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Evaluation of alternate parasite transport systems for the BD MAX ™ enteric parasite panel
Laboratory testing for diarrheal disease is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and yields a low number of positive results for the number of tests performed (Harrington et al., 2015). To decrease turn-around and hands-on time and to increase positivity rates, many laboratories are exploring molecular testing. Available molecular assays for diarrheal disease detect between 1 and 22 targets, and may include bacterial, viral and parasitic targets. These assays each require specific specimen transport systems including: Cary-Blair (CB) and fresh stool. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 12, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Barbara A. DeBurger, Sarah Hanna, Joel E. Mortensen Tags: Note Source Type: research

Determining the in vitro susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from eight cities in Guangdong Province through an improved microdilution method
A microdilution method for the antibiotic susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was established and improved, and the antibiotic resistance of N. gonorrhoeae samples isolated from eight cities of Guangdong in 2016 was determined. The improved microdilution method was compared with the agar dilution method recommend by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region by testing the susceptibility of 100 clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates. The essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), very major error (VME), major error (ME) and minor error (MIE) levels of the two methods were analyzed, the acceptable...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 12, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xingzhong Wu, Xiaolin Qin, Jinmei Huang, Feng Wang, Ming Li, Zhizhou Wu, Xiaofeng Liu, Junming Pei, Shanghua Wu, Heyong Chen, Yaohua Xue, Sanmei Tang, Mingheng Fang, Yinyuan Lan, Jiangli Ou, Zhenmou Xie, Yuqi Yu, Jieyi Yang, Wentao Chen, Yunhu Zhao, Hepin Source Type: research

Colistin/tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae in ICU
A matched 1:2 case –control study was conducted among critically ill patients in order to identify the risk factors of colistin or tigecycline-resistant carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ColR-Kp, TigR-Kp) bacteraemia. MIC to colistin and tigecycline were determined by Etest. From 224 bacteraemic patient s, 46.4% and 29.5% were resistant to colistin and tigecycline, respectively. PCR revealed that 199 isolates carried the blaKPC gene. PCR revealed that no isolate carried the mcr-1 gene. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 7, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, Christina Bartzavali, Aikaterini Spyropoulou, Anastasia Lambropoulou, Nektarios Sioulas, Sophia Vamvakopoulou, Georgios Karpetas, Iris Spiliopoulou, Theofanis Vrettos, Evangelos D. Anastassiou, Fotini Fligou, Myrto Chris Source Type: research

A conserved Leishmania hypothetical protein evaluated for the serodiagnosis of canine and human visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis, as well as a serological marker for the post-treatment patient follow-up
In the present study, a conserved Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyE, was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis. Results showed that it presented high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) to serologically identify visceral leishmaniasis (VL) dogs, when 40 positive sera and 95 cross-reactive samples were used. rLiHyE also showed the best results of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV to identify tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and VL patients, when 45 leishmaniasis patients' sera and 90 cross-reactive samples were used. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiolo...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 5, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patr ícia A.F. Ribeiro, Daniel S. Dias, Daniela P. Lage, Lourena E. Costa, Beatriz C.S. Salles, Bethina T. Steiner, Fernanda F. Ramos, Mariana P. Lima, Thaís T.O. Santos, Ana T. Chaves, Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli, Ricardo T. Fujiwara, Lílian L. Bueno, Source Type: research

Multicenter study establishing the clinical validity of a nucleic-acid amplification based assay for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
The present study sought to validate the clinical performance of a previously described PCR-based assay for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). A total of 1579 patients were enrolled in 5 locations; samples were classified as BV positive (n=538) or negative (n=1041) based on an algorithm utilizing quantitative Gram-stain analysis of vaginal discharge and clinical evaluation (Amsel criteria); a next generation sequencing (NGS) approach to determining diversity of vaginal microbiota was used to resolve discordant results between BV-PCR and Nugent/Amsel. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Charles P Cartwright, Amanda J. Pherson, Ayla B. Harris, Matthew S. Clancey, Melinda B. Nye Source Type: research

Comparison of clinical performance of commercial urine growth stabilization products
Urine specimens for quantitative culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection may be unreliable due to bacterial overgrowth within four hours after collection, at room temperature. Because specimen transportation may take longer than four hours, urine preservatives may reduce overgrowth. Further evidence is needed to support a recommendation for use of preservative and to compare preservative products. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Peter Daley, Yuvraj Gill, William Midodzi Source Type: research

Is Multiple Site Colonization with Candida spp. Related to Inadequate Response to Individualised Fluconazole Maintenance Therapy in Women with Recurrent Candida Vulvo-vaginitis?
Although most women on fluconazole maintenance therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis experience a substantial improvement in quality of life, some do not respond to therapy. Is candidal colonization of extragenital sites related to suboptimal response to maintenance therapy? (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gilbert GG Donders, Svitrigaile Grinceviciene, Gert Bellen, Kateryna Ruban Source Type: research

