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Searching for the right outcome? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials using carotid intima-media thickness or pulse wave velocity to infer antiatherogenic properties of thiazolidinedionesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: TZDs exhibit significant beneficial effects on aorto-carotid atherosclerosis when assessed using prospectively validated non-invasive techniques. Inferring clinical benefit in the absence of confirmatory outcome trials is questionable and caution should be exercised when interpreting intervention data with surrogate endpoints. TZD-induced congestive cardiac failure or other unknown PPAR-[gamma] adverse effects are plausible explanations for the conflicting results of intervention trials using markers of atherosclerosis and clinical event outcomes. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: D. R. Webb, M. J. Davies, L. J. Gray, K. R. Abrams, B. Srinivasan, S. Das, N. Taub, I. Lawrence, S. Sutton, K. Khunti Source Type: journals

Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA reduces weight gain and improves postprandial lipaemia and the associated inflammatory response in the obese JCR:LA-cp ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Acute dietary n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation can improve fasting as well as postprandial lipid metabolism and components of the associated inflammatory response in the JCR:LA-cp rat. Further, moderate dose n-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce corresponding body weight during conditions of hypercholesterolaemia and/or modulate inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Z. Hassanali, B. Ametaj, C. J. Field, S. D. Proctor, D. F. Vine Source Type: journals

Selective effects of PPARγ agonists and antagonists on human pre-adipocyte differentiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Both the GW9662 treatment and interfering RNA against PPAR[gamma]2 are able to abrogate RTZ-induced differentiation without a significant change of PPAR[gamma]1 gene expression. These results are consistent with previous results obtained in animal models and suggest that in humans PPAR[gamma]2 may also be the key isoform involved in fat storage. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Leyvraz, M. Suter, C. Verdumo, J.-M. Calmes, A. Paroz, C. Darimont, R. C. Gaillard, F. P. Pralong, V. Giusti Source Type: journals

Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade induces transdifferentiation towards a brown fat phenotype in white adipocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Taken together, our data demonstrate that inhibition of peripheral CB1R action in adipocytes directly promotes transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into a mitochondria-rich, thermogenic brown fat phenotype. Enhanced thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity may represent a peripheral mechanism contributing to weight loss and improved glucose homeostasis in rimonabant-treated patients. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 5, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: N. Perwitz, J. Wenzel, I. Wagner, J. Büning, M. Drenckhan, K. Zarse, M. Ristow, W. Lilienthal, H. Lehnert, J. Klein Source Type: journals

Mid- and high-ratio premix insulin analogues: potential treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes in need of greater postprandial blood glucose controlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some patients with type 2 diabetes continue to have high postprandial blood glucose levels on twice-daily regimens of 'low-ratio' premix insulin formulations (up to 30% rapid-acting, with 70% protracted insulin). These patients require intensified insulin therapy, which can be provided by a twice- or thrice-daily regimen of mid-ratio (50% rapid-acting and 50% protaminated intermediate-acting insulin [ndash] human or analogue) or high-ratio (70% rapid-acting and 30% protaminated insulin [ndash] analogue only) premix insulin. Alternatively, a third daily injection of low-ratio premix insulin can be added to the regimen, with...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 5, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. S. Christiansen, A. Liebl, J. A. Davidson, R. J. Ligthelm, S. Halimi Source Type: journals

Integrating educational and technological interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A gap currently exists between our expectations of tight blood glucose control and the reality of safely achieving it before and during pregnancy. Technological and pharmaceutical advances will not in isolation prevent poor pregnancy outcomes without recognising the social, cultural and behavioural context of the women living with diabetes. Neither will behavioural and/or educational programmes completely overcome the fundamentally disordered metabolic pathways and physiological challenges of pregnancy. Improved integration of the technological, behavioural and educational aspects of diabetes care will pave the way for tru...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 5, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Helen R. Murphy Source Type: journals

Review of clinical trials: update on oral insulin spray formulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an overview of the safety profile and proposed mechanism of action of this insulin formulation and presents findings from trials which studied its effects in subjects with T1DM and T2DM. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Paolo Pozzilli, Philip Raskin, Christopher G. Parkin Source Type: journals

Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In intensively insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetic patients, at equivalent glycaemic control, the addition of pioglitazone causes greater weight gain, but a similar increase in body water that is mainly extracellular and interstitial compared with intracellular increase with insulin therapy alone. Pioglitazone also increases the filtered load of sodium reabsorbed at the distal nephron with no net change in FeNa. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. Mudaliar, A. R. Chang, V. R. Aroda, E. Chao, P. Burke, S. Baxi, K. A. Griver, D. T. O'Connor, R. R. Henry Source Type: journals

The effects of Xanthigen™ in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Xanthigen promoted weight loss, reduced body and liver fat content, and improved liver function tests in obese non-diabetic women. Xanthigen and Fucoxanthin also increased REE. This product may be considered a promising food supplement in the management of obesity. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - October 13, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Abidov, Z. Ramazanov, R. Seifulla, S. Grachev Source Type: journals

Managing women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the postnatal periodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Guidelines for management of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the postpregnancy period have lagged behind the recognition that this is an important time for medical intervention. However, in the past decade, the evidence-base for screening algorithms, contraceptive management, diabetes prevention strategies and implications for offspring has expanded. In this review, we discuss current recommendations for managing women with GDM in the postnatal period, with particular attention to postpartum diabetes screening, prevention of future glucose intolerance and family planning. (Source: Diabetes, O...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Catherine Kim Source Type: journals

Multiple molecular targets underlie the antidiabetic effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in skeletal muscle, adipocyte and liver cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Finally, to provide an explanation for the effects of NSE in adipocytes, PPAR[gamma] stimulating activity was tested using a reporter gene assay. Results indicate that NSE behaves as an agonist of PPAR[gamma]. The data supports the ethnobotanical use of N. sativa seed oil as a treatment for diabetes, and suggests potential uses of this product, or compounds derived thereof, against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Benhaddou-Andaloussi, L. C. Martineau, D. Vallerand, Y. Haddad, A. Afshar, A. Settaf, P. S. Haddad Source Type: journals

Rediscovering bile acid sequestrantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Therefore, colesevelam should be the most effective and logical agent to add to a statin in the diabetic and insulin-resistant patient, because in addition to lowering cardiac risk it may prevent the development of diabetes, as well as improving glycaemic control in the established diabetic patient. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: D. S. H. Bell, James H. O'Keefe Source Type: journals

The glucose lowering effect of an oral insulin (Capsulin) during an isoglycaemic clamp study in persons with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Administration of the oral insulin Capsulin preparation demonstrated a significant hypoglycaemic action over a period of 6 h associated with only a small increase in circulating plasma insulin concentrations. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. D. Luzio, G. Dunseath, A. Lockett, T. P. Broke-Smith, R. R. New, D. R. Owens Source Type: journals

Insulin use and increased risk of mortality in type 2 diabetes: a cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aim: To compare population-based rates of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in newly treated patients with type 2 diabetes according to levels of insulin exposure.Methods: Using the administrative databases of Saskatchewan Health, 12272 new users of oral antidiabetic therapy were identified between 1991 and 1996 and grouped according to cumulative insulin exposure based on total insulin dispensations per year: no exposure (reference group); low exposure (0 to (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J.-M. Gamble, S. H. Simpson, D. T. Eurich, S. R. Majumdar, J. A. Johnson Source Type: journals

Future perspectives for insulinotropic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes–DPP-4 inhibitors and sulphonylureasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The introduction of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) brought a novel class of insulinotropic agents into the treatment options for type 2 diabetes. This paper compares the actions, clinical efficacy and safety of sulphonylureas with those of the DPP-4 inhibitors. First, the mode of action of both classes of antidiabetic agents is described. Then clinical studies for both substances in monotherapy and combination therapies are compared concerning their effects on glycaemic parameters and long-term duration of action. Hypoglycaemia incidence and other adverse effects are compared and data on cardiovascul...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: B. Gallwitz, H.-U. Häring Source Type: journals

