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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the criminal justice system.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The life-long neurological impairments found in people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), including learning disabilities, impulsivity, hyperactivity, social ineptness, and poor judgment, can increase susceptibility to victimization and involvement in the criminal justice system (CJS). Individuals with FASDs become involved in the CJS as complainants, witnesses, and accused. Their disabilities, resulting from the prenatal alcohol exposure, must be considered at all stages in the legal process. Adverse experiences, such as having a dysfunctional family background, mental health problems, and substance use di...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Fast DK, Conry J Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Intervention for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Treatment approaches and case management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article will review treatment needs and considerations for individuals with FASDs and their families, current empirically tested treatment approaches, case management issues, and suggestions for future directions in research on the treatment of FASDs. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:258-267. PMID: 19731383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Paley B, O'Connor MJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Researching the epidemiology and estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) for mainstream populations anywhere in the world has presented a challenge to researchers. Three major approaches have been used in the past: surveillance and record review systems, clinic-based studies, and active case ascertainment methods. The literature on each of these methods is reviewed citing the strengths, weaknesses, prevalence results, and other practical considerations for each method. Previous conclusions about the prevalence of FAS and total FASD in the United States...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: May PA, Gossage JP, Kalberg WO, Robinson LK, Buckley D, Manning M, Hoyme HE Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neurocognitive profile in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The question of whether children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit a unique neurocognitive profile has received considerable attention over the past three decades. The identification of a syndrome-specific neurocognitive profile would aid in diagnosing prenatally exposed children with cognitive deficits who do not exhibit clinically discernable physical anomalies. The current review of the literature, therefore, focuses on the studies of higher-order cognitive skills in children with FASDs with a view towards delineating a pattern of cognitive functioning. Researchers have documented that children wi...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Kodituwakku PW Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the identification of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) over 35 years ago, mounting evidence about the impact of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has prompted increased attention to the link between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and a constellation of developmental disabilities that are characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. These disabilities include a continuum of developmental disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Longitudinal studies suggest that individuals with FASDs are at a greatly increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes, including mental h...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: O'Connor MJ, Paley B Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Impact of the social environment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have been used to demonstrate the specificity of alcohol's teratogenic effects and some of the underlying changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and, more recently, to explore ways to ameliorate the effects of alcohol. The main point of this review is to highlight research findings from the animal literature which point to the impact of the social context or social behavior on the effect(s) of alcohol exposure during development, and also to point to research questions about the social environment and effects of prenatal alcohol exposure that remain to be ans...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Kelly SJ, Goodlett CR, Hannigan JH Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

"Family matters:" Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the family.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article integrates multiple information sources to better understand the role of family factors in the outcome of individuals with FASD, and how the family is affected by raising a child with this lifelong condition. A brief description of the useful informal literature is brought together with a review of the surprisingly limited body of systematic research findings on FASD and caregiver/family function, and new data describing children with FASD and characteristics of their caregivers. Directions for future data-gathering and intervention development emerge from combining what is already known with an exploration of...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Olson HC, Oti R, Gelo J, Beck S Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Introduction: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders-Shedding light on an unseen disability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19731389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Paley B Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: When science, medicine, public policy, and laws collide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an overview of the inherent confusion when new scientific findings confront prevailing medical practice, the history involved in this confusion with respect to FASD, including public policy and legal issues that have arisen around alcohol and pregnancy, and the research and clinical challenges still being faced. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:170-175. PMID: 19731390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Warren KR, Hewitt BG Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neuroimaging and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain include structural brain anomalies as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Initial neuroimaging studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed previous autopsy reports of overall reduction in brain volume and central nervous system (CNS) disorganization, with specific structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, caudate, and hippocampus. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed detection of regional increases in cortical thickness and gray matter volume along wi...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Norman AL, Crocker N, Mattson SN, Riley EP Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report reviews evidence supporting alcohol screening and brief intervention as an effective approach to reducing problem drinking and AEPs that can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In addition, this article highlights a recent report of the National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect that describes effective interventions to reduce alcohol use and AEPs, and outlines recommendations on promoting and improving these strategies. Utilizing evidence-based alcohol screening tools and brief counseling for women at risk for an AEP and other effective population-based strategies can help ach...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - September 2, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Floyd RL, Weber MK, Denny C, O'Connor MJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury: current and future predictors of functional outcome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although neuroimaging has long played a role in the acute management of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), until recently, its use as a tool for understanding and predicting long-term brain-behavior relationships after TBI has been limited by the relatively poor sensitivity of routine clinical imaging for detecting diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Newer magnetic resonance-based imaging techniques demonstrate improved sensitivity to DAI. Early research suggests that these techniques hold promise for identifying imaging predictors and correlates of chronic function, both globally and within specific neuropsychological d...