Diabetes/Metabolism Research and ReviewsThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Progression to impaired glucose metabolism in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes in Isfahan, IranEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to estimate the progression rates from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes, and from IFG and IGT to diabetes in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A total of 701 non-diabetic FDRs of consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes aged 20-70 years in 2003-2005 were followed through 2007 for the occurrence of IGT, IFG and type 2 diabetes. Glucose tolerance classification was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and standard 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).T...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - October 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mohsen Janghorbani, Masoud Amini Source Type: journals

Association of the metabolic syndrome with depression and anxiety in Japanese men: A 1-year cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent studies on the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression have reported conflicting findings. This 1-year cohort study aims to evaluate the association of MetS with the development of both depression and anxiety.The cohort comprised 956 Japanese male employees of an enterprise (mean age, 42.7 years; SD, 10.2 years). MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The psychological conditions of depression and anxiety were assessed in 2 successive years by using the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire and by conducting clinical interviews as per the fourth...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - October 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Takeaki Takeuchi, Mutsuhiro Nakao, Kyoko Nomura, Mariko Inoue, Shinobu Tsurugano, Yasuko Shinozaki, Eiji Yano Source Type: journals

Subclinical vascular alterations in young adults with type 1 diabetes detected by arterial tonometryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a very high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease. Aims of this study were to determine arterial compliance parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients as an expression of early pre-clinical endothelial dysfunction and to evaluate the impact of glucose exposure parameters such as the duration of diabetes and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on the risk of developing alterations in vascular compliance.23 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (mean age: 32.78 ± 9.06 years, mean disease duration: 10.78 ± 7.51 years, mean HbA1c levels: 7.7 ± 1.9) and 26 age- and sex-matched healt...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - October 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: I. Barchetta, L. Sperduti, G. Germanò, S. Valiante, A. Vestri, A. Fraioli, M. G. Baroni, M. G. Cavallo Source Type: journals

Genome-wide linkage scans for type 2 diabetes mellitus in four ethnically diverse populations - significant evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q in African Americans: the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research GroupEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies have shown that in addition to environmental influences, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component. The goal of the current study is to identify regions of linkage for T2DM in ethnically diverse populations.Phenotypic and genotypic data were obtained from African American (AA; total number of individuals [N] = 1004), American Indian (AI; N = 883), European American (EA; N = 537), and Mexican American (MA; N = 1634) individuals from the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes. Non-parametric linkage analysis, using an average of 4404 SNPs, was performed in relative pairs affect...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alka Malhotra, Robert P. Igo Jr, Farook Thameem, W. H. Linda Kao, Hanna E. Abboud, Sharon G. Adler, Nedal H. Arar, Donald W. Bowden, Ravindranath Duggirala, Barry I. Freedman, Katrina A. B. Goddard, Eli Ipp, Sudha K. Iyengar, Paul L. Kimmel, William C. Kn Source Type: journals

Diabetes in Japan: a review of disease burden and approaches to treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In recent years there has been rapid growth in diabetes in Japan which now is one of the nations most affected by the worldwide diabetes epidemic. Diabetes has been identified as a healthcare priority by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). Type 1 diabetes is rare in Japan, and type 2 diabetes predominates in both adults and children. The growth in diabetes is due to increases in the number of people with type 2 diabetes associated with increased longevity and lifestyle changes. Approximately 13.5% of the Japanese population now has either type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. This high prevalence of...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Susan E. Neville, Kristina S. Boye, William S. Montgomery, Kazuya Iwamoto, Masato Okamura, Risa P. Hayes Source Type: journals

Identification of specific angiotensin-converting enzyme variants and haplotypes that confer risk and protection against type 2 diabetic nephropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cross-sectional and family studies identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). The contribution of ACE gene variants to DN development and progression is controversial and varies among different ethnic/racial groups.We investigated the association of three ACE gene variants with DN, rs1799752 insertion/deletion (I/D), rs1800764T/C and rs12449782A/G in 917 Tunisian type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients: 515 with (DN) and 402 without (DWN) nephropathy. ACE genotyping was done by PCR-based assays; haplotype estimation was performed using H-Plus software ([chi]2-test based).Gen...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 28, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Intissar Ezzidi, Nabil Mtiraoui, Maha Kacem, Molka Chaieb, Touhami Mahjoub, Wassim Y. Almawi Source Type: journals