How can structured self-management patient education improve outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a long-term chronic condition that is complex to manage, with the majority of management being done by the person with diabetes outside of the clinical setting. Because of its complexities, effective self-management requires skills, confidence and the ability to make decisions and choices about treatments and lifestyle on a day-to-day basis. Equipping a person with these self-management skills is in itself challenging and it is now widely accepted that structured education is an integral part of the management of T2DM. This paper explores whether structured self-management education can improve ou...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Jarvis, T. C. Skinner, M. E. Carey, M. J. Davies Source Type: journals

Effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with metformin on body weight in people with diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Currently, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are the thiazolidinediones available for clinical use. In the literature, there are different studies concerning the efficacy, safety and tolerability of thiazolidinediones as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Metformin and thiazolidinediones are both antihyperglycaemic drugs, both lower blood glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetes without causing overt hypoglycaemia and both require the presence of insulin to generate their therapeutic effects, but act without stimulating insulin secretion. Some authors re...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. Derosa, C. Tinelli, P. Maffioli Source Type: journals

Alogliptin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces HbA1c without causing weight gain or increased hypoglycaemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Adding alogliptin to previous insulin therapy (with or without metformin) significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin, without causing weight gain or increasing the incidence of hypoglycaemia. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of alogliptin added to optimized basal insulin regimens. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Rosenstock, M. S. Rendell, J. L. Gross, P. R. Fleck, C. A. Wilson, Q. Mekki Source Type: journals

Weight and blood pressure response to weight management and sibutramine in diabetic and non-diabetic high-risk patients: an analysis from the 6-week lead-in period of the sibutramine cardiovascular outcomes (SCOUT) trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In these high-risk diabetic patients, sibutramine and lifestyle modifications for 6 weeks resulted in small, but clinically relevant, median reductions in body weight, waist circumference and BP. A small median increase in pulse rate was recorded. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. F. Van Gaal, I. D. Caterson, W. Coutinho, N. Finer, A. P. Maggioni, A. M. Sharma, C. Torp-Pedersen, H. Ge, S. A. Moran, G. M. Shepherd, W. P. T. James Source Type: journals

The European Exenatide study of long-term exenatide vs. glimepiride for type 2 diabetes: rationale and patient characteristicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Patients included in the EUREXA study had early failure of glucose control with metformin and presented typical features of type 2 diabetes: overweight/obesity and high prevalence of lipid abnormalities and CVD. In this population, the effects of exenatide vs. glimepiride will be evaluated over at least 2.5 years. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. Kazda, B. Gallwitz, R. Simó, J. R. Guzmán, P. Kraus, C. Nicolay, L. Rose, G. Schernthaner Source Type: journals

Analysis of glycaemic control and weight change in patients initiated with human or analog insulin in an US ambulatory care settingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions HbA1C outcomes in the ambulatory care setting were generally not different between insulin classes. The likelihood of weight gain was less with insulin detemir than with insulin glargine. Thus, real-world weight outcomes for basal analog insulin may differ by specific product. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. McAdam-Marx, J. Bouchard, M. Aagren, R. Nelson, D. Brixner Source Type: journals

Patient-reported outcomes in a survey of patients treated with oral antihyperglycaemic medications: associations with hypoglycaemia and weight gainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with OAHAs, self-reported hypoglycaemia and weight gain were associated with decreased treatment satisfaction and HRQoL. In addition, the presence of these SEs was associated with increased fear of hypoglycaemia. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Marrett, T. Stargardt, P. Mavros, C. M. Alexander Source Type: journals

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c knockdown protected INS-1E cells from lipotoxicityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data suggest a strong correlation between FFA treatment and SREBP-1c activation in INS-1E cells. SREBP-1c might be a major factor responsible for [beta]-cell lipotoxicity, and SREBP-1c knockdown could protect INS-1E cells from lipotoxicity, which is implicating a therapeutic potential for treating diabetes related to lipotoxicity. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Li, X. Liu, X. Ran, J. Chen, X. Li, W. Wu, H. Huang, H. Huang, Y. Long, J. Liang, J. Cheng, H. Tian Source Type: journals

