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Inferring the outcome of an ongoing novel action at 13 months.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many studies have demonstrated that infants can attribute goals to observed actions, whether they are presented live by familiar agents or on a computer screen by abstract figures. However, because most, if not all, of these studies rely on the repeated action presentations typical of infant studies, it is not clear whether infants are simply recognizing the completed action as goal directed, or whether they can productively infer a not-yet-achieved outcome from an ongoing action. We investigated this question by presenting 13-month-old infants with a single animated chasing event. Infants looked longer at the outcome of t...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Southgate, Victoria; Csibra, Gergely Source Type: journals

Logging on, bouncing back: An experimental investigation of online communication following social exclusion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tested the hypothesis that online communication with an unknown peer facilitates recovery from the acute aversive effects of social exclusion and examined whether this benefit may be greater for adolescents compared with young adults. A total of 72 young adults (mean age = 18.4 years) and 51 adolescents (mean age = 12.5 years) were randomly assigned to undergo a standardized laboratory induction of social inclusion or exclusion, followed by 12 min of either communication with an unfamiliar other-sex peer or solitary computer game play. Compared with solitary game play, instant messaging with an unfamiliar peer f...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Gross, Elisheva F. Source Type: journals

Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been gaining attention, partly as an example of unusual developmental trajectories related to early neurobiological differences. The present investigation addressed the process of learning new words to explore mechanisms of language delay and impairment. The sample included 21 typically developing toddlers matched on expressive vocabulary with 21 young children with ASD. Two tasks were administered to teach children a new word and were supplemented by cognitive and diagnostic measures. In most analyses, there were no group differences in performance. Children with ASD did not consistent...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Luyster, Rhiannon; Lord, Catherine Source Type: journals

A process analysis of the transmission of distress from interparental conflict to parenting: Adult relationship security as an explanatory mechanism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Toward advancing conceptualizations of the spillover hypothesis, this study examined the conditions and mechanisms underlying the transmission of distress from the interparental relationship to parenting difficulties over a 2-year period in a sample of 233 mothers (M = 35.0 years) and fathers (M = 36.8 years) of kindergarten children. Findings from autoregressive structural equation models indicated that parents’ gender moderated associations between interparental conflict and parental psychological control and insensitivity to children’s negative affect. Pathways between interparental conflict and parenting difficulti...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Davies, Patrick T.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Woitach, Meredith J.; Cummings, E. Mark Source Type: journals

Nonshared environmental mediation of the association between deviant peer affiliation and adolescent externalizing behaviors over time: Results from a cross-lagged monozygotic twin differences design.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been argued that peers are the most important agent of adolescent socialization and, more specifically, that this socialization process occurs at the child-specific (or nonshared environmental) level (J. R. Harris, 1998; R. Plomin & Asbury, 2005). The authors sought to empirically evaluate this nonshared environmental peer influence hypothesis by examining the association between externalizing behaviors and deviant peer affiliation in a sample of 454 pairs of monozygotic (genetically identical) twins, assessed at ages 14 and 17, within a cross-lagged twin differences design. Results argued against a causal nonshared...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Burt, S. Alexandra; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G. Source Type: journals

Children’s representations of family relationships, peer information processing, and school adjustment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined children’s peer information processing as an explanatory mechanism underlying the association between their insecure representations of interparental and parent–child relationships and school adjustment in a sample of 210 first graders. Consistent with emotional security theory (P. T. Davies & E. M. Cummings, 1994), results indicated that children’s insecure representations of the interparental relationship were indirectly related to their academic functioning through association with their negative information processing of stressful peer events. Insecure interparental relationships were specific...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bascoe, Sonnette M.; Davies, Patrick T.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Cummings, E. Mark Source Type: journals

