Mycobacterial Endocarditis, A Rare Form of Infective Endocarditis
Discov Med. 2024 Mar;36(182):437-447. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.41.ABSTRACTThis research project delves into the multifaceted dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) endocarditis, a significant yet uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis (TB). Beginning with an overview of M.tb and the global challenges posed by TB, we navigate through the bacterium's evolution, transmission modes, and the intricate host immune response. The pathology and pathophysiology of M.tb endocarditis are explored, emphasizing its complexities and the host's efforts to contain the pathogen. The study extends to atypical mycobacterial e...
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: John Dawi Scarlet Affa Abraham Chorbajian Yura Misakyan Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan Brandon Norris Jacob Ochsner Sonyeol Yoon Vishwanath Venketaraman Source Type: research
pH-Dependent Non-Covalent Release of Chemotherapy from Carriers
Discov Med. 2024 Mar;36(182):448-456. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.42.ABSTRACTAlthough Warburg discovered pH discrepancies between tumor and normal tissues nearly 100 years ago, developing therapies to take advantage of this concept was relatively slow for the first 70 years. During the last 30 years, there has been an exponential increase in the use of pH-dependent strategies for both low molecular weight drugs and nanoparticles. Two frequently discussed approaches are the chemotherapy's release from pH-sensitive covalent linkages of macromolecules or from pH-dependent disruption of charged polymeric nanoparticles. ...
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Qixin Leng Aishwarya Anand Archibald James Mixson Source Type: research
Recent Progress of Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Development of Superior Delivery of Vaccines
Discov Med. 2024 Mar;36(182):457-466. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.43.ABSTRACTChitosan seems to be an innovative biological material potentially utilized as a nanoparticle carrier for drug delivery, which could be low toxic, biocompatible, and easy to prepare. Chitosan nanoparticles have been employed in gene delivery. As a type of multifunctional adjuvant, chitosan nanoparticles could activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway to induce cell protection and/or proliferation via the modulation of autophagy within dendritic cells. In general, adjuvants may improve the innate and/or adaptive imm...
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Moeka Nakashima Naoko Suga Yuka Ikeda Sayuri Yoshikawa Satoru Matsuda Source Type: research
Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer
Discov Med. 2024 Mar;36(182):467-481. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.44.ABSTRACTEndometriosis is a medical condition affecting at least up to 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition occurs when ectopic endometrial glands and stroma implant outside the uterus and there are several theories regarding the underlying origins of the disease. Endometriosis is one of the major causes of severe dysmenorrhoea, chronic pelvic pain and infertility. While endometriosis is generally a non-malignant condition, it rarely may transform into an invasive cancer, and increase the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer, notably endom...
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Karl Livori Jean Calleja-Agius Source Type: research
Dental Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Review of Various Data Types
Discov Med. 2024 Mar;36(182):482-493. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.45.ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of dental artificial intelligence systems (DAIS), a new field known as "Data Dentistry", proposed by Schwendicke in 2021, has successfully bridged the gap between medicine and engineering. This literature review introduces advanced techniques in data collection, outlines the current state of DAIS in data processing, and anticipates the future of DAIS by emphasizing the importance of more extensive and enhanced datasets. The key findings include: Versatility of imaging data: Various types of imaging data, such as X...