Six-month outcomes on A1C and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in an ambulatory care settingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated changes in clinical effectiveness measures of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating exenatide therapy in a real-world setting.Methods: Eligible patients identified in the General Electric (GE) electronic medical record (EMR) research database from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2007 were [ge]18 years old with type 2 diabetes. Patients had prescription orders in the previous 395 days for metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione as monotherapy or in combination, and had at least 6 months of follow-up activity. Baseline clinical measures were documented from 45 days prior up to 15 days aft...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: D. I. Brixner, C. McAdam-Marx, X. Ye, K. S. Boye, L. L. Nielsen, M. Wintle, D. Misurski, R. Fabunmi Source Type: journals

Interaction of beta-blockers with the renal uptake transporter OCT2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These in vitro results demonstrate that alterations of uptake transporter function by beta-blockers have to be considered as potential mechanisms underlying drug[ndash]drug interactions in the kidney. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: I. Bachmakov, H. Glaeser, B. Endress, F. Mörl, J. König, M. F. Fromm Source Type: journals

A reduction in severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes in a randomized crossover study of continuous intraperitoneal compared with subcutaneous insulin infusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In type 1 diabetes CIPII with DiaPort reduces the number of severe episodes of hypoglycemia and improves quality of life with no weight gain. Because of complications, indications for CIPII must be strictly controlled. CIPII with DiaPort is an alternative therapy when CSII is not fully successful and provides an easy method of intraperitoneal therapy. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 8, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Liebl, R. Hoogma, E. Renard, P. H. L. M. Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, E. Klein, J. Diglas, L. Kessler, V. Melki, P. Diem, J.-M. Brun, P. Schaepelynck-Bélicar, T. Frei Source Type: journals

Dietary supplementation of tetradecylthioacetic acid increases feed intake but reduces body weight gain and adipose depot sizes in rats fed on high-fat dietsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that TTA feeding may increase hepatic fatty acid [beta]-oxidation, and thereby reduce the size of adipose tissues. The functional importance of ectopic hepatic UCP3 is unknown, but might be associated with enhanced energy expenditure and thus the reduced feed efficiency. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 8, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. J. Wensaas, A. C. Rustan, M. H. Rokling-Andersen, R. Caesar, J. Jensen, O. Kaalhus, B. A. Graff, O. A. Gudbrandsen, R. K. Berge, C. A. Drevon Source Type: journals

The response to short-term intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The clinical response to short-term IIT is variable, consistent with the heterogeneity of T2DM. However, preserved late-phase insulin secretion may identify those patients who can benefit from this intervention with improved beta-cell function. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 8, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Retnakaran, N. Yakubovich, Y. Qi, C. Opsteen, B. Zinman Source Type: journals

Evaluation of novel particles as an inhalation system for GLP-1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate the feasibility of administering native GLP-1 as GLP-1 Technosphere Inhalation Powder for diabetes therapy. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Leone-Bay, M. Grant, S. Greene, G. Stowell, S. Daniels, A. Smithson, S. Villanueva, S. Cope, K. Carrera, S. Reyes, P. Richardson Source Type: journals

The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone facilitates Akt rephosphorylation and inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that cardiac myocytes are direct targets of PPAR-[gamma] agonists promoting its survival in ischemia/reperfusion, at least in part by facilitating Akt rephosphorylation. This effect may be of clinical relevance inhibiting the reperfusion-induced injury in patients suffering from myocardial infarction or undergoing cardiac surgery. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: H. Kilter, M. Werner, C. Roggia, J.-C. Reil, H.-J. Schäfers, U. Kintscher, M. Böhm Source Type: journals

Evaluation of exenatide vs. insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: cost-effectiveness analysis in the German settingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Exenatide was projected to be associated with similar clinical outcomes and increased costs compared with insulin glargine. Analysis of cost-effectiveness from a third-party perspective suggests that exenatide is likely to represent good value for money in the German setting. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: T. Mittendorf, J. Smith-Palmer, L. Timlin, M. Happich, G. Goodall Source Type: journals

