Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious DiseaseThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Erratum to “Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains” [Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 62 (2008) 199–204]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
After publication of the above mentioned article, a revised was provided and is included below. Furthermore, on page 203 under Section 4.3 Pyrazinamide, the sentence reading “Our study observed that around 60% of PZA-resistant strains had pncA gene mutations from positions 136 to 188, and although pncA is a small gene, mutations in various positions of its structure have been found (Zhang and Mitchinson, 2003).”, should read, “Our study observed that around 60% of PZA-resistant strains had pncA gene mutations from positions 99 to 175, and although pncA is a small gene, mutations in various positions of its structure...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - November 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wanessa Trindade Clemente, Stella Sala Soares Lima, Moises Palaci, Márcia S.N. Silva, Vivian F. Sumnienski Rodrigues, Elis R. Dalla Costa, Lia Possuelo, Patrícia Izquierdo Cafrune, Fabíola Karla Ribeiro, Harisson M. Gomes, José Carlos Serufo Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Zyvox® Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum program: linezolid surveillance program results for 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the activity of linezolid remained uniform and stable across the sampled geographic regions studied when compared to the 2006 to 2007 results. Documented LZD-R remains rare (only 0.13% overall but highest for CoNS [0.41%] and enterococci [0.69%]) among the 24 countries sampled for the 6 different pathogen groups. Rates of clindamycin resistance and the frequency of MRSA varied by geographic region and between nations; therefore, like oxazolidinones, it requires continued surveillance for changing resistance patterns. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - November 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ronald N. Jones, James E. Ross, Jan M. Bell, Uchino Utsuki, Ikeda Fumiaki, Intetsu Kobayashi, John D. Turnidge Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Linezolid surveillance program results for 2008 (LEADER Program for 2008)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, linezolid activity sampled by the 5th year of this LEADER Program showed sustained potency and spectrum (99.64% susceptibility levels). The nonsusceptible strain isolation rates remained stable and the plasmid-mediated ribosomal-based resistance mechanism that emerged in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in 2007 showed no evidence of dissemination or increased prevalence. However, there was evidence of cfr persistence with the S. epidermidis strain. The LEADER Program continues to be an effective and sensitive surveillance tool to detect and monitor novel oxazolidinone resistance ...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - November 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: David J. Farrell, Rodrigo E. Mendes, James E. Ross, Ronald N. Jones Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Summary trends for the Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection Program: a 10-year experience in the United States (1999–2008)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Program was a global, longitudinal antimicrobial resistance surveillance network of more than 100 medical centers worldwide monitoring the susceptibility of meropenem and selected other broad-spectrum comparator agents. In 1999, and from 2000 through 2008, a total of 10 or 15 United States (USA) medical centers each forwarded 200 nonduplicate clinical isolates from serious infections to a central processing laboratory. Over the 10-year period of this surveillance program, the activity of meropenem and an average of 11 other antimicrobial age...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Paul R. Rhomberg, Ronald N. Jones Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Erratum to “A simple and rapid nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for differentiation of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira spp.” [Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 63 (2009) 251–256]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Following publication of the above mentioned article, a revised image was provided by the author. The revised figure is included below. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Navid Dinparast Djadid, Zahra Faghanzadeh Ganji, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Mahmood Rezvani, Sedigheh Zakeri Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Antipseudomonal activity of piperacillin/tazobactam: more than a decade of experience from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997–2007)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, piperacillin/tazobactam remained a very active β-lactam when tested in vitro against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa found in the SENTRY Program (1997–2007). Trends toward slightly decreased susceptibility were noted in all regions over the last decade (except LA); only polymyxins had susceptibility rates at >90%. Resistance surveillance programs should be sustained to document emerging resistance patterns of old and newer agents for difficult-to-treat pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ronald N. Jones, Matthew G. Stilwell, Paul R. Rhomberg, Helio S. Sader Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Development and evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to identify Salmonella serogroups and serotypesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To improve limitations of Salmonella serotyping, 2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) were developed using a strategy that identifies first the genes encoding serogroups (rfbJ, wzx). According to the serogroup determined, a second M-PCR identifies serotype (fliC, fljB, wcdB, and sdf-I sequence). Standardization and evaluation of both M-PCRs were carried out. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nora Cardona-Castro, Miryan Sánchez-Jiménez, Lelia Lavalett, Nélida Múñoz, Jaime Moreno Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Expanded studies of piperacillin/tazobactam formulations: variations among branded product lots and assessment of 46 generic lotsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The experience with analyzing the potency of piperacillin/tazobactam generic formulations by a precise multiorganism in vitro assay was expanded to 46 lots (29 manufacturers, 17 countries). Across all generic lots, the range of activity compared with a reference branded lot (RLOT; Zosyn®; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) was +10% to −42% (average, −16%). Eight lots of Zosyn® were also tested with a range of +7 to −19 (average, only −6%), and the reproducibility (13 replicates) of the RLOT assay was confirmed (±3%). This ongoing quality assurance project demonstrated wide activity variations in ...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gary J. Moet, Amy A. Watters, Helio S. Sader, Ronald N. Jones Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Comparative evaluation of the ARCHITECT Toxo IgG, IgM, and IgG Avidity assays for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies detection in pregnant women seraEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We assessed the performance of the ARCHITECT Toxo IgG, IgM, and IgG Avidity assays against corresponding assays on AxSYM and Vidas using 730 sera from pregnant women. The ARCHITECT Toxo IgG and IgM assays showed a relative sensitivity of 97.5% and 89.9% and a relative specificity of 99.1% and 99.8%, respectively. If IgM sensitivity is calculated only for sera drawn less than 4 months after infection, the relative sensitivity rises to 98.1%. Correlation between the ARCHITECT and Vidas Avidity assays was 0.87 (n = 103). Testing 86 IgG-positive specimens from recent infection (4 months) exhibited high avidity result...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Françoise Gay-Andrieu, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Eva Sickinger, Anne Espern, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hans-Bertram Braun, Hervé Pelloux Tags: Parasitology Source Type: journals