Family history of myocardial infarction predicts incident coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women with diabetes: the Women's Health Initiative Observational StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) but CHD does not occur in all diabetic individuals. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between family history of myocardial infarction (MI) and incident CHD in diabetic postmenopausal women.We conducted a prospective cohort study among 2642 diabetic postmenopausal women without CHD at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Family history was defined as a proband report of MI in first-degree relatives. Incident CHD was defined as non-fatal MI, coronary revascularization, or CHD death.During 7.3 ( ± 1.8) years of follow-up,...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rongling Li, Mary J. O'Sullivan, Jennifer Robinson, Monika M. Safford, David Curb, Karen C. Johnson Source Type: journals

Association between oxidized LDL, obesity and type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort, the Health, Aging and Body Composition StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the relationship between oxLDL, and T2D- and obesity-related traits in a bi-racial sample of 2985 subjects at baseline and after 7 years of follow-up.We examined six T2D-related traits (T2D status, HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin and HOMA-IR) as well as six obesity-related traits (obesity status, BMI, leptin, % body fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat mass) using logistic and linear regression models.In all subjects at baseline, oxLDL was positively associated with T2D (OR = 1.3, 95% CI:1.1-1.5), fasting glucose (ß = 0.03 ± 0.006), HbA1c (ß = 0.02 ± 0.004), fasting insulin (ß = 0.12 ± 0.02), H...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Omer T. Njajou, Alka M. Kanaya, Paul Holvoet, Stephanie Connelly, Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Tamara B. Harris, Steve R. Cummings, Wen-Chi Hsueh Source Type: journals

Challenges in developing endpoints for type 1 diabetes intervention studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the conclusions of the D-Cure workshop of international experts held in Barcelona in April 2007 and the current recommendations and updates in the field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Simona Cernea, Itamar Raz, Kevan C. Herold, Boaz Hirshberg, Bart O. Roep, Desmond A. Schatz, G. Alexander Fleming, Paolo Pozzilli, Randie Little, Nanette C. Schloot, R. David G. Leslie, Jay S. Skyler, Jerry P. Palmer Source Type: journals

Comparison of insulin autoantibody: polyethylene glycol and micro-IAA 1-day and 7-day assaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Older studies of diabetes development typically utilized a 7-day incubation polyethylene glycol competitive insulin autoantibody assay (CIAA). Our standard micro-IAA assay (mIAA) utilizes precipitation with proteins A/G and 1-day incubation (1-day mIAA), but is less sensitive compared to the CIAA assay.We performed CIAA and mIAA assays in various conditions. We analyzed serum samples from 446 type 1 diabetes patients, from another set of 247 type 1 diabetes patients within 2 weeks of initiation of insulin treatment, from 150 healthy control donors, from 22 healthy participants in the diabetes autoimmunity study in the youn...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Naru Babaya, Liping Yu, Dongmei Miao, Jian Wang, Marian Rewers, Maki Nakayama, Edwin Liu, Jennifer M. Barker, George S. Eisenbarth Source Type: journals

Blood pressure levels in pre-diabetic stages are associated with worse cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with mild decrements in cognitive functioning, but the relation of these decrements to metabolic and vascular risk factors is unclear. The present study compared the vascular risk factor profile over the preceding 16 years between T2DM patients with good cognitive functioning and those with poor cognitive functioning.The Hoorn study is a population-based cohort study on glucose metabolism and vascular disease initiated in 1989, with follow-up examinations in 1996-1998, 2000-2001 and 2005-2007. Cognitive functioning was assessed in 2005-2007. Patients who developed T2DM between ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Esther van den Berg, Jacqueline M Dekker, Giel Nijpels, Roy P. C. Kessels, L. Jaap Kappelle, Edward H. F. de Haan, Robert J. Heine, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Geert Jan Biessels Source Type: journals

Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent apoptosis induced by high glucose-conditioned extracellular matrix in human retinal pericytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reported reduced adhesion, but no changes in apoptosis, of bovine retinal pericytes cultured on extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by endothelial cells in high glucose (HG). Since human and bovine pericytes may behave differently in conditions mimicking the diabetic milieu, we verified the behaviour of human retinal pericytes cultured on HG-conditioned ECM.Pericytes were cultured in physiological/HG on ECM produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in physiological/HG, alone or in the presence of thiamine and benfotiamine. Adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, p53 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio (mRNA levels and protein conc...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Elena Beltramo, Konstantin Nizheradze, Elena Berrone, Sonia Tarallo, Massimo Porta Source Type: journals