Semantic meaning and pragmatic interpretation in 5-year-olds: Evidence from real-time spoken language comprehension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent research on children’s inferencing has found that although adults typically adopt the pragmatic interpretation of some (implying not all), 5- to 9-year-olds often prefer the semantic interpretation of the quantifier (meaning possibly all). Do these failures reflect a breakdown of pragmatic competence or the metalinguistic demands of prior tasks? In 3 experiments, the authors used the visual-world eye-tracking paradigm to elicit an implicit measure of adults’ and children’s abilities to generate scalar implicatures. Although adults’ eye-movements indicated that adults had interpreted some with the pragmatic i...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Huang, Yi Ting; Snedeker, Jesse Source Type: journals

Reciprocity in parenting of adolescents within the context of marital negativity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors investigated the degree to which parents become more similar to each other over time in their childrearing behaviors. Mothers and fathers of 451 adolescents were assessed at 3 points in time, with 2-year lags between each assessment. Data on parent warmth, harshness, and monitoring were collected by parent self-report, adolescent report, and observer ratings of family interactions. After controlling for earlier levels of parenting, parent education, and adolescent deviancy, spouse’s parenting and marital negativity were significant predictors of later parenting. Marital negativity tended to be a stronger pred...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Schofield, Thomas J.; Conger, Rand D.; Martin, Monica J.; Stockdale, Gary D.; Conger, Katherine J.; Widaman, Keith F. Source Type: journals

Mothers’ and fathers’ personality and parenting: The mediating role of sense of competence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This prospective longitudinal study addressed 3 key questions regarding the processes of parenting in a large community sample of mothers (n = 589) and fathers (n = 518). First, the collective impact of parental Big Five personality dimensions on overreactive and warm parenting, assessed 6 years later by adolescents, was examined. Second, mediation of these associations by sense of competence in the parenting role was addressed. Third, it was explored to what extent associations were similar for mothers and fathers. Agreeableness and Extraversion were related to lower levels of overreactivity and higher levels of warmth. S...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: de Haan, Amaranta D.; Prinzie, Peter; Dekovic, Maja Source Type: journals

Experiences of discrimination among Chinese American adolescents and the consequences for socioemotional and academic development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This longitudinal study examined the influences of discrimination on socioemotional adjustment and academic performance for a sample of 444 Chinese American adolescents. Using autoregressive and cross-lagged techniques, the authors found that discrimination in early adolescence predicted depressive symptoms, alienation, school engagement, and grades in middle adolescence but that early socioemotional adjustment and academic performance did not predict later experiences of discrimination. Further, their investigation of whether earlier or contemporaneous experiences of discrimination influenced developmental outcomes in mid...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Benner, Aprile D.; Kim, Su Yeong Source Type: journals

Reconciling the self and morality: An empirical model of moral centrality development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study advances the reconciliation model, which explains this anomaly within a developmental framework by positing that the relationship between the self’s interests and moral concerns ideally transforms from one of mutual competition to one of synergy. The degree to which morality is central to an individual’s identity—or moral centrality—was operationalized in terms of values advanced implicitly in self-understanding narratives; a measure was developed and then validated. Participants were 97 university students who responded to a self-understanding interview and to several measures of morally relevant behavi...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Frimer, Jeremy A.; Walker, Lawrence J. Source Type: journals

Trajectories of antisocial behavior and psychosocial maturity from adolescence to young adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most theorizing about desistance from antisocial behavior in late adolescence has emphasized the importance of individuals’ transition into adult roles. In contrast, little research has examined how psychological development in late adolescence and early adulthood contributes desistance. The present study examined trajectories of antisocial behavior among serious juvenile offenders from 14 through 22 years of age and tested how impulse control, suppression of aggression, future orientation, consideration of others, personal responsibility, and resistance to peer influence distinguished between youths who persisted in ant...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Monahan, Kathryn C.; Steinberg, Laurence; Cauffman, Elizabeth; Mulvey, Edward P. Source Type: journals

Does the conceptual distinction between singular and plural sets depend on language?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies indicate that English-learning children acquire the distinction between singular and plural nouns between 22 and 24 months of age. Also, their use of the distinction is correlated with the capacity to distinguish nonlinguistically between singular and plural sets in a manual search paradigm (D. Barner, D. Thalwitz, J. Wood, S. Yang, & S. Carey, 2007). The authors used 3 experiments to explore the causal relation between these 2 capacities. Relative to English, Japanese and Mandarin had impoverished singular–plural marking. Using the manual search task, in Experiment 1 the authors found that by around 22 ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Li, Peggy; Ogura, Tamiko; Barner, David; Yang, Shu-Ju; Carey, Susan Source Type: journals