Quantitative evaluation of T-cell response after specific antigen stimulation in active and latent tuberculosis infection in adults and childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We have evaluated the quantitative T-cell response after specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen stimulation in active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) patients. In adults, the median number of T cells after RD1 antigen stimulation was significantly higher in active TB patients than in LTBI patients. In children, the number of responder T cells against the specific antigens was higher in active TB than in LTBI patients, although the differences were not significant. In summary, in patients with suspected clinical TB, although there is overlapping in the number of responder T cells between both...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Irene Latorre, Malú De Souza-Galvão, Juan Ruiz-Manzano, Alicia Lacoma, Cristina Prat, Loreto Fuenzalida, Neus Altet, Vicente Ausina, Jose Domínguez Tags: Mycobacteriology Source Type: journals

Molecular identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from pulmonary specimens of patients in the State of Pará, Amazon region, BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that the description of new RGM species requires the establishment of standardized procedures for RGM identification and the alert of the clinician about their involvement in pulmonary disease and the necessity of treatment for control and cure. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ana Roberta Fusco da Costa, Maria Luiza Lopes, Sylvia Cardoso Leão, Maria Paula da Cruz Schneider, Maísa Silva de Sousa, Philip Noel Suffys, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira Corvelo, Karla Valéria Batista Lima Tags: Mycobacteriology Source Type: journals