Fasting hyperinsulinemia associates with increased sub-clinical inflammation in first-degree relatives normal glucose tolerant women independently of the metabolic syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the influence of gender on the relationship between inflammation and hyperinsulinemia in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients independently of metabolic syndrome.Study group consisted in 217 first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance after an oral glucose tolerance test. A logistic analysis, adjusted for age, sex and all the components of the metabolic syndrome, was used to determine the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leptin and tertiles of fasting insulin, and to take into account the influence of gender.In the whole cohort, IL-6 and leptin were significantly higher and a...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - August 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Emanuela Setola, Lucilla D. Monti, Pietro Lucotti, Elena Galluccio, Matteo Oldani, Emanuele Bosi, PierMarco Piatti Source Type: journals

Protective role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in early phase of experimental diabetic retinopathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the mammalian eye, thus suggesting that PEDF may protect against proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, a role for PEDF in early diabetic retinopathy remains to be elucidated. We investigated here whether and how PEDF could prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy.Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with or without intravenous injection of PEDF for 4 weeks. Early neuronal derangements were evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Expression...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - August 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yumiko Yoshida, Sho-Ichi Yamagishi, Takanori Matsui, Yuko Jinnouchi, Kei Fukami, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Ryoji Yamakawa Source Type: journals

Baicalin reduces mitochondrial damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and mitochondrial membrane protection effects of baicalin, a flavonoid known for its radical scavenging activity.The following oral treatments were given to diabetic rats for 30 days: (1) metformin 500 mg/kg, (2) baicalin 120 mg/kg, and (3) metformin 500 mg/kg & baicalin 120 mg/kg, with vehicle-treated diabetic and non-diabetic groups serving as controls.Transmission electron microscopy imaging of pancreatic [beta]-cells revealed loss of integrity of the inner membrane of the mitochondria in the diabetic rats, which was not observ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - August 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Viduranga Y. Waisundara, Annie Hsu, Benny Kwong-Huat Tan, Dejian Huang Source Type: journals

Abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with diminished postload change in leptin levels in womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is generally accepted that the metabolic effects of leptin are diminished in the obese due to leptin resistance. Hormone resistance may develop if diurnal (including meal-related) changes in hormone levels are disrupted. We sought to describe leptin changes after a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with a prior diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (a high risk group for the metabolic syndrome) compared to that in healthy controls.In 2000 a retrospective cohort study was performed on women who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria 1985, n = 57) between 1996 and 1998 and o...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - August 13, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Eszter Madarász, Ádám Gy. Tabák, Gábor Speer, Péter Lakatos, Zsuzsa Kerényi, Gyula Tamás Source Type: journals

Microvascular dysfunction in diabetic foot disease and ulcerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the development of microvascular dysfunction in the diabetic foot and discusses how it may relate to the pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems and ulceration. Common methods for measuring skin microcirculation are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - August 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Clare Y. L. Chao, Gladys L. Y. Cheing Source Type: journals

Role of insulin autoantibody affinity as a predictive marker for type 1 diabetes in young children with HLA-conferred disease susceptibilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are early markers of prediabetic autoimmunity. As transient and fluctuating IAA positivity are common among young children, distinguishing non-progressive IAA from destruction-related IAA is essential when preventive measures are considered. We tested whether children progressing rapidly to type 1 diabetes (progressors) are characterized by a higher prediabetic IAA affinity than IAA-positive children remaining unaffected or progressing more slowly to diabetes (non-progressors), and whether IAA affinity increases towards diagnosis.Finnish children with HLA-conferred diabetes susceptibility were ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Heli Siljander, Taina Härkönen, Robert Hermann, Satu Simell, Anne Hekkala, Riikka-Tiina Salonsaari, Tuula Simell, Olli Simell, Jorma Ilonen, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip Source Type: journals

