin-based cements (Panavia F, Super-Bond C&B, Chemiace II) after polymerization on cultured human dental pulp cells.Methods: After polymerization, specimens from three resin-based cements were eluted with fresh Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) without serum for 72h, at 37°C, using 0.4g of each substance per milliliter of fresh medium. Elutes obtained during this step were passed through a 0.22-μm filter and diluted with the culture medium by a ratio of 75%, 50%, 25% (v/v). Cytotoxicity of elutes were evaluated by the relative growth rates (RGR) of...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ninghua Kong, Ting Jiang, Zongcan Zhou, Juanling Fu Source Type: journals

Strength of tunnel-restored teeth with different materials and marginal ridge heightEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the strength of the marginal ridge of tunnel preparations with different marginal ridge heights, using different restorative materials.Materials and methods: 120 sound premolars were randomly divided into three groups of standardized tunnel preparations with a remaining marginal ridge height of 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3.5mm, respectively. In each tunnel group, 10 teeth were filled with all four newly developed adhesive materials that had not previously been used in tunnel preparation: Ketac Aplicap, Fuji IX, Fuji II LC and Beautifil Flow F02. The control group comprised...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wei Ji, Zhi Chen, Jo E. Frencken Source Type: journals

Biodegradation of a dental resin material by fibroblast conditioned mediaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: Hydrolytic activity is increased in conditioned media from human gingival and pulp fibroblasts in response to exposure to triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The purpose of this study was to determine if this conditioned media with hydrolytic activity could cause the biodegradation of a dental resin material.Methods: Resin material specimens were stored for 30 days at 37°C in distilled water, unconditioned media, artificial serum, conditioned media from human gingival and pulp fibroblasts and conditioned media from human pulp and gingival fibroblasts that were exposed to TEGDMA. The media was e...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Karen S. Gregson, L. Jack Windsor, Jeffrey A. Platt Source Type: journals

Bonding effectiveness and interfacial characterization of a nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Glass-ionomers (GIs) exhibit excellent clinical bonding effectiveness, but still have shortcomings such as polishability and general aesthetics. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to enamel and dentin of a nano-filled resin-modified GI (nano-RMGI; Ketac N100, 3M-ESPE), and (2) to characterize its interfacial interaction with enamel and dentin using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Methods: The nano-RMGI was used both with and without its primer, while a conventional RMGI restorative material (conv-RMGI; Fuji II LC, GC) and a packable conventional GI cement (...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: E. Coutinho, M.V. Cardoso, J. De Munck, A.A. Neves, K.L. Van Landuyt, A. Poitevin, M. Peumans, P. Lambrechts, B. Van Meerbeek Source Type: journals

Oxygen inhibition and incremental layer bond strengths of resin compositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: When dentists light cure resin composite restorations in increments or after contouring the surface layer to shape with a hand instrument the surface layer is exposed to air during polymerization. The presence of an oxygen inhibited resin surface layer may impact on clinical performance. Conflicting data has been produced in vitro regarding this topic.Methods: To shed further light on this subject the current investigation assessed the thickness of the oxygen inhibited layer (OIL) and subsequent interfacial bond strength at various times post-cure of an “initial increment” for a range of experimen...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Essam S. Shawkat, Adrian C. Shortall, Owen Addison, William M. Palin Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural characterization of tooth–biomaterial interfaces prepared with broad and focused ion beamsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Current available techniques for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of tooth–biomaterial interfaces are mostly ineffective for brittle phases and impair integrated chemical and morphological characterization.Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the applicability of new focused ion beam (FIB) and broad ion beam (BIB) techniques for TEM preparation of tooth–biomaterial interfaces; (2) to characterize the interfacial interaction with enamel and dentin of a conventional glass-ionomer (Chemfil Superior, DeTrey Dentsply, Germany), a 2-step self-etch (Clearfil SE, Kuraray, Japan) and a 3-step...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: E. Coutinho, T. Jarmar, F. Svahn, A.A. Neves, B. Verlinden, B. Van Meerbeek, H. Engqvist Source Type: journals

Effect of the amount of 3-methacyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent on physical properties of dental resin nanocompositesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the amount of 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) coupling agent on some physical–mechanical properties of an experimental resin composite for understanding the optimum amount of silanization.Methods: Silica nanoparticles (Aerosil OX 50) used as filler were silanized with 5 different amounts of γ-MPS 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10wt% relative to silica. The silanizated silica nanoparticles were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then the silanized nanoparticles (60wt%) were mixed with a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA ...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Irini D. Sideridou, Maria M. Karabela Source Type: journals

Three-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance and wear of a nanocomposite versus a hybrid compositeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: At 3 years, nanocomposite and microhybrid composite meet ADA Acceptance Guidelines (2001) for tooth-colored restorative materials for posterior teeth. (Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Senthamaraiselvi Palaniappan, Dimple Bharadwaj, Daniela Lima Mattar, Marleen Peumans, Bart Van Meerbeek, Paul Lambrechts Source Type: journals