A rapid, 2-well, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of SCCmec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: For us to assess the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) is a valuable addition to existing typing methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Traditional SCCmec typing assays, that is, that of Oliveira et al. and Ito et al., are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based, requiring electrophoresis. We introduce a rapid, 2-well, multiplex real-time PCR assay that can be used directly on bacterial suspensions and is able to characterize SCCmec type I to V based on the detection of the ccr genes and the mec complex. The assay...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Håvard Valvatne, Michelle I.A. Rijnders, Ana Budimir, Marie-Louise Boumans, Albert J. de Neeling, Patrick S. Beisser, Ellen E. Stobberingh, Ruud H. Deurenberg Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Characterization of plasmids encoding CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamases from Escherichia coli in Canadian intensive care unitsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The dissemination of CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamases among Escherichia coli in Canadian intensive care units occurs through a combination of clonal spread of virulent strains and the horizontal transfer of genetically similar IncI1, IncA/C, and IncK/B plasmids. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patricia J. Baudry, Laura Mataseje, George G. Zhanel, Daryl J. Hoban, Michael R. Mulvey Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV in a university hospital in Porto Alegre, BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study show that OSPC isolates are not only causing community-associated infections but are also involved in HCAI in our country. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Letícia V. Scribel, Maria C. Silva-Carvalho, Raquel Rodrigues Souza, Silvana V. Superti, Carlos H.C. Kvitko, Agnes M.S. Figueiredo, Alexandre P. Zavascki Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

The Helicobacter pylori Mfd protein is important for antibiotic resistance and DNA repairEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A Helicobacter pylori mutant defective in a putative mfd gene was constructed and characterized. The mfd gene is required for DNA repair and is involved in DNA recombination processes. The mfd mutant strain displayed a greatly increased susceptibility to antibiotics, indicating that this gene plays a significant role in the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori strain J99. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gin Hyug Lee, Jin-Yong Jeong, Jun-Won Chung, Won-Hee Nam, Sun-Mi Lee, Jhang-Ho Pak, Kee Don Choi, Ho June Song, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Jin-Ho Kim Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Usefulness and influence of age of a novel Rapid HpStAR™ stool antigen for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A novel rapid monoclonal enzyme immunoassay stool antigen for Helicobacter pylori detection (Rapid HpStAR™) was evaluated in 16 infected and 92 noninfected children. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 87.5%, 97.8%, 87.5%, and 97.8%, respectively, with an accuracy of 96.2%. The negative predictive value was good in all age groups, reaching 100% in younger children. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nicolas Kalach, Eric Dehecq, Pierre Gosset, Anne Decoster, Michel Bergeret, Christophe Dupont, Josette Raymond Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

In vivo selection of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by OmpK36 loss during meropenem treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We recovered a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate H224 under in vivo meropenem selection pressure. Insertional inactivation of a major porin gene, ompK36, by IS5 element might play a role in acquiring carbapenem resistance in this strain harboring plasmid-borne DHA-1 AmpC β-lactamase. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wonkeun Song, Borum Suh, Jun Yong Choi, Seok Hoon Jeong, Eun Hee Jeon, Young Ki Lee, Seong Geun Hong, Kyungwon Lee Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Diversity of the blaSHV genesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We investigated the diversity of nucleotide sequences of 297 SHV-encoding genes, based on nucleotide synonymous mutations and the presence or absence of the nonsynonymous mutation T92A. The analysis of this diversity allowed us to develop and propose a classification to differentiate the nucleotide sequence variants of the blaSHV genes. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nuno Mendonça, Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine, Manuela Caniça Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Comparison of nucleic acid extraction methods for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Four nucleic acid extraction procedures (2 automated and 2 manual) were compared for their efficiency at isolating Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA. Oropharyngeal swabs from healthy volunteers were spiked with varying amounts of M. pneumoniae, extracted, and tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our data indicate that both automated extraction methods consistently outperform the manual procedures. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kathleen A. Thurman, Kelley C. Cowart, Jonas M. Winchell Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan: identification of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) arises when methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) acquires the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Most pvl-positive MRSA in Taiwan belong to ST59 lineage and carry SCCmec V. The genetic profiles of 51 MSSA were compared with those of 80 MRSA from the same hospitals. Nine pvl-positive MSSA (oxacillin MIC ≤2 μg/mL) shared >80% similarity in pulsed field gel electrophoresis pattern with 17 pvl-positive SCCmec V MRSA. Further investigation found that 5 of these 9 isolates were MRSA by cefoxitin and carried SCCmec V. All 26 pvl-positive isolates ha...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Feng-Jui Chen, Keiichi Hiramatsu, I-Wen Huang, Chen-Her Wang, Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using hypothetical proteins CT226 and CT795 as antigens in Chlamydia trachomatis serodiagnosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The CT226 and the CT795 proteins were produced as purified recombinant proteins and were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies. The performances of the developed ELISA tests were compared with our in-house microimmunofluorescence test and the species-specific pELISA test using a panel of 342 sera. Our results indicate that the performance of the CT795 ELISA test was higher than that of the CT226 ELISA test according to the microimmunofluorescence and to the pELISA. To assess whether a combination of tests could improve the ser...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Olfa Frikha-Gargouri, Radhouane Gdoura, Abir Znazen, Jalel Gargouri, Adnene Hammami Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Visual DNA microarrays for simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and Treponema pallidum coupled with multiplex asymmetric polymerase chain reactionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Based on gold label silver stain and coupled with multiplex asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we developed the visual DNA microarray for simultaneous, sensitive, and specific detection of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and Treponema pallidum. The 5′-end amino-modified oligonucleotides were immobilized on glass surface, which were used as the capturing probes to bind the complement biotinylated target DNA. The gold-conjugated streptavidins were introduced to the microarray for specific binding to biotin. The black image of microarray spots, which were the result from the precipita...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jingfeng Tang, Li Zhou, Wenjuan Gao, Xuan Cao, Yefu Wang Tags: Virology Source Type: journals