Evaluating the maintenance of effect of duloxetine in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the maintenance of effect of duloxetine 60 mg QD over 26 weeks in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).Adult patients with DPNP and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) 24-h average pain [ge]4 were treated in this open-label study with duloxetine 60 mg QD for 8 weeks. Responders ([ge]30% pain reduction) continued on duloxetine 60 mg QD (maintenance arm) for 26 weeks while non-responders had duloxetine increased to 120 mg QD (rescue arm). The primary outcome measure was the mean change from baseline (Week 8) to endpoint (Week 34) in BPI average pain in the maintenance arm. A number of secondary effica...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 26, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vladimir Skljarevski, Durisala Desaiah, Qi Zhang, Amy S. Chappell, Michael J. Detke, Jorge L. Gross, Dan Ziegler Source Type: journals

Effects of therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with a peptide derived from islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP) has beta cell regenerating effects in experimental models.Subjects with T1DM (N = 63) and T2DM (N = 126) received 300 or 600 mg/day of INGAP peptide in a 90 day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.In T1DM, on-treatment Arginine-stimulated C-peptide (AUC0-30) significantly increased from baseline in the 600 mg group (p = 0.0058 versus placebo); no significant changes were seen in the 300 mg group. In T2DM, stimulated C-peptide was significantly better preserved in the 600 mg group compared to placebo at day 120, 30 days after washout (p = 0.031 versus placebo), but...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 22, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kathleen M. Dungan, John B. Buse, Robert E. Ratner Source Type: journals

Coxsackievirus B4 and type 1 diabetes pathogenesis: contribution of animal modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of enteroviruses, in particular type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B), in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis is supported by epidemiological, clinical and experimental observations.The investigation of T1D pathogenesis benefits from the contribution of animal models called spontaneously diabetic. Among these animals the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the bio-breeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rat present a genetic susceptibility manifested by the expression of an autoimmune diabetes similar to the pathology observed in human beings. Other models whose genetic predisposition is less known are of considerable contribution ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: H. Jaïdane, F. Sané, J. Gharbi, M. Aouni, M. B. Romond, D. Hober Source Type: journals

Acetyl-CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 show distinct expression patterns in rats and humans and alterations in obesity and diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC) 1 and 2 are central enzymes in lipid metabolism. To further investigate their relevance for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, expression of both ACC isoforms was analyzed in obese fa/fa Zucker fatty and Zucker diabetic fatty rats at different ages in comparison to Zucker lean controls.ACC1 and ACC2 transcript levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in metabolically relevant tissues of Zucker fatty, Zucker diabetic fatty and Zucker lean control animals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was also applied to measure ACC tissue distribu...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 19, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sebastian Kreuz, Corinna Schoelch, Leo Thomas, Wolfgang Rist, Jörg F. Rippmann, Heike Neubauer Source Type: journals

Diabetes mellitus and gastric emptying: questions and issues in clinical practiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is long known that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be associated with changes in gastric emptying; a number of publications have linked diabetes to delayed gastric emptying of variable severity and often with poor relationship to gastrointestinal symptomatology. In contrast, more recent studies have reported accelerated gastric emptying when adjusted for glucose concentration in patients with diabetes, indicating a reciprocal relationship between gastric emptying and ambient glucose concentrations. This review proposes that gastroparesis or gastroparesis diabeticorum, a severe condition characterized by a significan...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Melvin Samsom, Adil Bharucha, John E. Gerich, Kathrin Herrmann, Jörg Limmer, Rainer Linke, David Maggs, Jörg Schirra, Adrian Vella, Hans-Jürgen Wörle, Burkhard Göke Source Type: journals

Different apoptotic responses of human and bovine pericytes to fluctuating glucose levels and protective role of thiamineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vascular cells in diabetes are subjected to daily fluctuations from high to low glucose. We aimed at investigating whether pulsed exposure to different glucose concentrations influences apoptosis in human retinal pericytes (HRP) versus bovine retinal pericytes (BRP), with consequences on the onset of diabetic retinopathy, and the possible protective role of thiamine.BRP and HRP (wild-type and immortalized) were grown in physiological/high glucose for 7 days, and then returned to physiological glucose for another 24, 48 or 72 h. Cells were also kept intermittently at 48-h intervals in high/normal glucose for 8 days, with/wi...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Elena Beltramo, Elena Berrone, Sonia Tarallo, Massimo Porta Source Type: journals