Counting on working memory when learning to count and to add: A preschool study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the author aimed at measuring how much limited working memory capacity constrains early numerical development before any formal mathematics instruction. To that end, 4- and 5-year-old children were tested for their memory skills in the phonological loop (PL), visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSSP), and central executive (CE); they also completed a series of tasks tapping their addition and counting skills. A general vocabulary test was given to examine the difference between the children’s numerical and general vocabulary. The results indicated that measures of the PL and the CE, but not those of the VSSP, were co...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Noël, Marie-Pascale Source Type: journals

Predictors of changes in weight esteem among mainland Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Weight and body image concerns are prevalent among adolescents across cultures and pose significant threats to well-being, yet there is a paucity of longitudinal research on samples living in non-Western and developing countries. This prospective study assessed the extent to which select sociocultural, psychological, and biological risk factors contributed to changes in weight esteem among adolescent girls and boys living in the People’s Republic of China. Students (181 boys, 320 girls) from middle schools and high schools in Southwest China completed measures of demographics; weight esteem; thin female and lean, muscula...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Chen, Hong; Jackson, Todd Source Type: journals

Infants’ learning of novel words in a stochastic environment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In everyday word learning words are only sometimes heard in the presence of their referent, making the acquisition of novel words a particularly challenging task. The current study investigated whether children (18-month-olds who are novice word learners) can track the statistics of co-occurrence between words and objects to learn novel mappings in a stochastic environment. Infants were briefly trained on novel word–novel object pairs with variable degrees of co-occurrence: Words were either paired reliably with 1 referent or stochastically paired with 2 different referents with varying probabilities. Infants were sensit...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Vouloumanos, Athena; Werker, Janet F. Source Type: journals

Memory and depressive symptoms are dynamically linked among married couples: Longitudinal evidence from the AHEAD study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined dyadic interrelations between episodic memory and depressive symptom trajectories of change in old and advanced old age. The authors applied dynamic models to 10-year incomplete longitudinal data of initially 1,599 married couples from the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (Mage = 75 years at Time 1). The authors found domain-specific lead–lag associations (time lags of 2 years) among wives and husbands as well as between spouses. For memory, better performance among husbands protected against subsequent memory decline among wives, with no evidence of a directed effect in the oth...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Gerstorf, Denis; Hoppmann, Christiane A.; Kadlec, Kelly M.; McArdle, John J. Source Type: journals

Crossing the divide: Infants discriminate small from large numerosities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although young infants have repeatedly demonstrated successful numerosity discrimination across large sets when the number of items in the sets changes twofold (E. M. Brannon, S. Abbott, & D. J. Lutz, 2004; J. N. Wood & E. S. Spelke, 2005; F. Xu & E. S. Spelke, 2000), they consistently fail to discriminate a twofold change in number when one set is large and the other is small ( (Source: Developmental Psychology)
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Cordes, Sara; Brannon, Elizabeth M. Source Type: journals

The effect of a looker’s past reliability on infants’ reasoning about beliefs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated whether 16-month-old infants’ past experience with a person’s gaze reliability influences their expectation about the person’s ability to form beliefs. Infants were first administered a search task in which they observed an experimenter show excitement while looking inside a box that either contained a toy (reliable looker condition) or was empty (unreliable looker condition). The infants were then administered a true belief task in which they watched as the same experimenter hid a toy in 1 of 2 locations. In the test trial, the infants witnessed the experimenter search for the toy in a location that ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Poulin-Dubois, Diane; Chow, Virginia Source Type: journals