Effect of processing induced particle alignment on the fracture toughness and fracture behavior of multiphase dental ceramicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the processing induced particle alignment on fracture behavior of four multiphase dental ceramics (one porcelain, two glass–ceramics and a glass-infiltrated–alumina composite).Methods: Disks (Ø12mm×1.1mm-thick) and bars (3mm×4mm×20mm) of each material were processed according to manufacturer instructions, machined and polished. Fracture toughness (KIc) was determined by the indentation strength method using 3-point bending and biaxial flexure fixtures for the fracture of bars and disks, respectively. Microstructural and fractographic analyses were performed with scanning electron...
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Carla C. Gonzaga, Cristina Yuri Okada, Paulo F. Cesar, Walter G. Miranda, Humberto N. Yoshimura Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Dental Materials)
Source: Dental Materials - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Effect of dentinal tubules and resin-based endodontic sealers on fracture properties of root dentinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the role of dentinal tubules in the fracture properties of human root dentin and whether resin-filled dentinal tubules can enhance fracture resistance.Materials and methods: Crack propagation in human root dentin was investigated in 200μm thick longitudinal samples and examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. 30 maxillary premolar teeth were prepared for work of fracture (Wf) test at different tubule orientations, one perpendicular and two parallel to dentinal tubules. Another 40 single canal premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each: intact dentin, prepared...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Angsana Jainaen, Joseph E.A. Palamara, Harold H. Messer Tags: Online only article Source Type: journals

Deformation analysis of the periodontium considering the viscoelasticity of the periodontal ligamentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the present work was, by means of a combined experimental and numerical approach, to investigate the full-field distributions of displacement, stress and strain, and their evolution with loading in the entire fresh periodontium under an externally applied force.Methods: In situ intrusion tests were performed to identify the nonlinear, viscoelastic behavior of the periodontal ligament (PDL) of a pig mandible; a digital image correlation method was applied to examine the full-field deformation patterns in the entire periodontium. The finite element (FE) model was created based on the actual a...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Lihe Qian, Mitsugu Todo, Yasuyuki Morita, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Kiyoshi Koyano Source Type: journals

Effects of ethanol addition on the water sorption/solubility and percent conversion of comonomers in model dental adhesivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the kinetics of water uptake and percent conversion in neat versus ethanol-solvated resins that were formulated to be used as dental bonding agents.Methods: Five methacrylate-based resins of known and increasing hydrophilicities (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5) were used as reference materials. Resins were evaluated as neat bonding agents (100% resin) or they were solvated with absolute ethanol (95% resin/5% ethanol or 85% resin/15% ethanol). Specimens were prepared by dispensing the uncured resin into a circular mold (5.8mm×0.8mm). Photo-activation was performed for 80s. The water sorption/diffusion/solubilit...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Juliana Malacarne-Zanon, David H. Pashley, Kelli A. Agee, Stephen Foulger, Marcelo Corrêa Alves, Lorenzo Breschi, Milena Cadenaro, Fernanda P. Garcia, Marcela R. Carrilho Source Type: journals

Influence of chlorhexidine on the degree of conversion and E-modulus of experimental adhesive blendsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) content on degree of conversion (DC) and E-modulus of experimental adhesive blends. The hypothesis tested was that increasing concentrations of CHX result in decreased DC and E-modulus in relation to adhesive hydrophilicity.Methods: Experimental adhesive blends with increasing hydrophilicity R2 (70% bisGMA, 28.75% TEGDMA); R3 (70% BisGMA, 28.75% HEMA); R4 (40% BisGMA, 30% TCDM, 28.75% TEGDMA); R5 (40% BisGMA, 30% BisMP, 28.75% HEMA) and different CHX concentrations (1 and 5%) were analyzed. 5% CHX could not be dissolved in R2. A differential scanning calorimeter was use...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: M. Cadenaro, D.H. Pashley, G. Marchesi, M. Carrilho, F. Antoniolli, A. Mazzoni, F.R. Tay, R. Di Lenarda, L. Breschi Source Type: journals

Thickness of CAD–CAM composite resin overlays influences fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolarsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: Evaluate the influence of composite resin CAD–CAM restoration thickness on the in vitro fatigue resistance and failure mode of overlay-type restoration in endodontically treated premolars.Methods: Thirty extracted premolars received root canal treatment followed by a standardized tooth preparation (1.5-, 2.5- or 3.5-mm cusp reduction, proximal gingival margins located 1.5mm below the CEJ, glass-ionomer base and immediately sealed dentin with Optibond FL). Restorations were milled using Cerec3 and FiltekMZ100 composite blocks. The intaglio surfaces of the overlays were sandblasted and silanated. Toot...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Pascal Magne, Alena Knezevic Source Type: journals

Probability of interface imperfections within SEM cross-sections of adhesively luted GFPEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objectives: To calculate the probability of interface imperfections within SEM cross-sections of adhesively luted GFP depending on the level of analysis and the cement application method by means of LOM (light-optical microscopic evaluation method).Material and methods: Four groups of artificial root canals received GFPs (n=5) under following experimental conditions: I=RelyX™ Unicem, applied with application aid, II=RelyX™ Unicem, III=Panavia F 2.0 and IV=Variolink II. In groups II–IV only posts were loaded with cement (i.e. conventional post cementation). After GFP cementation, standardized photographs wer...
Source: Dental Materials - August 27, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: R. Watzke, R. Frankenberger, M. Naumann Source Type: journals