Blood lipid levels in relation to glucose status in seven populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes: the DECODA studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dyslipidaemia commonly coexists with diabetes. We investigated the association of lipid profiles with glucose levels in populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes.Cross-sectional data of 10 374 men and 12 552 women aged 30-74 years from 14 cohorts, representing seven populations of Asian origin were jointly analysed. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analyses with standardized regression coefficients ([beta]) were performed to estimate relationships between lipids and plasma glucose.Within each glucose category, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were correlated with increasing levels of trigly...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - July 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. Zhang, Q. Qiao, J. Tuomilehto, N. Hammar, E. D. Janus, S. Söderberg, V. Mohan, A. Ramachandran, Y. H. Dong, T. H. Lam, Z. C. Pang Source Type: journals

Comparison of insulin detemir and insulin glargine using a basal-bolus regimen in a randomized, controlled clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This treat-to-target study compared the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir (IDet) and insulin glargine (IGla) in a basal-bolus (insulin aspart) regimen in type 2 diabetes.385 patients were randomized 2 : 1 (IDet : IGla). Non-inferiority of IDet to IGla was determined by HbA1c 95% CI upper limit
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Philip Raskin, Titus Gylvin, Wayne Weng, Louis Chaykin Source Type: journals

Failure of beta-cell function to compensate lack of insulin action in hyperuricemic subjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examine the response of beta-cell function to compensate insulin resistance in hyperuricaemic subjects.Population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 212 healthy individuals, men and non-pregnant women, aged 20-65 years, were randomly recruited and allocated into groups with hyperuricaemia or normouricaemia that were matched by value of Belfiore index. Hyperuricaemia was defined by serum uric acid concentration [ge]416 µmol/L in men and [ge]357 µmol/L in women. To evaluate the compensation of insulin secretion to variation of insulin sensitivity, we used a surrogate of the hyperbolic model of beta-c...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Luis E. Simental-Mendía, Martha Rodríguez-Morán, Fernando Guerrero-Romero Source Type: journals

Oral glucose tolerance test in Italian overweight/obese children and adolescents results in a very high prevalence of impaired fasting glycaemia, but not of diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Very few studies on glucose abnormalities in European overweight/obese children and adolescents are available, and scientific evidence on the value of standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in childhood is lacking. We therefore aimed to establish prevalence and features of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large cohort of Italian overweight/obese children and adolescents and to assess the validity of standard OGTT in the paediatric population.This is a 1-year observational study conducted on 736 (535 overweight/obese and 201 normal weight) consecutive paedi...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Valentina M. Cambuli, Michela Incani, Sabrina Pilia, Tiziana Congiu, M. Gisella Cavallo, Efisio Cossu, Federica Sentinelli, Stefano Mariotti, Sandro Loche, Marco G. Baroni Source Type: journals

Circulating insulin antibodies: influence of continuous subcutaneous or intraperitoneal insulin infusion, and impact on glucose controlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, even if CSII and CPII may promote the development of circulating IAs, this increase does not lead to immunological insulin resistance, compared to that previously described with animal non-purified insulin preparations, and seems to have only marginal influence on blood glucose control or complications in most diabetic patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. P. Radermecker, E. Renard, A. J. Scheen Source Type: journals

Protective effects of 1-[alpha]-hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual [beta]-cell function in patients with adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that vitamin D could prevent pancreatic [beta]-cell destruction and reduce the incidence of autoimmune diabetes. In children with type 1 diabetes, vitamin D treatment produces moderate protective effects on residual [beta]-cell function and has proven to be safe. Therefore, we hypothesized that vitamin D might have protective effects on [beta]-cell function in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), a form of slowly progressive autoimmune type 1 diabetes.Thirty-five patients with LADA were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous insulin alone (n =...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Xia Li, Lan Liao, Xiang Yan, Gan Huang, Jian Lin, Minxiang Lei, Xiangbing Wang, Zhiguang Zhou Source Type: journals

High glucose-induced changes in steroid production in adrenal cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in enhanced adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and serum glucocorticoid levels, has been described in patients with diabetes mellitus and in animal models of this disease; however, altered steroid production by adrenocortical cells could result from local changes triggered by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced in turn by chronic hyperglycaemia. Experiments were designed (1) to analyse the effects of incubating murine adrenocortical cells in hyperglycaemic media on the generation of oxidative stress, on steroid synthesis and on its modulati...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: F. Astort, E. M. Repetto, C. Martínez Calejman, J. M. Cipelli, R. Sánchez, J. M. Di Gruccio, M. Mercau, O. P. Pignataro, P. Arias, C. B. Cymeryng Source Type: journals