Dog bite wound infection by Pasteurella dagmatis misidentified as Pasteurella pneumotropica by automated system Vitek 2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human pasteurellosis are most often caused by dog and cat bites, resulting in cellulitis and subcutaneous abscesses. The second most common site of infection or colonization is the respiratory tract. Systemic diseases are uncommon and mostly occur in patients with underlying diseases. Pasteurella multocida is the most frequent species in human infections, but other species may be involved, such as Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, and Pasteurella stomatis (). Automated systems are commonly used for Pasteurella identification. However, the failure of commercial systems to satisfactorily identify microorganisms is of ...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thomas Guillard, Veronique Duval, Romuald Jobart, Lucien Brasme, Catherine David, Christophe de Champs, Matthieu Begin, Emile Dehoux Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: journals

Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in a kidney transplant patient without initial pulmonary involvementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report shows that R. equi should be considered as a cause of infection in solid organ transplant recipients even without initial clinical and radiologic signs of pulmonary involvement. Despite adequate therapy, the outcome can be fatal. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Janette C. Rahamat-Langendoen, Matijs van Meurs, Jan G. Zijlstra, Jerome R. Lo-Ten-Foe Tags: Case Report Source Type: journals

Concurrent measurement of adenosine deaminase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Measurement of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels aids diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP) enzyme is closely related to ADA. Our aim was to determine the value of concurrent measurement of these T-cell–associated enzymes, ADA and DPP levels in the diagnosis of TPE. Patients with pleural effusion were grouped as TPE, parapneumonic, malignant, congestive heart failure related, and miscellaneous pleural effusions. Pleural and serum ADA and DPP levels were measured. Pleural and serum levels of ADA and pleural DPP were higher in TPE group than the rest. In 7 patie...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Elif Küpeli, Demet Karnak, Serenay Elgün, Emine Argüder, Oya Kayacan Tags: Mycobacteriology Source Type: journals