Cue competition effects and young children’s causal and counterfactual inferences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined cue competition effects in young children using the blicket detector paradigm, in which objects are placed either singly or in pairs on a novel machine and children must judge which objects have the causal power to make the machine work. Cue competition effects were found in a 5- to 6-year-old group but not in a 4-year-old group. Equivalent levels of forward and backward blocking were found in the former group. Children’s counterfactual judgments were subsequently examined by asking whether or not the machine would have gone off in the absence of 1 of 2 objects that had been placed on it as a pair. C...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: McCormack, Teresa; Butterfill, Stephen; Hoerl, Christoph; Burns, Patrick Source Type: journals

Do neighborhood and home contexts help explain why low-income children miss opportunities to participate in activities outside of school?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, children’s participation (N = 1,420) in activities outside of elementary school was examined as a function of disparities in family income using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Child Development Supplement. Children’s neighborhood and home environments were investigated as mechanisms linking income disparities and participation rates. Family income was positively associated with children’s participation in activities, with the largest effect sizes evident for children at the lowest end of the income distribution. Affluence in the neighborhood and cognitive stimulation in the home were bot...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Dearing, Eric; Wimer, Christopher; Simpkins, Sandra D.; Lund, Terese; Bouffard, Suzanne M.; Caronongan, Pia; Kreider, Holly; Weiss, Heather Source Type: journals

Positive parenting in adolescence and its relation to low point narration and identity status in emerging adulthood: A longitudinal analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion centers on the potential impact of positive parenting as a contributor to healthy low point narration and identity in emerging adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Developmental Psychology)
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Dumas, Tara M.; Lawford, Heather; Tieu, Thanh-Thanh; Pratt, Michael W. Source Type: journals

Affiliation with antisocial peers, susceptibility to peer influence, and antisocial behavior during the transition to adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Developmental theories suggest that affiliation with deviant peers and susceptibility to peer influence are important contributors to adolescent delinquency, but it is unclear how these variables impact antisocial behavior during the transition to adulthood, a period when most delinquent individuals decline in antisocial behavior. Using data from a longitudinal study of 1,354 antisocial youth, the present study examined how individual variation in exposure to deviant peers and resistance to peer influence affect antisocial behavior from middle adolescence into young adulthood (ages 14 to 22 years). Whereas we find evidence...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Monahan, Kathryn C.; Steinberg, Laurence; Cauffman, Elizabeth Source Type: journals

Parenting and antisocial behavior: A model of the relationship between adolescent self-disclosure, parental closeness, parental control, and adolescent antisocial behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used data collected from a sample of 840 Italian adolescents (418 boys; M age = 12.58) and their parents (657 mothers; M age = 43.78) to explore the relations between parenting, adolescent self-disclosure, and antisocial behavior. In the hypothesized model, parenting practices (e.g., parental monitoring and control) have direct effects on parental knowledge and antisocial behavior. Parenting style (e.g., parent–child closeness), on the other hand, is directly related to adolescent self-disclosure, which in turn is positively related to parental knowledge and negatively related to adolescents’ antisocial beha...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Vieno, Alessio; Nation, Maury; Pastore, Massimiliano; Santinello, Massimo Source Type: journals

The role of ethnicity in observers’ ratings of mother–child behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the role of ethnicity in untrained observers’ ratings of videotaped mother–child interactions. Participants were Black, White, and Latino undergraduates (N = 109), who rated videotapes of 4 Black, 4 White, and 4 Latino mother–child dyads. Overall, participants of different ethnicities showed more similarities than differences in their ratings of parent–child behavior. There was, however, evidence that participant ethnicity and parent–child ethnicity interacted for ratings of child defiance/negative emotion. Black and White participants differed in their ratings of Black and White children’s ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - November 10, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Harvey, Elizabeth A.; Friedman-Weieneth, Julie L.; Miner, Amy L.; Bartolomei, Rachel J.; Youngwirth, Sara D.; Hashim, Rebecca L.; Arnold, David H. Source Type: journals