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Suskauer SJ, Huisman TA Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Predictors of outcome following acquired brain injury in children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the current literature on predicting outcomes after pediatric ABI, and areas in need of further research are discussed. PMID: 19489083 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Johnson AR, DeMatt E, Salorio CF Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Plasticity in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neuronal plasticity allows the central nervous system to learn skills and remember information, to reorganize neuronal networks in response to environmental stimulation, and to recover from brain and spinal cord injuries. Neuronal plasticity is enhanced in the developing brain and it is usually adaptive and beneficial but can also be maladaptive and responsible for neurological disorders in some situations. Basic mechanisms that are involved in plasticity include neurogenesis, programmed cell death, and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stimulation of synapses can cause long-term potentiation or long-t...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Johnston MV Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Cognitive rehabilitation for children with acquired brain injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive deficits are frequent consequences of acquired brain injury (ABI) and often require intervention. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on cognitive rehabilitation in a variety of treatment domains including attention, memory, unilateral neglect, speech and language, executive functioning, and family involvement/education. Because there are more well-designed studies examining the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in adults with brain injury, the major findings from this body of literature are also highlighted. In addition, given that similar cognitive and behavioral concerns are often apparen...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Slomine B, Locascio G Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

School reentry for children with acquired central nervous systems injuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Onset of acquired central nervous system (CNS) injury during the normal developmental process of childhood can have impact on cognitive, behavioral, and motor function. This alteration of function often necessitates special education programming, modifications, and accommodations in the education setting for successful school reentry. Special education is not necessarily a special classroom, but an individualized set of educational needs, determined by a multidisciplinary school team, to promote educational success. The purpose of this article is to inform those pediatricians and pediatric allied health professionals t...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Carney J, Porter P Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

A review of family intervention guidelines for pediatric acquired brain injuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pediatric acquired brain injury (BI) not only affects the child with the injury, but also greatly impacts their family. Studies suggest there are higher rates of caregiver and sibling psychological distress after a child in the family has sustained a BI. Also, family functioning after BI impacts the child's recovery. In reviewing the literature, we identified seven theoretical clinical guidelines for working with families of children and adolescents with BI. These clinical guidelines are as follows: (1) select developmentally appropriate interventions, (2) match the intervention to the family, (3) provide advocacy, (4)...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Cole WR, Paulos SK, Cole CA, Tankard C Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT): pediatric applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this article is to describe theoretical and research bases for constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), to discuss key features and variations in protocols currently in use with children, and to review the results of studies of efficacy. CIMT has been found to be an effective intervention for increasing functional use of the hemiparetic upper extremity in adults with chronic disability from stroke. CIMT developed out of behavioral research on the phenomenon of "learned nonuse" of an upper extremity, commonly observed following sensory and/or motor CNS injury, in which failure to regain use persists ev...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Brady K, Garcia T Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Introduction: acquired central nervous system injuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19489089 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Christensen JR, Pidcock FS Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Behavior management for children and adolescents with acquired brain injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Behavioral problems such as disinhibition, irritability, restlessness, distractibility, and aggression are common after acquired brain injury (ABI). The persistence and severity of these problems impair the brain-injured individual's reintegration into family, school, and community life. Since the early 1980s, behavior analysis and therapy have been used to address the behavioral sequelae of ABI. These interventions are based on principles of learning and behavior that have been robustly successful when applied across a broad range of other clinical populations. Most of the research on behavioral treatment after ABI ha...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Slifer KJ, Amari A Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Activity-based restorative therapies: concepts and applications in spinal cord injury-related neurorehabilitation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews basic and clinical science evidence pertaining to implementation of physical activity and exercise as a therapeutic tool in the management of chronic spinal cord-related neurological paralysis. PMID: 19489091 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Sadowsky CL, McDonald JW Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematical learning disabilities in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) occur frequently in children with specific genetic disorders, like Turner syndrome, fragile X syndrome and neurofibromatosis. This review focuses on MLD in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). This syndrome is the most common known microdeletion syndrome with a prevalence of at least 1:4000 to 1:6000 live births. Although the clinical presentation of 22q11DS is quite variable, its major characteristics include velopharyngeal abnormalities, congenital cardiac anomalies, mild facial dysmorphism and learning difficulties. Children with 22q11DS show consider...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: De Smedt B, Swillen A, Verschaffel L, Ghesquière P Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Why can't Johnny remember the basic facts?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Memorizing the basic number combinations, such as 9 + 7 = 16 and 16 - 9 = 7, is a punishing and insurmountable task for children with difficulties learning mathematics. Two perspectives on such learning lead to different conclusions about the primary source of this key learning difficulty. According to the conventional wisdom (the Passive Storage View), memorizing a basic fact is a simple form of learning-merely forming and strengthening an association between an expression and its answer. The two primary reasons this simple form of learning does not occur are inadequate practice or, in cases where adequate practice ha...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Baroody AJ, Bajwa NP, Eiland M Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Socioeconomic variation, number competence, and mathematics learning difficulties in young children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an overview of children's mathematics difficulties in relation to socioeconomic status (SES). We review foundations for early mathematics learning and key characteristics of mathematics learning difficulties. A particular focus is the delays or deficiencies in number competencies exhibited by low-income children entering school. Weaknesses in number competence can be reliably identified in early childhood, and there is good evidence that most children have the capacity to develop number competence that lays the foundation for later learning. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:60-68....