Evidence for daptomycin Etest lot-related MIC elevations for Staphylococcus aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: MIC testing was performed simultaneously by Etest and broth microdilution (BMD) on 587 Staphylococcus aureus isolates submitted by local laboratories to a reference laboratory for confirmatory testing (May 2005 to July 2008). Testing bias was assessed for Etest to BMD MIC ratios. Categoric and essential agreement, very major (BMD nonsusceptible, Etest susceptible), and major (BMD susceptible, Etest nonsusceptible) errors were evaluated. Agar and broth calcium concentrations were consistent with current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and manufacturer recommendations. There was a consistent bias for hi...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lawrence Friedrich, Grace Thorne, Judith N. Steenbergen, Diane Anastasiou, Laura Koeth Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Characterization of class 1 integrons and gene cassettes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from TaiwanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We surveyed the prevalence and contents of class 1 integrons in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, during 2 periods (1993 and 2004). Class 1 integrons were present in 78 isolates (34.2%) from 1993 (n = 228) and 129 (32.9%) from 2004 (n = 392) and contained varied gene cassette number, type, and array. We found 2 atypical sul3-associated class 1 integrons and identified 26 different gene cassettes, including an aac(6′)-Ib-cr cassette here firstly described in K. pneumoniae from Taiwan. The continuing evolution of class 1 integrons is threatening to undermine the effectivene...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chung-Yu Chang, Yu-Ti Fang, Shih-Meng Tsai, Lin-Li Chang, Wen-Liang Yu Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Specific IgG avidity in active and inactive human neurocysticercosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reported for the first time that IgG avidity assay may distinguish active from inactive NC. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Marianna Nascimento Manhani, Vanessa da Silva Ribeiro, Deise Aparecida Oliveira Silva, Julia Maria Costa-Cruz Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Impact of human serum albumin on oritavancin in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Human serum albumin (HSA) did not affect oritavancin MICs against non–vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (non-VISA) strains. In time–kill assays, oritavancin bactericidal activity in the presence of HSA was significantly more rapid than comparators against non-VISA strains. HSA increased oritavancin MICs by 4-fold for VISA strains, reflective of reduced oritavancin activity in time–kill assays with HSA. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Francis F. Arhin, Geoffrey A. McKay, Sylvain Beaulieu, Ingrid Sarmiento, Thomas. R. Parr, Gregory Moeck Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Predominance of CTX-M–type extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Two hundred fifty-seven nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacterial isolates were collected in a Brazilian community from January 2000 to May 2005 to determine the prevalence of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The blaCTX-M genetic environment was determined by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Eleven isolates (4.2%) harbored a blaCTX-M-2 gene, 3 isolates blaCTX-M-9, 2 isolates blaCTX-M-8, and 6 isolates blaSHV-5. Two novel blaCTX-M-2 variants, namely, blaCTX-M-74 and blaCTX-M-75, were identified. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Luciene A.R. Minarini, Laurent Poirel, Nathalia A.C. Trevisani, Ana Lucia C. Darini, Patrice Nordmann Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Change in the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in TaiwanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A multiresistant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone (sequence type 59) established itself as a significant cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections soon after emergence in the communities. Multiresistance might be one of the characteristics that could have contributed to its quick adaptation to hospital environments. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chih-Jung Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh, Lin-Hui Su, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Tzou-Yien Lin, Yhu-Chering Huang Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

In vitro activity of daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates associated with skin and soft tissue infections: first results from IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The in vitro activity of daptomycin and selected comparator agents against Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) isolates recovered from hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infection's was evaluated by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. Daptomycin was the most active agent against both S. aureus (MIC90, 1 μg/mL; 100% susceptible) and VREF (MIC90, 4 μg/mL; 100% susceptible), making it an excellent therapeutic option. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Benu Dhawan, Ravisekhar Gadepalli, Arti Kapil Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Comparison between pp65 antigenemia assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of active cytomegalovirus infection in routine diagnosticsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pp65 antigenemia assay for the detection of active cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients experiencing neutropenia after bone marrow or kidney transplantation have been compared with a special focus on evaluability and embedment in daily routine diagnostics. Investigating 334 specimens from 97 patients, real-time PCR was shown to be the superior assay with regard to the parameters focused on. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Raimond Lugert, Utz Reichard, Frank T. Hufert, Uwe Groß Tags: Notes Source Type: journals