Effect of genetic variation in Kv1.3 on olfactory functionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Olfactory function is reduced in aged humans and diabetes mellitus patients. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms leading to olfactory dysfunction. Recently, it has been shown that the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is regulated by insulin and is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, the function of this channel is associated with olfaction in mice and with glucose metabolism in mice and men. We therefore hypothesized that a functionally relevant polymorphism in Kv1.3 might alter olfactory function.We investigated a group of 94 healthy subjects (male: n = 58, female: n = 36) for ol...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - June 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Martina Guthoff, Otto Tschritter, Daniela Berg, Inga Liepelt, Claudia Schulte, Fausto Machicao, Hans-Ulrich Haering, andreas Fritsche Source Type: journals

Sulfonylureas and prognosis after myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: a population-based follow-up studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cardiovascular safety, including risk of myocardial infarction (MI), of individual sulfonylureas (SUs) may differ. It remains uncertain whether treatment with individual SUs influences prognosis following MI.We conducted a nationwide population-based follow-up study among all Danish patients hospitalized with first-time MI from 1996 to 2004. From the national health databases, we identified 3930 MI patients who used SUs at the time of admission. We computed mortality rates and rates of MI and heart failure readmission according to type of SU and used Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis to compute hazard rati...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - May 22, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Henriette T. Horsdal, Søren Paaske Johnsen, Flemming Søndergaard, Jacob Jacobsen, Reimar W. Thomsen, Ole Schmitz, Henrik T. Sørensen, Jørgen Rungby Source Type: journals

Glucose abnormalities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: the role of iron overloadEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are major causes of liver disease frequently described in outpatient patients with glucose abnormalities. Hyperferritinemia, which suggests that iron overload plays a decisive role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, is a common finding in both disorders. However, the role of the hepatic iron deposition differs from one to the other. In NAFLD, a moderate liver iron accumulation has been observed and molecular mechanisms, including the downregulation of the liver iron exporter ferroportin-1, have been describe...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - May 19, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Albert Lecube, Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó Source Type: journals

Pulse pressure and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy according to duration of type 1 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate changes in pulse pressure (PP) and markers of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) according to duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).This cross-sectional controlled study evaluated 159 diabetic patients during a 3-min posture test (standing-squatting-standing) with continuous measurement of systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure by a Finapres device. Arterial stiffness was indirectly assessed by PP and the slope of PP as a function of MBP calculated during the whole 3-min test. CAN was assessed by the expiration/inspiration pulse interval ratio (E/I R-R ratio) during deep brea...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - May 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. C. Philips, M. Marchand, A. J. Scheen Source Type: journals

Integrating glycaemic variability in the glycaemic disorders of type 2 diabetes: a move towards a unified glucose tetrad conceptEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The high incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes. Evidence is accumulating that postprandial hyperglycaemia is an independent risk factor for diabetes-associated complications and mortality, and that worsening diabetes control is characterized by postprandial glucose (PPG) deterioration preceding an impairment in fasting glucose levels. Postprandial and general glucose fluctuations play a major role in activating oxidative stress, leading to the endothelial dysfunction, one of the mechanisms responsible for vascular complicat...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - May 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Louis Monnier, Claude Colette, David R. Owens Source Type: journals

Changes in gene expression and morphology of mouse embryonic stem cells on differentiation into insulin-producing cells in vitro and in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to produce unlimited numbers of surrogate insulin-producing cells for cell replacement therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The impact of the in vivo environment on mouse ES cell differentiation towards insulin-producing cells was analysed morphologically after implantation.ES cells differentiated in vitro into insulin-producing cells according to the Lumelsky protocol or a new four-stage differentiation protocol were analysed morphologically before and after implantation for gene expression by in situ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein expression by imm...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - May 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ortwin Naujok, Flavio Francini, Sally Picton, Clifford J. Bailey, Sigurd Lenzen, Anne Jörns Source Type: journals