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Jordan NC, Levine SC Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematical skills in Williams syndrome: Insight into the importance of underlying representations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the evidence on mathematical ability in WS, focusing on the integrity and developmental path of two fundamental representations, namely those that support judgments of "how much" (i.e., magnitude) and "how many" (i.e., number of objects). Studies on magnitude or "number line" representation in WS suggest that this core aspect of mathematical ability, is atypical in WS throughout development, causing differences on some but not all aspects of math. Studies on the representation of small numbers of objects in WS are also reviewed, given the proposed links between this type of representation and early num...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: O'Hearn K, Luna B Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematical development in spina bifida.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Spina bifida (SB) is a neural tube defect diagnosed before or at birth that is associated with a high incidence of math disability often without co-occurring difficulties in reading. SB provides an interesting population within which to examine the development of mathematical abilities and disability across the lifespan and in relation to the deficits in visual-spatial processing that are also associated with the disorder. An overview of math and its cognitive correlates in preschoolers, school-age children and adults with SB is presented including the findings from a longitudinal study linking early executive function...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: English LH, Barnes MA, Taylor HB, Landry SH Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

A review of mathematical learning disabilities in children with fragile X syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prevalence rate of mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) among children with fragile X syndrome who do not meet criteria for intellectual and developmental disabilities ( approximately 50% of female children) exceeds the rate reported in the general population. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (1) to review the findings on MLD in persons with fragile X syndrome; and (2) to discuss fragile X syndrome as a possible model for understanding pathways to MLD. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:21-27. PMID: 19213014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Murphy MM Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematical learning disability in girls with Turner syndrome: A challenge to defining MLD and its subtypes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Turner syndrome is a common disorder with a prevalence of 1:2,500 live female births. Although not associated with mental retardation, there is an increased risk of learning difficulties in this population. In particular, mathematical learning difficulties among girls with Turner syndrome are prevalent, significant, and persistent. As such, the study of mathematical performance in girls with Turner syndrome presents opportunities to advance our knowledge of mathematics ability, disability, and disability subtypes. Moreover, the Turner syndrome phenotype illustrates the challenges faced when defining mathematical learni...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Mazzocco MM Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) or very preterm birth (VPTB, <32 weeks gestational age or GA) have more mathematics disabilities or deficiencies (MD) and higher rates of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) than normal birth weight term-born children (NBW, >2500 g and >36 weeks GA). MD are found even in children without global disorders in cognition or neurosensory status and when IQ is controlled, and they are associated with other learning problems and weaknesses in perceptual motor abilities and executive function. Factors related to poorer mathematics outcomes include lower birth ...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Taylor HG, Espy KA, Anderson PJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

An introduction to the special issue: Pathways to mathematical learning difficulties and disabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19213017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Mazzocco MM Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Potential influences on mathematical difficulties in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis, type 1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF-1) is a common genetic disorder affecting 1 in 3,500-4,000 individuals in the world. Mutations of the NF-1 gene produce a myriad of physical, medical, and psychological manifestations. Although there is a very high degree of variability in the manifestations between individuals with NF-1, the majority of children and adolescents with NF-1 encounter difficulties that negatively impact their educational attainment. NF-1 is associated with a very high incidence of cognitive deficits and learning disability, sometimes including mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). A number of possible int...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Moore BD Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Mathematical learning disabilities in special populations: Phenotypic variation and cross-disorder comparisons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
What is mathematical learning disability (MLD)? The reviews in this special issue adopt different approaches to defining the construct of MLD. Collectively, they demonstrate the current status of efforts to establish a consensus definition and the challenges faced in this endeavor. In this commentary, we reflect upon the proposed pathways to mathematical learning difficulties and disabilities presented across the reviews. Specifically we consider how each of the reviews contributes to identifying the MLD phenotype by specifying the range of assets and deficits in mathematics, identifying sources of individual variation...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - February 11, 2009 Category: Disability Authors: Dennis M, Berch DB, Mazzocco MM Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Cognitive neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current status and working hypotheses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive neuroscience studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggest multiple loci of pathology with respect to both cognitive domains and neural circuitry. Cognitive deficits extend beyond executive functioning to include spatial, temporal, and lower-level "nonexecutive" functions. Atypical functional anatomy extends beyond frontostriatal circuits to include posterior cortices, limbic regions, and the cerebellum. Pathophysiology includes dopaminergic as well as noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems. We review the major insights gained from functional brain imaging studies in ADHD and discuss work...