Selection of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in postneurosurgical meningitis in an intensive care unit with high presence of heteroresistance to colistinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has been reported, but the clinical impact and the antimicrobial treatment have not been established yet. We observed the selection intratreatment with colistin of Ab colistin-resistant strains from a colistin-heteroresistant isolate in one patient with postneurosurgical meningitis. The presence and the genetic relationship of heteroresistant Ab isolates from intensive care units (ICUs) obtained in the same period of the case report were analyzed. Twenty-eight isolates from patients admitted to the ICUs of an Argentinian university hospital during June to ...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rodriguez Carlos Hernan, Bombicino Karina, Granados Gabriela, Nastro Marcela, Vay Carlos, Famiglietti Angela Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Infective endocarditis and osteomyelitis caused by Cellulomonas: a case report and review of the literatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Cellulomonas and complicated with osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine in a 78-year-old woman. General weakness and aggravated lower back pain followed by sudden-onset of fever and chills were the major presentation. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis in this case was definitely using the Duke criteria. The magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed infective spondylodisciitis at an early stage. After a full course of antibiotics treatment, the patient's fever subsided but her lower back pain persisted. A slow clinical response to appropriate antimicrobial a...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ping-Chang Lai, Yao-Shen Chen, Susan Shin-Jung Lee Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Clinical failure of vancomycin in a dialysis patient with methicillin-susceptible vancomycin-heteroresistant S. aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a patient who failed vancomycin due to a vancomycin-heteroresistant strain lacking methicillin resistance. Although initial isolates were susceptible, isolates obtained after vancomycin chemotherapy were vancomycin heteroresistant. This case thus illustrates the clinical emergence of vancomycin heteroresistance. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dahlene N. Fusco, Elizabeth L. Alexander, Scott A. Weisenberg, Jose R. Mediavilla, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Audrey N. Schuetz, Stephen G. Jenkins, Kyu Y. Rhee Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Cost analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing comparing the E test and the agar dilution method in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coliEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although numerous reports have compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp., controversy still exists about the use of the E test as an alternative to the agar dilution method suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. MICs of 8 antimicrobials were determined using the E test and agar dilution methods for 103 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from fresh chicken randomly purchased from stores in 3 southern Ontario counties. Overall, 72.6% of E test MIC values were within 1 log2 dilution and 95.7% within 2 log2 dilutions of the corresponding agar dilution MIC...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alfonso Valdivieso-García, Ryan Imgrund, Anne Deckert, Betsy Marie Varughese, Kathleen Harris, Natalie Bunimov, Richard Reid-Smith, Scott McEwen Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Combination of IMP-4 metallo-β-lactamase production and porin deficiency causes carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study shows for the first time the mechanism of carbapenem resistance of a Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolate ZC101 recovered from a Zhejiang University Hospital in Hangzhou, China. MIC values of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem for K. oxytoca ZC101 were 16, 16, and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Conjugation experiments demonstrated the transferability of a resistance determinant from K. oxytoca ZC101 to Escherichia coli EC600. Results from isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reactions, and DNA sequencing confirmed that K. oxytoca ZC101 produced IMP-4 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum β-lact...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Li-rong Chen, Hong-wei Zhou, Jia-chang Cai, Rong Zhang, Gong-xiang Chen Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from US medical centers: results of the Daptomycin Surveillance Program (2007–2008)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Gram-positive bacterial strains (12 443) consecutively collected during 2007 to 2008 in hospitals located in the United States were tested by reference broth microdilution methods against daptomycin and comparison agents. Methicillin (oxacillin) resistance rates were 55.9% and 74.0% for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively, and the vancomycin resistance rate among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 5.4% and 75.4%, respectively. Daptomycin was very active against all Gram-positive species with MIC90 values of 0.5, 0.25, 0.5, and 2 μg/mL for staphylococci, β-...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Helio S. Sader, Ronald N. Jones Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals

A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of California serogroup and Cache Valley virusesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A duplex TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of California (CAL) serogroup viruses and Cache Valley virus (CVV), for use in human surveillance. The targets selected for the assay were the sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein of CAL and the G1 glycoprotein of CVV. Conserved regions were selected by aligning genetic sequences from various strains available in the GenBank database. Primers and probes were selected in conserved regions. The assay sensitivity was 75 gene copies (gc)/reaction for CAL serogroup viruses and 30 gc/reaction for...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Heng Wang, Seela Nattanmai, Laura D. Kramer, Kristen A. Bernard, Norma P. Tavakoli Tags: Virology Source Type: journals

Development and evaluation of antigen capture ELISA for early clinical diagnosis of chikungunyaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The resurgence of chikungunya (CHIK) in the form of unprecedented explosive epidemic after a gap of 3 decades in India and Indian Ocean islands is a point of major public health concern. The laboratory diagnosis is essentially based on virus isolation, IgM ELISA, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Although PCR-based methods are used for early and accurate diagnosis, the high cost of the assay and requirement of thermal cycler limit its application only to referral laboratories. The antibody-based IgM ELISA is found to be cost-effective, but it takes 5 to 6 days for the patient to develo...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jyoti Shukla, Mohsin Khan, Mugdha Tiwari, Santhosh Sannarangaiah, Shashi Sharma, Putcha Venkata Lakshmana Rao, Manmohan Parida Tags: Virology Source Type: journals

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of carumonam in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Our objectives were to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of carumonam, a monobactam, between cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy volunteers and assess its pharmacodynamic profile. We studied 10 adult CF patients and 18 healthy volunteers of similar body size (dose: 2.166 g of carumonam as 15-min intravenous infusion). High performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used for drug analysis and NONMEM® (ICON, Ellicot City, MD) for population PK and Monte Carlo simulation with targets between ≥20% and 100% free time above MIC (fT > MIC). Unscaled renal clearance was 24% higher...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jürgen B. Bulitta, Stephen B. Duffull, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer, Martina Kinzig, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Ulrich Stephan, George L. Drusano, Fritz Sörgel Tags: Pharmacology Source Type: journals

Exposure–response analyses of tigecycline tolerability in healthy subjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Tigecycline exposure (area under the concentration–time curve [AUC(0-∞)] and maximum serum concentration [Cmax]) and first occurrence of nausea and vomiting were evaluated in 136 healthy subjects after 12.5- to 300-mg single doses. Nausea was more frequent in females (46%, 10/22) compared with males (31%, 11/36) after 100-mg doses. Most nausea (vomiting) events occurred ≤4 h ( Cmax) to tigecycline results in an increased rate of nausea (P ≤ .0001; = .0022) and vomiting (P ≤ .0001; = .0006). At the median AUC(0–∞) (Cmax) for the 50-mg dose group, the probability of nausea and vomiting was 0.26 (0.29)...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Julie Passarell, Elizabeth Ludwig, Kathryn Liolios, Alison K. Meagher, Thaddeus H. Grasela, Timothy Babinchak, Evelyn J. Ellis-Grosse Tags: Pharmacology Source Type: journals