A longitudinal study of children’s performance on simple multiplication and division problems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors investigated the performance on simple multiplication and division problems of 8-year-old children longitudinally to determine the developmental trajectories of both operations. Twice a year, during 2 consecutive school years, children performed a multiplication and division verification task and a number-matching task. All effects that were observed in multiplication performance (problem size, 5, and tie effect and Tie × Size interaction) were also observed in division performance. The developmental trajectories of these effects are described. The authors observed strong developmental parallels between both o...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: De Brauwer, Jolien; Fias, Wim Source Type: journals

Shifting development in mid-childhood: The influence of between-task interference.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Performance on the task-switching paradigm is greatly affected by the amount of conflict between tasks. Compared to adults, children appear to be particularly influenced by this conflict, and this suggests that the ability to resolve interference between tasks improves with age. The authors used the task-switching paradigm to investigate how this ability develops in mid-childhood. Experiment 1 compared the ability of 5- to 8-year-olds and of 9- to 11-year-olds to switch between decisions about the color and shape of an object. The 5- to 8-year-olds were slower to switch task and experienced more interference from the irrel...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Cragg, Lucy; Nation, Kate Source Type: journals

Developmental implications of openness to experience in preschool children: Gender differences in young adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the longitudinal implications in late adolescence and emerging adulthood of Openness to Experience measured in preschool in a sample of 102 participants who were followed from preschool through emerging adulthood (age 23). Although gender differences in mean Openness scores were not found, the postpubertal longitudinal correlations associated with preschool Openness differed markedly for the sexes. Preschool boys who received high Openness scores were consistently described, both by self and others, as resilient, competent, and self-assured in young adulthood. In contrast, female participants who receiv...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Gjerde, Per F.; Cardilla, Kim Source Type: journals

Relational victimization predicts children’s social-cognitive and self-regulatory responses in a challenging peer context.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors examined whether exposure to relational victimization was associated with children’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior in an unfamiliar, challenging peer context. Children (110 girls, 96 boys; mean age = 10.13 years, SD = 1.16) reported on their exposure to relational victimization by peers. Following a challenging interaction with an unfamiliar peer, children reported on their beliefs about their interaction partners and their social goals (i.e., focus on getting to know their partner vs. impressing their partner) during the interaction. Coders rated children’s emotion and behavior regulation...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Rudolph, Karen D.; Troop-Gordon, Wendy; Flynn, Megan Source Type: journals

Young children’s understanding of joint commitments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When adults make a joint commitment to act together, they feel an obligation to their partner. In 2 studies, the authors investigated whether young children also understand joint commitments to act together. In the first study, when an adult orchestrated with the child a joint commitment to play a game together and then broke off from their joint activity, 3-year-olds (n = 24) reacted to the break significantly more often (e.g., by trying to re-engage her or waiting for her to restart playing) than when she simply joined the child’s individual activity unbidden. Two-year-olds (n = 24) did not differentiate between these ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Gräfenhain, Maria; Behne, Tanya; Carpenter, Malinda; Tomasello, Michael Source Type: journals

Patterns of home leaving and subjective well-being in emerging adulthood: The role of motivational processes and parental autonomy support.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors aimed to examine how emerging adults’ living arrangements—and the motives underlying those arrangements, as conceptualized in self-determination theory—relate to subjective well-being. A Belgian sample of 224 emerging adults and their parents completed self-report questionnaires. Analyses that used structural equation modeling showed that autonomous motivation for one’s living arrangement is more strongly related to emerging adults’ well-being than the living arrangement per se. Further, autonomy-supportive parenting was found to relate positively to an autonomously regulated residentia...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Kins, Evie; Beyers, Wim; Soenens, Bart; Vansteenkiste, Maarten Source Type: journals

Daily family conflict and emotional distress among adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors employed a daily diary method to assess daily frequencies of interparental and parent–adolescent conflict over a 2-week period and their implications for emotional distress across the high school years in a longitudinal sample of 415 adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Although family conflict remained fairly infrequent among all ethnic backgrounds across the high school years, its impact on emotional distress was significant across ethnicity and gender. In addition, parent–adolescent conflict significantly mediated the association between interparental conflict and emotional d...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Chung, Grace H.; Flook, Lisa; Fuligni, Andrew J. Source Type: journals