Depression of lymphocyte activity during cutaneous Leshmaniasis: A case report
Skin leishmaniasis includes lesions of different appearance, shape and severity, spanning from alarming diffuse lesions to an asymptomatic course. Moreover, aspecific presentation, as well as challenging differential diagnosis of cutaneous Leishmaniasis, may request more in-depth investigations on the intriguing and complex pathogenesis of such infection. A seven-year case of worsening cutaneous leishmaniasis in the left fronto-parietal region of the scalp, achieving omolateral eyebrow, in a 68 years old male patient, prompted us to address the immunity profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiol...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - June 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Giovanni Matera, Carlo Torti, Maria Mazzitelli, Giuseppe Greco, Antonella Rania, Cinzia Peronace, Pio Settembre, Luisa Galati, Aida Giancotti, Angelo G. Lamberti, Giorgio S. Barreca, Marco Rossi, Angela Quirino, Maria Carla Liberto, Alfredo Foc à Source Type: research

The impact of blood culture identification by MALDI-TOF MS on the antimicrobial Management of Pediatric Patients
To assess the impact of MALDI-TOF MS coupled with antimicrobial stewardship on clinical outcomes for pediatric inpatients with bloodstream infections. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 31, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sejal Makvana Bhavsar, Tanis C. Dingle, Camille L. Hamula Source Type: research

Norepinephrine augmented in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its suppression by silodosin (alpha blocker)
Norepinephrine is secreted under conditions of stress in humans. The ability of bacteria to sense mammalian hormone may have a role in propagation of infection. The present study investigated the effect of norepinephrine on in vitro growth of uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) and the effect of silodosin on norepinephrine-induced changes. The spot urine samples were collected from 56 individuals (14 diabetic patients with UTI, 14 diabetic without UTI, 14 non-diabetic UTI and 14 healthy volunteer controls) for the measurement of urinary norepinephrine concentrations. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 30, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dinesh Prasad Gond, Shivendra Singh, N.K. Agrawal Source Type: research

Identification of Malassezia species by MALDI-TOF MS after expansion of database
The taxonomy of Malassezia species is evolving with introduction of molecular techniques, and difficulty is faced to identify the species by phenotypic methods. Among 15 known Malassezia species, the present Bruker database could identify only 2 species. The present study was aimed to improve Matrix Associated Laser Desorption Ionization -Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based identification of Malassezia species. A total of 88 isolates (DNA sequencing confirmed) for database preparation and for the validation of database, 190 isolates confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Poly...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: P Honnavar, A K Ghosh, S Paul, S A Shankarnarayan, P Singh, S Dogra, A Chakrabarti, S M Rudramurthy Source Type: research

A New Dual-Targeting Real Time RT-PCR Assay for Hepatitis D Virus RNA Detection
In this study, a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR) assay targeting two genetic segments was established to detect HDV RNA. Utilizing the WHO International Standard for Hepatitis D Virus RNA, the lower limit of detection was 575 IU/ml, and the linearity of quantification ranged from 575000 IU/ml to 575 IU/ml. 384 HBsAg-positive samples collected from China were tested by this method and HDV antibody detection. Eleven samples were positive for anti-HDV IgG which may persist after HDV resolution, six samples were HDV RNA positive and five samples were positive for anti-HDV IgM. (Sour...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yan Wang, Jeffrey S. Glenn, Mark A. Winters, Li-ping Shen, Ingrid Choong, Ya-lun Shi, Sheng-li Bi, Li-ying Ma, Hui Zeng, Fu-jie Zhang Source Type: research

Norovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus among immunocompromised patients at a tertiary care research hospital
We estimated the prevalence of astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus among patients enrolled in research protocols and receiving medical care at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, a clinical research hospital with a large immunocompromised patient population. We identified patients whose fecal specimens were submitted to the Clinical Center for testing on the Biofire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel from Sept 15, 2015 through Nov 30, 2016. Among 442 patients with fecal specimens submitted for multiplex testing, 11% had norovirus identified, 2% had astrovirus, and 2% had sapovirus. (Sourc...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shelby Daniel-Wayman, Gary Fahle, Tara Palmore, Kim Y. Green, D. Rebecca Prevots Source Type: research

Evaluation of Apramycin activity against methicillin-resistant, methicillin-sensitive, and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
We evaluated the in vitro activity of apramycin against clinical strains of vancomycin-intermediate and methicillin-resistant and -suseptible Staphylococcus aureus. Apramycin demonstrated an MIC50/MIC90 of 8/16 μg/mL. No strains had an MIC above the epidemiological cutoff value of 32μg/mL, suggesting apramycin resistance mechanisms are rare in this strain population. The mounting evidence for broad-spectrum in vitro activity of apramycin against S. aureus and other bacterial species suggests that further exploration of apramycin or derivatives as repurposed human therapeutics is warranted. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiolog...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Katherine A. Truelson, Thea Brennan-Krohn, Kenneth P. Smith, James E. Kirby Source Type: research

Lack of correlation of ECV and outcome in an in vivo murine model of systemic fusariosis
The increase in recent years of disseminated infections by Fusarium among immunocompromised patients, has driven to consider fusariosis an emerging infectious disease (Nucci et al. 2014; Tortorano et al. 2014). Approximately 70 taxonomic species, distributed into seven complexes, have been associated to human infections being F. falciforme and F. keratoplasticum from the F. solani species complex and F. oxysporum species complex the commonest (Guarro 2013; Short et al. 2013; Al-hatmi, Meis, and Hoog 2016). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - May 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patricia Navarro-Rodr íguez, Marcela Guevara-Suarez, Katihuska Paredes, Adriana Celis, Josep Guarro, Javier Capilla Source Type: research