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Vaidya CJ, Stollstorff M Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Inhibitory functioning across ADHD subtypes: Recent findings, clinical implications, and future directions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes major findings in the area of inhibitory performance in ADHD and highlights recent research suggesting important areas of divergence between the subtypes. In particular, preliminary findings point to potential differences between the subtypes with respect to how children process important contextual information from the environment, such as preparatory cues that precede responses and rewarding or punishing feedback following behavior. These suggestive findings are discussed in the context of treatment implications, which could involve differential intervention approaches for each subtype targeted to ...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Adams ZW, Derefinko KJ, Milich R, Fillmore MT Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Attention deficits, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and intellectual disabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its earlier nosologic classifications have been extensively investigated since the 1960s, with PubMed listings alone exceeding 13,000 entries. Strides have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in individuals with intellectual function in the normal range, as described in companion reviews in this special issue. In contrast, comparatively little is known about ADHD in intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD) despite the possibility that ADHD is statistically overrepresented among individuals with IDD (Pearson et al. 1997 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Deutsch CK, Dube WV, McIlvane WJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Peer problems in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current status and future directions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article extends previous reviews regarding the peer problems of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in several ways. In addition to summarizing past and current literature regarding the social behaviors of children with ADHD, these behaviors are discussed in terms of subtype and gender differences and treatment implications. Given limited effectiveness of treatment options, whether it be medication, behavioral modification, or social skills training, there is a need to examine additional factors that may contribute to the social impairment of children with ADHD. Therefore, this review focuses...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: McQuade JD, Hoza B Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Enhancing academic achievement for children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from school-based intervention research.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant academic difficulties in school settings, considerably less attention is devoted to remediating their academic problems when compared to behavioral and social difficulties. The purpose of this article is to review empirically supported academic interventions for children with ADHD. Specific evidence-based academic interventions are described under the categories of reading and mathematics, with examples that illustrate teacher-mediated interventions focusing on basic skills (e.g., phonological awareness in reading, mathematics co...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Jitendra AK, Dupaul GJ, Someki F, Tresco KE Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Introduction: ADHD and modifiers of the syndrome: Influences on educational outcomes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19072755 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Denckla MB Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

The neurobiological profile of girls with ADHD.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since boys are more commonly diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) than girls, the majority of theories and published research studies of ADHD have been based on samples comprised primarily (or exclusively) of boys. While psychosocial impairment in girls with ADHD is well established, the neuropsychological and neurobiological basis of these deficits is less consistently observed. There is growing evidence that boys' and girls' brains develop and mature at different rates, suggesting that the trajectory of early anomalous brain development in ADHD may also be sex-specific. It remains unclear, h...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Mahone EM, Wodka EL Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the context of a high intellectual quotient/giftedness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diagnosis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with a high intellectual quotient (IQ) and/or giftedness is controversial with many opinions existing on both sides of the debate. Relationships between IQ and cognitive vulnerabilities frequently described in the ADHD population vary in strength. Data asserting the validity of ADHD in the high IQ/giftedness population are discussed with comparisons made to average IQ ADHD. Educational implications of having ADHD in thecontext of a high IQ/giftedness are presented. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:293-299. PMID: 190727...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Antshel KM Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the research literature on psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the context of the developmental and contextual needs of this population (e.g., increased parenting demands, differences in classroom structure, and the child's emerging developmental capacities). Discussion of the findings and limitations of existing studies is provided for parent-training approaches, classroom management strategies, and multimodal treatments. Although the empirical base is quite small for ADHD-specific samples, parent-training interventions have the g...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Laforett DR, Murray DW, Kollins SH Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

ADHD in college students: Developmental findings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