Insulin detemir causes increased symptom awareness during hypoglycaemia compared to human insulinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Insulin detemir increased symptom awareness during hypoglycaemia compared to human insulin in healthy individuals, whereas counter-regulatory hormone response and cognitive function were unaltered. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Otto Tschritter, Silke A. Schäfer, Julia Klett, Albrecht Pfäfflin, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Anita M. Hennige, Andreas Fritsche Source Type: journals

Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed the efficacy of add-on pioglitazone vs. placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin and a sulphonylurea or a glinide.Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized 299 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive 30 mg/day pioglitazone or placebo for 3 months. After this time, patients continued with pioglitazone, either 30 mg [if glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [le]6.5%] or titrated up to 45 mg (if HbA1c >6.5%), or placebo for a further 4 months. The primary efficacy end-point was improvement in HbA1c (per cent change). Secondary end-points included changes...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 13, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. Charpentier, S. Halimi Source Type: journals

Comparison of vildagliptin and thiazolidinedione as add-on therapy in patients inadequately controlled with metformin: results of the GALIANT trial – a primary care, type 2 diabetes studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This short-term study suggests that vildagliptin is as effective as TZDs after 3-month treatment as an add-on to metformin in a primary care population that included diverse patient subgroups. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. Blonde, S. Dagogo-Jack, M. A. Banerji, R. E. Pratley, A. Marcellari, R. Braceras, D. Purkayastha, M. Baron Source Type: journals

Protein kinase C beta inhibitor prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but not histopathological abnormalities of retina in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat shows severe ocular complications such as tractional retinal detachment. In the present study, effect of protein kinase C beta (PKC[beta]) inhibitor JTT-010 was evaluated to clarify the involvement of PKC[beta] in complications of SDT rat. SDT rats were administered JTT-010 (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) for 48 weeks. SDT rats showed delayed oscillatory potentials in electroretinogram. Delayed motor nerve conduction velocity, decreased coefficients of variation of R[ndash]R intervals in electrocardiogram and thermal hypoalgesia were also observed. These functional disorders were prevented by ad...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: T. Sasase, H. Morinaga, T. Abe, K. Miyajima, T. Ohta, M. Shinohara, M. Matsushita, A. Kakehashi Source Type: journals

Baseline differences in A1C explain apparent differences in efficacy of sitagliptin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazoneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These results illustrate the necessity for careful application of appropriate methodology when comparing results of different studies. When between-study differences in treatment effects are adjusted for baseline differences, then the findings suggest that none of the treatments has an effect that is superior to any of the other treatments. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Chapell, A. L. Gould, C. M. Alexander Source Type: journals

Efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Glulisine was as effective as lispro with respect to change in HbA1c and was well tolerated when used in combination with glargine in Japanese patients with T1DM. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Kawamori, T. Kadowaki, H. Ishii, M. Iwasaki, Y. Iwamoto Source Type: journals

Effects of insulin glulisine as mono- or add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Both glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy were well tolerated and effective for Japanese and Korean patients with T2DM mellitus inadequately controlled by OAD therapy alone. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Kawamori, Y. Iwamoto, T. Kadowaki, M. Iwasaki, S.-W. Kim, J.-T. Woo, S.-H. Baik, K.-H. Yoon Source Type: journals

Dissociated incretin response to oral glucose at 1 year after restrictive vs. malabsorptive bariatric surgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We conclude that at 1 year after bariatric surgery, the two incretins show dissociated responses in that the GIP secretion is higher after VBG whereas GLP-1 secretion is higher after JIB. This dissociated incretin response is independent from reduction in body weight, glucose tolerance or insulin secretion. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Guldstrand, B. Ahrén, E. Näslund, J. J. Holst, U. Adamson Source Type: journals

Improved cardiovascular health following a progressive walking and dietary intervention for type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Improvements in cardiovascular health can be expected following a pedometer-based lifestyle modification programme that progresses from walking more to walking faster. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. T. Johnson, G. J. Bell, L. J. McCargar, R. S. Welsh, R. C. Bell Source Type: journals