Pathways to paternal engagement: Longitudinal effects of risk and resilience on nonresident fathers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article assesses the longitudinal effects of risk and resilience on unmarried nonresident fathers’ engagement with children across the first 3 years of their lives. The authors used a subsample of 549 men from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study who were unmarried and noncohabiting at the time of the child’s birth. They found not only that risk and resilience factors had a direct effect on paternal engagement but also that their association with engagement was mediated by fathers’ continued nonresidence and mother–father relationship quality. Men who leave trajectories of high risk behind during the...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Fagan, Jay; Palkovitz, Rob; Roy, Kevin; Farrie, Danielle Source Type: journals

Developmental context effects on bicultural posttrauma self repair in chimpanzees.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Longitudinal studies have shown how early developmental contexts contribute significantly to self-development; their influence extends through adulthood, informs sociality, and affects resilience under severe stress. While the importance of sociality in trauma recovery is recognized, the relationship between developmental and posttrauma contexts and recovery effects is less appreciated, particularly in cases in which recovery contexts differ widely from the culture of origin. Using an attachment-based model of bicultural (competence in two cultures) development, the authors examined the role of self in posttrauma repair of...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bradshaw, G. A.; Capaldo, Theodora; Lindner, Lorin; Grow, Gloria Source Type: journals

Here we go again: A dynamic systems perspective on emotional rigidity across parent–adolescent conflicts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors used a dynamic systems theoretical approach to examine intraindividual variability in emotional responses during the transitional period of adolescence. Longitudinal diary data were collected regarding conflicts between 17 teenage girls and their mothers over a period of a year. The results revealed a reversed u-shaped relation between girls’ emotional variability and the number of conflicts. Moreover, girls who showed limited variability in emotional states across conflict episodes tended to attach the same emotional state to divergent conflict topics. Explained as the result of a self-organizing process, em...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Anna; Kunnen, Saskia E.; van Geert, Paul L. C. Source Type: journals

Age differences in personality: Evidence from a nationally representative Australian sample.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cross-sectional age differences in the Big Five personality traits were examined in a nationally representative sample of Australians (N = 12,618; age range = 15–84). Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness were negatively associated with age, whereas Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were positively associated with age. Effect sizes comparing the youngest and the oldest sample members were usually medium to large in size. Item-level analysis revealed that although most personality descriptors showed patterns similar to those exhibited by their respective global traits, this was not always the case. Thus, investigation...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Lucas, Richard E.; Donnellan, M. Brent Source Type: journals

Recognition of facial expressions of mixed emotions in school-age children exposed to terrorism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This exploratory study aims at investigating the effects of terrorism on children’s ability to recognize emotions. A sample of 101 exposed and 102 nonexposed children (mean age = 11 years), balanced for age and gender, were assessed 20 months after a terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia. Two trials controlled for children’s ability to match a facial emotional stimulus with an emotional label and their ability to match an emotional label with an emotional context. The experimental trial evaluated the relation between exposure to terrorism and children’s free labeling of mixed emotion facial stimuli created by morphing b...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Scrimin, Sara; Moscardino, Ughetta; Capello, Fabia; Altoè, Gianmarco; Axia, Giovanna Source Type: journals

Psychosocial development from college through midlife: A 34-year sequential study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two cohorts of alumni, leading-edge and trailing-edge baby boomers, first tested in their college years, were followed to ages 43 (N = 136) and 54 (N = 182) on a measure of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to model the trajectory of growth for each psychosocial issue across middle adulthood. As predicted, the early psychosocial issues (trust, autonomy, and initiative) showed patterns of slow and steady increases in favorable resolution, as did the midlife issue of generativity. Industry, found in earlier investigations on the samples to change to differing degrees by coh...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Whitbourne, Susan Krauss; Sneed, Joel R.; Sayer, Aline Source Type: journals