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Ruoyan Zhang Haiwen Chen Yanning Ma Zuolin Jin Source Type: research
Mechanical Stretch-Induced ATP Release from Osteocytes Promotes Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
CONCLUSIONS: The stretch stimulation of Piezo1 induces calcium influx, which in turn promotes calcium-related TAZ nuclear translocation, changes in mitochondrial dynamics, and the release of ATP in osteocytes. This signaling cascade leads to an up-regulation in the osteogenic capacity of BM-MSCs. Mitochondrial energy metabolism of mechanosensitive protein Piezo1-dependent and ATP release may provide a new effective intervention method for mechanically related bone remodeling.PMID:38531790 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.46 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Yiwen Ru Hong Gu Lian Sun WeiBing Zhang Lin Wang Source Type: research
Melatonin's Protective Effects on Neurons in an < em > in Vitro < /em > Cell Injury Model
CONCLUSIONS: In the in vitro cell injury model, MT demonstrates the capacity to inhibit cellular oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress levels. Additionally, it diminishes mtDNA damage, fosters cell viability, and serves as a protective agent against both apoptosis and necrosis in neurons.PMID:38531791 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.47 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Wei Gu Mimi Wu Shihe Cui Jinhua Bo Hao Wu Source Type: research
Upregulated ATF1 Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammatory Response and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells by Regulating NF- κB Pathway
CONCLUSIONS: ATF1 emerges as a promising treatment option, inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs and mitigating the inflammatory response by preventing the phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.PMID:38531792 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.48 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Wei Guo Shuyun Yan Ge Zhao Source Type: research
Characterizing the Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy Plus Everolimus in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Harboring Altered PI3K/AKT/mTOR
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest both activity and safety for the combination of chemotherapy and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (CT+EVE) in patients with HER2- mBC who have alterations in the PI3K pathway, particularly those who have received fewer prior chemotherapy. However, it is crucial to note that large-scale, randomized control studies are warranted to more comprehensively characterize the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy.PMID:38531793 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.49 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Rong Wang Qiao-Yan Zhu Wei-Wu Ye Yuan Huang Zhan-Hong Chen Ya-Bing Zheng Xiao Zou Jian Wang Dan-Lu Jiang Xiao-Jia Wang Zheng-Yang Xu Wen-Ming Cao Source Type: research
Creation of an Atherosclerosis Model Using Palmitic Acid and Oleic Acid in the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Rats
CONCLUSIONS: A research model for atherosclerosis (AS) and the early stages of cardiovascular events, specifically lipid deposition, was successfully established through the use of OA and PA solutions. This model has the potential to open up new research avenues for gaining a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of AS.PMID:38531794 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.50 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Fan Zhang Guangping Li Xueyin Li Yi Zheng Wanting Du Bo Zhao Da Sun Source Type: research
Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of LncRNA < em > BLACAT1 < /em > in Hypopharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma
CONCLUSIONS: lncRNA BLACAT1 is highly expressed in HSCC tumor tissues and plays a crucial role in the development of HSCC in vitro and in vivo. This increased expression may be caused by STAT3/AKT pathway activation, consequently inhibiting P21 expression through PHB2.PMID:38531795 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.51 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Fan-Li Liu Zhan-Cheng Zhang Sheng-Li Zhou Xu-Liang Liu Wei Xu Source Type: research
DNA Methylation-Regulated HOXC8's Role in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Function and its Contribution to Herceptin Resistance
CONCLUSIONS: In HER2-positive breast cancer, the expression of HOXC8 is elevated in a manner dependent on DNA methylation, and this elevated expression is closely linked to the pathology of the patient. Interfering with HOXC8 expression demonstrates the potential to partially inhibit the development and spread of breast cancer, as well as to alleviate resistance to Herceptin.PMID:38531796 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.52 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Xiaofeng Xie Sijia Tang Zhengyang Yu Source Type: research
Knockdown of LINC01128 Downregulates FUT8 to Inhibit OxLDL-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis
CONCLUSION: The knockdown of LINC01128 downregulates FUT8, inhibiting the progression of VSMCs in AS.PMID:38531797 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.53 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Guozhen Ni Jian Xu Source Type: research
Phentolamine Protects against Apoptosis and Inflammation in a Neonatal Pneumonia Cell Model Induced by LPS by Regulating the TrkA/Akt Signaling Pathways
CONCLUSIONS: Phentolamine may protect LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation by activating the TrkA and Akt signaling pathways.PMID:38531798 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.54 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Qian Liu Shengwei Wu Zhenlin Chen Jin Cai Source Type: research
Application of Acoustic Radiation Force Pulse Imaging Technology in the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Calf Intermuscular Vein Thrombosis
CONCLUSION: ARFI plays a crucial role in assessing the efficacy of MCVT by effectively revealing the hardness and location of the patient's thrombus tissue. This technology aids doctors in gaining a more precise understanding of the deep vein thrombosis condition. Notably, ARFI is characterized by high safety levels and exhibits positive effects due to its painless and non-invasive nature.PMID:38531799 | DOI:10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.55 (Source: Discovery Medicine)
Source: Discovery Medicine - March 26, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Chengfang Wang Yijia Zhou Ruhui Ruan Source Type: research