The Staphylococcus aureus lineage-specific markers collagen adhesin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 distinguish multilocus sequence typing clonal complexes within spa clonal complexesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Spa typing/based upon repeat pattern (BURP) sometimes cannot differentiate multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complexes (CCs) within spa-CCs. It has been observed previously that virulence factors, such as collagen adhesin (CNA) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), are associated with certain Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Analysis of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus by spa typing/BURP and detection of CNA and TSST-1 observed an association between CNA and MLST CC1, 12, 22, 30, 45, 51, and 239 and between TSST-1 and MLST CC30. In spa-CC 012, associated with MLST CC7, CC15, an...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ruud H. Deurenberg, Michelle I.A. Rijnders, Silvie Sebastian, Maaike A. Welling, Patrick S. Beisser, Ellen E. Stobberingh Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Evaluation of the Copan ESwab transport system for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a laboratory and clinical studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the ESwab may contribute to improve the quality of a MRSA screening protocol. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Annick Smismans, Jan Verhaegen, Annette Schuermans, Johan Frans Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Cutoff values for bacteria and leukocytes for urine flow cytometer Sysmex UF-1000i in urinary tract infectionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Because urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a quite common disease, the gold standard for diagnosing UTIs is still bacterial culture, although a large percentage of samples are negative: unnecessary cultures can be reduced by means of an effective screening test. The analytic performance of a new urine cytometer, the UF-1000i, has been tested on 1463 urine samples submitted to our laboratory for culture. Bacteria and leukocyte counts have been compared by means of the UF-1000i with colony-forming unit (CFU) quantification on citrate lactose electrolytes deficient agar to assess the best cutoff values. By using qu...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fabio Manoni, Lucia Fornasiero, Mauro Ercolin, Agostino Tinello, Melissa Ferrian, Paolo Hoffer, Sara Valverde, Gianluca Gessoni Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Performance characteristics of the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for Brucella IgG and IgMEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Brucella IgG and IgM ELISA kits manufactured by Euroimmun (Lubeck, Germany) were evaluated in a reference laboratory setting. Intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) values were ≤10% for positive sera and ≤12% for negative sera; interassay CVs were ≤12% for positive sera and ≤20% for negative sera. The tube agglutination test (TAT) was performed on 51 sera exhibiting various ELISA reactivity profiles. All 18 sera negative for both IgG and IgM by ELISA were TAT negative (titer (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Harry E. Prince, Janice Lopez, Cindy Yeh, Joselita Tablante, Joseph Morgan, Beverly Kaneko, Paul Duffey Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Determination of new cutoff values for indirect immunofluorescence antibody test for Q fever diagnosis in DenmarkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Q fever is a ubiquitous zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The disease is emerging in many parts of the world, likely because of increased awareness and availability of better diagnostics. The diagnosis is primarily based on serology. Because the prevalence of the disease varies worldwide, the establishment of local cutoff values is needed. A baseline for antibodies against C. burnetii in Denmark was defined by testing sera from healthy Danish volunteers using a commercially available immunofluorescence antibody test. Cross-reactivity was studied on sera obtained from patients experiencing clinically related d...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Steen Villumsen, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Birgitte Smith, Søren Uldum, Peter Schiellerup, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Genetic profiles of Shiga toxin and intimin genes found in stool broth cultures: a 2-year reference laboratory studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are associated with potentially serious illness in humans. STEC detection is often based on the presence of Stxs, Stx1 and/or Stx2, and intimin, encoded by the eae gene. A 2-year collection of stool broth cultures was tested for variants of stx1, stx2, and eae. Approximately 80% (138 of 174) were positive for stx1 and/or stx2, with stx1 as the most prevalent (66%). Of the stx1 variants, stx1 was the most common (76%) followed by stx1c (22%). Analysis of stx2-positive isolates found 20 (53%) stx2, 13 (34%) stx2/stx2v-ha, 3 (8%) stx2v-ha, 1 (3%) stx2v-hb, and 1 (3...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pierre A. Michel, Julie A. Kase Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: journals

Emergence of multiresistant variants of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST1-SCCmecIV in 2 hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Usually, community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is susceptible to a variety of non–β-lactam drugs. These isolates commonly display SCCmecIV and are associated with community-acquired infections. More recently, CA-MRSA has been isolated from health-care–associated diseases. We characterized MRSA isolates from 2 hospitals in Rio de Janeiro area to assess the entry of new lineages. The isolates were primary genotyped using a combination of molecular typing methods including SCCmec, restriction modification test, and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) detection. Pulsed-field ge...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - September 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maria Cícera Silva-Carvalho, Raquel Regina Bonelli, Raquel Rodrigues Souza, Simone Moreira, Lia Cristina Galvão dos Santos, Magda de Souza Conceição, Silvio José de Mello Junior, Jupira Miron Carballido, Priscila Nobrega Rito, Verônica Viana Vieira, Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies Source Type: journals