Developmental links of adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and control with delinquency: Moderation by parental support.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This 4-wave study among 309 Dutch adolescents and their parents examined changes in adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control and their links with the development of delinquent activities. Annually, adolescents and both parents reported on adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, and adolescents reported on delinquent activities and parental support. Latent growth curve analyses revealed a linear decline in parental control between ages 13 and 16. Adolescent disclosure decreased gradually in adolescent reports and showed an L-shaped pattern in father reports and a V-shape...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Keijsers, Loes; Frijns, Tom; Branje, Susan J. T.; Meeus, Wim Source Type: journals

Assessing differential effects: Applying regression mixture models to identify variations in the influence of family resources on academic achievement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Developmental scientists frequently seek to understand effects of environmental contexts on development. Traditional analytic strategies assume similar environmental effects for all children, sometimes exploring possible moderating influences or exceptions (e.g., outliers) as a secondary step. These strategies are poorly matched to ecological models of human development that posit complex individual by environment interactions. An alternative conceptual framework is proposed that tests the hypothesis that the environment has differential (nonuniform) effects on children. A demonstration of the utility of this framework is ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Van Horn, M. Lee; Jaki, Thomas; Masyn, Katherine; Ramey, Sharon Landesman; Smith, Jessalyn A.; Antaramian, Susan Source Type: journals

Children’s context inappropriate anger and salivary cortisol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some children show emotion that is not consistent with normative appraisal of the context and can therefore be defined as context inappropriate (CI). The authors used individual growth curve modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine whether CI anger predicts differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, as manifest in salivary cortisol measures. About 23% of the 360 children (ages 6–10 years, primarily 7–8) showed at least 1 expression of CI anger in situations designed to elicit positive affect. Expression of anger across 2 positive assessments was less common (around 4%). CI ang...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Locke, Robin L.; Davidson, Richard J.; Kalin, Ned H.; Goldsmith, H. Hill Source Type: journals

The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Closing comments for the special section.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 5 studies in this special section both confirm prior findings regarding the intergenerational transmission of parenting and provide important new evidence regarding the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting and the developmental mediators that seem involved in that transmission. Consistent with earlier research, the findings suggest that harsh parenting in the 1st generation (G1) predicts similar behavior in the 2nd generation (G2) primarily through the exacerbation of G2 conduct problems. In contrast, replicated findings in this set of articles indicate that intergenerational continuities in positive pa...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Conger, Rand D.; Belsky, Jay; Capaldi, Deborah M. Source Type: journals

A prospective three generational study of fathers’ constructive parenting: Influences from family of origin, adolescent adjustment, and offspring temperament.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This prospective, intergenerational study considered multiple influences on 102 fathers’ constructive parenting of 181 children. Fathers in the 2nd generation (G2) were recruited as boys on the basis of neighborhood risk for delinquency and assessed through early adulthood. The fathers’ parents (G1) and the G2 mothers of G3 also participated. A multiagent, multimethod approach was used to measure G1 and G2 constructive parenting (monitoring, discipline, warmth, and involvement), G2 positive adolescent adjustment, and problem behavior in all 3 generations, including G3 difficult temperament and externalizing problems in...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Kerr, David C. R.; Capaldi, Deborah M.; Pears, Katherine C.; Owen, Lee D. Source Type: journals

Intergenerational continuity in parenting behavior: Mediating pathways and child effects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This prospective, longitudinal investigation examined mechanisms proposed to explain continuities in parenting behavior across 2 generations (G1, G2). Data came from 187 G2 adults, their mothers (G1), and their children (G3). Prospective information regarding G2 was collected both during adolescence and early adulthood. G1 data were collected during G2’s adolescence, and G3 data were generated during the preschool years. Assessments included both observational and self-report measures. The results indicated a direct relationship between G1 and G2 harsh parenting, and between G1 and G2 positive parenting. As predicted, sp...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Neppl, Tricia K.; Conger, Rand D.; Scaramella, Laura V.; Ontai, Lenna L. Source Type: journals