According to the American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR, 2000], Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 3-7% of the school aged population and 2-4% of the adult population. Recently, college students with ADHD have begun to receive more attention, largely due to the increase in numbers of high school students with ADHD pursuing higher education, as well as reports of prescription stimulant misuse on college campuses. The purpose of the present article is to summarize major research findings concerning developmental issues facing college students with ADHD. Overall, findings suggest th...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - December 12, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Weyandt LL, Dupaul GJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Introduction: Survivors of childhood cancer: The new face of developmental disabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18924153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Waber DP, Pomeroy SL Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neurodevelopmental sequelae of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review will describe the neurocognitive outcomes associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its treatment. The literature is reviewed with the aim of addressing methodological issues, treatment factors, risks and moderators, special populations, relationship to neuroimaging findings, and directions for future research. It is concluded that neurocognitive outcomes for the majority of children with standard-risk ALL treated according to current chemotherapy protocols is relatively good, but subgroups of children are more significantly compromised. As medical treatments advance and survival rate...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Janzen LA, Spiegler BJ Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Cranial radiation therapy and damage to hippocampal neurogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cranial radiation therapy is associated with a progressive decline in cognitive function, prominently memory function. Impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis is thought to be an important mechanism underlying this cognitive decline. Recent work has elucidated the mechanisms of radiation-induced failure of neurogenesis. Potential therapeutic interventions are emerging. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:238-242. PMID: 18924155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews)
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Monje M Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Developmental perspectives on optimizing educational and vocational outcomes in child and adult survivors of cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a model for understanding systemic interactions among the multiple factors that influence the child's development over time and take into account contextual variables. Strategies for optimizing cognitive and psychosocial outcomes or ameliorating late effects need to consider treatment histories, specific stages of development, the contextual demands/developmental challenges associated with each, and the resources (internal and external to the child) available to meet these challenges. The challenges faced by survivors at the early childhood, middle childhood, adolescent, and emerging adulthood stages are discuss...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Rey-Casserly C, Meadows ME Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Interventions to improve neuropsychological functioning in childhood cancer survivors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A very brief historical review on the identification of neurocognitive deficits in patients treated for a pediatric malignancy that involved CNS disease, treatment, or a combination is provided. This review is particularly directed toward providing a foundation upon which the introduction of specific brain injury rehabilitation efforts and subsequent research were introduced into this population of patients. Three primary methods by which clinicians and researchers have attempted to improve neurocognitive functioning with survivors of pediatric cancer that have suffered a CNS insult are identified. From a pharmacologic...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Butler RW, Sahler OJ, Askins MA, Alderfer MA, Katz ER, Phipps S, Noll RB Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with low-grade gliomas.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As a group, children with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) enjoy a high rate of long-term survival and do not require the intensity of neurotoxic treatments used with higher risk pediatric brain tumors. Because they are generally considered to have favorable neurobehavioral outcomes, they have not been studied as thoroughly as higher-grade brain tumors by late-effects researchers. In this article, we review the literature on the neurobehavioral effects associated with low-grade gliomas and conclude that, (1) this is a large, understudied group of survivors of pediatric brain tumors; (2) recent small- and large-scale studies do...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Ris MD, Beebe DW Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Neurodevelopmental impact on children treated for medulloblastoma: A review and proposed conceptual model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The population of survivors following diagnosis and treatment for medulloblastoma is thankfully on the rise. An increased focus on the quality of that survivorship has expanded the concept of cure to include efforts aimed at improving long-term cognitive outcome. It is well established in the literature that decline in overall intellect and academic performance is experienced by a majority of those undergoing treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma. This decline is believed to be secondary to decline in core cognitive abilities, which in turn are related to underlying damage to neuroanatomical substrates. A review of r...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Palmer SL Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals

Pharmacogenetics of the neurodevelopmental impact of anticancer chemotherapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacogenetics holds the promise of minimizing adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes of cancer patients by identifying patients at risk, enabling the individualization of treatment and the planning of close follow-up and early remediation. This review focuses first on methotrexate, a drug often implicated in neurotoxicity, especially when used in combination with brain irradiation. The second focus is on glucocorticoids that have been found to be linked to adverse developmental effects in relation with the psychosocial environment. For both examples, we review how polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in spe...
Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews - October 15, 2008 Category: Disability Authors: Robaey P, Krajinovic M, Marcoux S, Moghrabi A Tags: Dev Disabil Res Rev Source Type: journals