Effect of adjunct metformin treatment on levels of plasma lipids in patients with type 1 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In patients with poorly controlled T1DM, at similar glycaemic levels, adjunct metformin therapy during 1 year significantly lowered levels of proatherogenic cholesterolaemia independent of statin therapy. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. S. Lund, L. Tarnow, A. S. Astrup, P. Hovind, P. K. Jacobsen, A. C. Alibegovic, I. Parving, L. Pietraszek, M. Frandsen, P. Rossing, H.-H. Parving, A. A. Vaag Source Type: journals

An NMR-based metabonomic investigation on effects of supplementation with isosteviol or soy protein to diabetic KKAy miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: H. C. Bertram, P. B. Jeppesen, K. Hermansen Source Type: journals

Home telehealth for diabetes management: a systematic review and meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In general, home telehealth had a positive impact on the use of numerous health services and glycaemic control. More studies of higher methodological quality are required to give more precise insights into the potential clinical effectiveness of home telehealth interventions. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Polisena, K. Tran, K. Cimon, B. Hutton, S. McGill, K. Palmer Source Type: journals

Ammonia toxicity and its prevention in inherited defects of the urea cycleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The urea cycle is the final pathway for removal of surplus nitrogen from the body, and the major route in humans for detoxification of ammonia. The full complement of enzymes is expressed only in liver. Inherited deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes lead to hyperammonaemia, which causes brain damage. Severe defects present with hyperammonaemic crises in neonates. Equally devastating episodes may occur in previously asymptomatic adults with mild defects, most often X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Several mechanisms probably contribute to pathogenesis. Treatment aims to reduce plasma ammonia quickly, redu...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: V. Walker Source Type: journals

Maximal lipid oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes is normal and shows an adequate increase in response to aerobic trainingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: FATmax was not reduced in T2D, and muscle oxidative capacity increased adequately in response to aerobic training in obese subjects with and without T2D. These metabolic adaptations to training seem to be unrelated to changes in insulin sensitivity and indicate that an impaired capacity for lipid oxidation is not a major cause of insulin resistance in T2D. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Mogensen, B. F. Vind, K. Højlund, H. Beck-Nielsen, K. Sahlin Source Type: journals

Aspirin therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the results of two recently published large randomized clinical trials that have looked at primary prevention of cardiovascular events using aspirin in patients with DM. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Naveed Younis, Steve Williams, Handrean Soran Source Type: journals

Twice-daily and three-times-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provide similar glycaemic controlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The efficacy of twice-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin FDC tablet was non-inferior to that of three-times-daily dosing. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: P. Raskin, A. Lewin, R. Reinhardt, W. Lyness Source Type: journals

Poly-GLP-1, a novel long-lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 polymer, ameliorates hyperglycaemia by improving insulin sensitivity and increasing pancreatic beta-cell proliferationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our results indicated that Poly-GLP-1, a novel GLP-1 polymer, has long-lasting and potent effects on glycaemic control in vivo, and these beneficial effects may be because of improvement of insulin sensitivity and promotion of islet growth and function. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: X. Ma, H. Hui, Z. Liu, G. He, J. Hu, J. Meng, L. Guan, X. Luo Source Type: journals

The role of pioglitazone in modifying the atherogenic lipoprotein profileEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, has established efficacy in improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone also improves components of the mixed dyslipidaemia profile common in these patients, as typified by raised levels of plasma triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and a raised proportion of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) occurring as the small dense subfraction. In head-to-head trials, pioglitazone has consistently shown superior benefits on LDL-C and HDL-C as well as triglycerides compared with rosiglitazone and sulphonylureas. Pioglitazone used as monotherapy or combination the...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Hanefeld Source Type: journals

Synergistic effect of the human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide and a dual PPARα/γ agonist on glycaemic control in Zucker diabetic fatty ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions/Interpretation: Our data demonstrate that combination treatment with a human GLP-1 analogue and a dual PPAR[alpha]/[gamma] agonist through distinct mechanism of actions synergistically improves glycaemic control in the ZDF rat. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. L. Brand, E. D. Galsgaard, D. Tornehave, J. Rømer, C. F. Gotfredsen, K. Wassermann, L. B. Knudsen, A. Vølund, J. Sturis Source Type: journals