Intergenerational continuity in parenting quality: The mediating role of social competence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined social competence as a mediator in the pathway from 1st generation (G1) to 2nd generation (G2) parenting quality. A normative sample of children and their parents were assessed in childhood, and again 10 and 20 years later. Parenting quality of G1 parents was assessed at each time point with multiple informants, as was G2 social competence. G2 parenting was assessed at the 20-year follow-up for those who were parents. The mediational role of social competence in G1 to G2 parenting quality was tested via nested path analytic models, accounting for continuity and cross-domain relations. Social competence ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Shaffer, Anne; Burt, Keith B.; Obradovic, Jelena; Herbers, Janette E.; Masten, Ann S. Source Type: journals

Parenting practices and problem behavior across three generations: Monitoring, harsh discipline, and drug use in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using data from grandparents (G1), parents (G2), and children (G3), this study examined continuity in parental monitoring, harsh discipline, and child externalizing behavior across generations, and the contribution of parenting practices and parental drug use to intergenerational continuity in child externalizing behavior. Structural equation and path modeling of prospective, longitudinal data from 808 G2 participants, their G1 parents, and their school-age G3 children (n = 136) showed that parental monitoring and harsh discipline demonstrated continuity from G1 to G2. Externalizing behavior demonstrated continuity from G2...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bailey, Jennifer A.; Hill, Karl G.; Oesterle, Sabrina; Hawkins, J. David Source Type: journals

The intergenerational continuity of observed early parenting: A prospective, longitudinal study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors report the results from a prospective, longitudinal study of cross-generational parenting quality in a lower socioeconomic status sample of moderate ethnic diversity (N = 61). The study extends previous research on intergenerational continuity of parenting in several significant ways: (a) Assessments in both generations were based on direct observation, (b) assessments were made at the same age (24 months) in both generations, (c) there were controls for later parenting in the first generation, and (d) there were controls for critical background factors (stress, socioeconomic status, child and parent IQ). An ob...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Kovan, Nikki M.; Chung, Alissa L.; Sroufe, L. Alan Source Type: journals

The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Introduction to the special section.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Long-standing interest in the intergenerational transmission of parenting has stimulated work focused on child maltreatment, harsh parenting, and warm–supportive rearing. In addition to documenting significant, even if modest, continuity in parenting across generations, research in this area has addressed questions of mediation and moderation. This special section extends work in this general area, with 2 studies further chronicling intergenerational transmission and 3 further illuminating mechanisms through which parenting in 1 generation is repeated in a subsequent generation. Lacking, however, is high-quality work hig...
Source: Developmental Psychology - August 25, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Belsky, Jay; Conger, Rand; Capaldi, Deborah M. Source Type: journals

Use of missing data methods in longitudinal studies: The persistence of bad practices in developmental psychology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Developmental science rests on describing, explaining, and optimizing intraindividual changes and, hence, empirically requires longitudinal research. Problems of missing data arise in most longitudinal studies, thus creating challenges for interpreting the substance and structure of intraindividual change. Using a sample of reports of longitudinal studies obtained from three flagship developmental journals—Child Development, Developmental Psychology, and Journal of Research on Adolescence—we examined the number of longitudinal studies reporting missing data and the missing data techniques used. Of the 100 longitudinal ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Jelicic, Helena; Phelps, Erin; Lerner, Richard M. Source Type: journals

Action type and goal type modulate goal-directed gaze shifts in 14-month-old infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ten- and 14-month-old infants’ gaze was recorded as the infants observed videos of different hand actions directed toward multiple goals. Infants observed an actor who (a) reached for objects and displaced them, (b) reached for objects and placed them inside containers, or (c) moved his fisted hand. Fourteen-month-olds, but not 10-month-olds, anticipated the goal of reaching actions but tracked all the other actions reactively. Fourteen-month-olds also produced more anticipatory gaze shifts during containment compared with displacement and differentiated between reaching actions dependent on whether the overall goal was ...
Source: Developmental Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Gredebäck, Gustaf; Stasiewicz, Dorota; Falck-Ytter, Terje; von Hofsten, Claes; Rosander, Kerstin Source Type: journals