Advanced glycation end products in diabetic patients with optimized glycaemic control and their effects on endothelial reactivity: possible implications in venous graft failureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetic patients exhibit an increased risk of saphenous graft occlusion after coronary bypass. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are ubiquitous signalling proteins that are associated with vascular and neurological complication of diabetes. The aim of this study is to verify whether AGE levels may promote endothelial cell alterations responsible for vein graft failure.Segments of saphenous vein were obtained from both normal people and diabetic patients (HbA1c < 6.0%) at the time of coronary surgery. Cultured endothelial cells were incubated in the absence/presence of AGEs (2 and 20 µM), and mRNA and protein for bot...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Massimo Chello, Cristiano Spadaccio, Mario Lusini, Elvio Covino, Carla Blarzino, Federico De Marco, Fabio Di Domenico, Raffaella Coccia Source Type: journals

Independent anti-inflammatory effect of insulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although insulin has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect, whether this effect is independent of its property to reduce blood glucose with insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent anti-inflammatory effect of insulin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.An 8-week, randomized, parallel-group study that enrolled 90 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to receive either insulin or metformin, was carried out. The doses of insulin and metformin were titrated according to fasting...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Xiao-Ming Mao, Hao Liu, Xiao-Jun Tao, Guo-Ping Yin, Qian Li, Shu-Kui Wang Source Type: journals

Extended-release niacin decreases serum fetuin-A concentrations in individuals with metabolic syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fetuin-A, a liver-secreted phosphoprotein and physiological inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. However, studies on the modulation of circulating levels of fetuin-A are limited. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of niacin administration on serum total- and phosphorylated fetuin-A (phosphofetuin-A) concentrations in individuals with MetS and correlate with changes in serum lipids, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation.Fifteen sedentary, obese, male participants, who met the Nati...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shalini V. Kaushik, Eric P. Plaisance, Teayoun Kim, Edmond Y. Huang, A. Jack Mahurin, Peter W. Grandjean, Suresh T. Mathews Source Type: journals

Leptin and endothelin-1 mediated increased extracellular matrix protein production and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in diabetic heart diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the role of leptin and its interaction with endothelin 1 (ET-1) in fibronectin (FN) synthesis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, two characteristic features of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Endothelial cells [human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)] were examined for FN production and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes for hypertrophy, following incubation with glucose, ET-1, leptin and specific blockers. FN, ET-1, leptin and leptin receptors mRNA expression and FN protein were measured. Myocytes were also morphometrically examined. Furthermore, hearts from streptozotocin-diabetic rats were analysed.Glucose caused i...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pijush Majumdar, Shali Chen, Biju George, Subhrojit Sen, Morris Karmazyn, Subrata Chakrabarti Source Type: journals

Switch from a dominant Th1-associated immune profile during the pre-diabetic phase in favour of a temporary increase of a Th3-associated and inflammatory immune profile at the onset of type 1 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims to confirm previous observations of a dominant T-helper (Th)1-like profile during the period close to onset of disease. Further, to follow the immune response from onset to 2 years duration, the study focused on spontaneous as well as autoantigen-induced immune profile.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected 4 days and 1 and 2 years after diagnosis of T1D children, from healthy children carrying the human leukocyte antigen-risk genes and from high-risk children (ICA [ge] 20 IJDF units). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and phytohaemaggluti...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Anna Ryden, Katerina Stechova, Marianna Durilova, Maria Faresjö Source Type: journals

Higher arterial stiffness, greater peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood flow in lower-leg arteries are associated with long-term hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients with normal ankle-brachial indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 38 age-matched nondiabetic subjects without peripheral artery occlusive disease assessed by ankle-brachial index consecutively admitted to our hospital, and followed them over a 3-year period (3.7 ± 0.7 years) with no vasodilative medication. Blood flow and resistive index, a measure of peripheral vascular resistance, at the popliteal artery were evaluated using gated two-dimensional cine-mode phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was measured to assess arterial stiffness.At baseline, consistent with our previous report, diabetic patients ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - April 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Eiji Suzuki, Toru Yoshimura, Yasushi Omura, Masayoshi Sakaguchi, Yoshihiko Nishio, Hiroshi Maegawa, Akitaka Hisatomi, Kazuma Fujimoto, Jun Takeda, Atsunori Kashiwagi Source Type: journals

Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding reduces autoimmune diabetes incidence and increases regulatory T-cell frequency in bio-breeding diabetes-prone ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previously, we reported that exclusive breastfeeding delayed and partially protected bio-breeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rats from spontaneous autoimmune diabetes development. To investigate whether this protection results from modulation of the (mucosal) immune system, the present study was designed to analyse the effect of nutrition early in life on the immune status of BBDP rats.The breastfeeding period of BBDP pups was extended or not, while allowing half of the pups to eat during that period whereas the other half received only breast milk. Cytokine profiles as well as naturally occurring regulatory T-cell frequencies ...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. Brugman, J. T. J. Visser, J. L. Hillebrands, N. A. Bos, J. Rozing Source Type: journals

Serum high-molecular weight adiponectin is related to early postprandial glycemic increases and gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical determinants of postprandial glycemia and lipemia, especially serum high-molecular weight adiponectin.Twenty-seven diabetic patients treated with diet alone and 13 healthy volunteers took liquid test meal containing 53 g carbohydrate and 47 g lipid, dosed with nonradioactive isotope 13C-acetate. Venous blood and breath samples were obtained for 180 min after the meal. Gastric emptying was evaluated by peak excretion time of 13CO2 in the breath samples. Delayed ga...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Iwase, K. Iino, M. Oku, S. Nohara, T. Asano, Y. Doi, M. Iida Source Type: journals

Differences in cardiovascular risk profile based on relationship between post-load plasma glucose and fasting plasma levelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been shown that subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), whose plasma glucose (PG) levels do not return to their fasting PG level within 2 h during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (Group I), have a significantly higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes than NGT subjects whose 2-h glucose returns to, or drops below, the fasting level (Group I). However, it is still unsettled whether individuals in Group II have a more atherogenic profile than Group I subjects.To address this issue, we examined 266 non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic patients, recruited in the context of EUGENE2 cross-sectional study. A...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Elena Succurro, Maria Adelaide Marini, Alessandro Grembiale, Marina Lugarà, Francesco andreozzi, Angela Sciaqua, Marta Letizia Hribal, Renato Lauro, Francesco Perticone, Giorgio Sesti Source Type: journals

Anti-CD3 mAbs for treatment of type 1 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The use of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has moved from the bench to the bedside. The experience with the anti-human CD3 mAb OKT3 for treatment of transplant rejection identified limitations that were largely overcome with the creation of humanized non-FcR binding antibodies: Teplizumab, Otelixizumab and Visilizumab. Preclinical studies showed the ability of the drugs to reverse hyperglycaemia in diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice providing rationale for clinical trials with the agents. The former two drugs have been tested in subjects with new onset type 1 diabetes. They have both shown, in randomized clinical...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Adam Kaufman, Kevan C. Herold Source Type: journals

C-peptide in the natural history of type 1 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed when the patient's endogenous insulin secretion decreases to a level which results in hyperglycemia. After diagnosis, insulin secretion continues to decline. As a reference for clinical trials trying to preserve endogenous beta-cell function in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes, in this short review I attempt to summarize the natural history of endogenous beta-cell function after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jerry P. Palmer Source Type: journals

Glucometabolic state of in-hospital primary hypertension patients with normal fasting blood glucose in a sub-population of ChinaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a high prevalence of abnormal glucometabolism (AGM) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and primary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the glucometabolic state of PH patients with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG).Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed for 445 in-hospital PH patients with normal FBG and re-performed for those patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during the follow-up period.Diabetes mellitus (DM), IGT, and AGM (including IGT and DM) accounted for 4.4, 24.5, and 28.9% of patients, respectively. Prevalence of AGM in patients with higher haemoglobin A1c (H...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yang-Xin Chen, Chong-Feng Fang, XiaoQiao Wang, Ru-Qiong Nie, GuoQi Li, LiJiang Tang, Shu-Xian Zhou, Jing-Feng Wang Source Type: journals

Therapy with GAD in diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is of great importance for the neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and therefore of interest for treatment of pain and neurological disease. However, it is also released in pancreas although its role is not quite clear. GAD is a major auto-antigen in the process leading to type 1 diabetes with both a clear cell-mediated immune response to GAD and auto-antibodies to GAD (GADA), which can be used as a predictor of diabetes. Administration of the isoform GAD65 can prevent autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and the subsequen...
Source: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews - March 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Johnny Ludvigsson Source Type: journals

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