Endogenous nature of estra ‐4,9‐diene‐3,17‐dione in entire male horses
This paper describes the detection of endogenous dienedione in entire male horses and investigates the possible conjugation of dienedione by UPLC –MS/MS. A population study of free and glucuronide-conjugated dienedione is conducted. An in-house threshold of 30 ng/ml of free and glucuronide-conjugated dienedione in entire male horse urine samples was proposed with a risk factor of 1 in 14,269 (with a degree of freedom of 173, one outlier e xcluded by Grubb's test). AbstractEstra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione (dienedione) is an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) sold as a bodybuilding supplement. It is prohibited in both human and...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 27, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Helen S. M. Ho, Emmie N. M. Ho, Wing ‐Tak Wong Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

An LC ‐MS/MS method for the determination of drugs of abuse included THC‐COOH, EtG, and NPS, using a single hair extraction sample
A rapid method was developed involving a single 25 mg hair extraction procedure and fourLC-MS/MS methods using the same chromatographic phases and column, for the identification andquantification of commonly abused drugs and/or their metabolites, including amphetamines, cocaine,opioids, cannabinoids, THC-COOH and EtG, and new psychoactive substances as syntheticcannabinoids, phenethylamines, synthetic opioids, methylphenidate, cathinones, and tryptamines. AbstractHair analysis plays an important role in the determination of drugs of abuse in both forensic and clinical toxicology investigations. The analysis of different su...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 27, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Valentina Longo, Giulia Stocchero, Manuela Lucchiari, Giovanni Michele Marchio, Flora Donini, Francesco Ingenito, Lucia Bertoldi, Lucia Pecoraro, Adriano Anesi, Donata Favretto Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Simultaneous detection of testosterone, nandrolone, and boldenone esters in dried blood spots for doping control in sports by liquid chromatography –tandem mass spectrometry
A simultaneous analysis methodology for 28 steroid esters (13 testosterone, nine nandrolone, and six boldenone esters) was developed using three different dried blood spots (DBSs) collected on cellulose papers and polymer. Testosterone enanthate (100  mg) was administered intramuscularly to seven participants and detected in their DBS samples even after 216 h. AbstractTestosterone, nandrolone, and boldenone, which are listed as doping substances on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List, are mostly available commercially in esterified forms. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) represents a key tool for identif...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 24, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Asami Miyamoto, Masanori Ota, Mitsuhiko Sato, Masato Okano Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE ‐ RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Systematic web monitoring of drug test subversion strategies in the United States
This study highlights subversion strategies used by donors. Although little evidence was provided as to the effectiveness of these strategies, this information may help guide future studies and development of specimen validity testing to minimize the impact of drug test subversion attempts. (Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 23, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Megan Grabenauer, Svante Vikingsson, Richard A. Olson, Faith E. Lyons, Lisa S. Davis, Eugene D. Hayes, Ronald R. Flegel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Single hair analysis for gamma ‐hydroxybutyric acid—Method optimization, validation, and application
The development and validation of a method for micro-segmental single hair analysis for GHB is presented. The method was additionally applied on samples from non-users and persons with presumed GHB intake in the past. Concentrations were up to 55.2  pg GHB/segment, and concentration profiles from five single hairs were reproducible in each case. AbstractAs gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) underlies fast metabolization, its determination from hair may presumably offer a detection window superior to that of body fluids. Due to the wide range of endogenous concentration levels, the evidence of an exogenous ingestion is chall...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 22, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Christopher Wiedfeld, Gisela Skopp, Frank Musshoff Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Infant exposure to drugs of abuse investigated by hair analysis
A retrospective study was performed on hair analysis of children under 1 year of age. Based on the presence or absence of symptoms in the request for analysis, two groups of children were further identified. Cocaine was the most frequently detected substance, and it was detected less frequently in cases investigated for suspicious clinical symptom. The results confirmed the difficulties in interpreting the clinical picture and in defining the extent of exposure to drugs of abuse. AbstractInfant exposure to drugs of abuse represents a worldwide problem whose extent is difficult to estimate. Despite the potentially serious h...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 17, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cestonaro Clara, Terranova Claudio, Cinquetti Alessandro, Russo Alessia, Aprile Anna, Favretto Donata Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Performance ‐enhancing substances in sport: A scientometric review of 75 years of research
This study analyzes doping literature, identifying influential documents and research domains. While prevalent doping classes are well-studied, emerging trends like contaminated supplements receive less attention. Technological advancements drive sophisticated detection techniques. The study emphasizes the need for awareness campaigns among athletes. AbstractThe use of performance-enhancing substances not only undermines the core values of sports but also poses significant health risks to athletes. In a fast-evolving doping environment, where sport professionals are constantly seeking novel and illegal means to bypass dopi...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 16, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alessandro Carollo, Ornella Corazza, Maria Mantovani, Nicol ò Silvestrini, Olivier Rabin, Gianluca Esposito Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Synthesis, structural characterization, analytical profiling, and application to authentic samples of synthesized Phase I metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F ‐MDMB‐PICA
In this work, 18 reference standards were synthesized for 5F-MDMB-PICA and its possible Phase I metabolites. Their analytical differences were elucidated via NMR, FT-IR, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and LC –MS/MS. Ester hydrolyzedR17 was identified as a suitable urine biomarker by comparison with authentic samples. These findings contribute to the metabolite study and forensic detection of indole-type synthetic cannabinoids. Abstract5F-MDMB-PICA, an indole-type synthetic cannabinoid (SC), was classified illicit globally in 2020. Although the extensive metabolism of 5F-MDMB-PICA in the human body warrants the development of robust analy...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 16, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rui ‐Jia Chen, Zi‐hua Zhang, Shenglan Yang, Shu‐chen Yu, Jun‐chang Wang, Ping‐yong Liao, Ting‐ting Qiu, Lu Xiao, Shang Xue, Hong Chen, Wen‐bin Shao, Jian‐wen Hu, Yun Lan, Xi‐long Chen, Yue Xu, Tian‐meng Zhou, Xue‐jun Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Comprehensive analysis of vitamin D3 impurities in oily drug products using supercritical fluid chromatography –mass spectrometry
This study presents the development of a method for detecting and quantifying seven impurities of vitamin D3 in oily drug products using supercritical fluid chromatography –mass spectrometry (SFC-MS). Targeted impurities include two esters of vitamin D3 and five non-esters including four that are isobaric to vitamin D3. Firstly, a screening study highlighted the Torus 1-AA column and acetonitrile modifier as adequate for the separation, followed by optimization of the SFC conditions. Secondly, make-up solvent composition and MS settings were optimized to reach high sensitivity. For both the separation and MS response, th...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 14, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hugues Jambo, Amandine Dispas, Leticia P érez‐Mayán, Isaac Rodríguez, Éric Ziemons, Philippe Hubert Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE ‐ RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Interest of hair tests to discriminate a tail end of a doping regimen from a drug transfer between two individuals in case of challenging an anti ‐doping rule violation. IV. Case example with mesterolone
(Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 14, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pascal Kintz, Laurie Gheddar Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

Analysing and quantifying chronic stress ‐associated endogenous steroids in hair samples
This study presents the development and validation of a method for the analysis of steroids in hair samples. The method was fully validated for seven steroids, and one steroid (estradiol) can be semi-quantitative analysed. Ten representative samples from an explorative study on adolescents are included in the present study. AbstractIn previous studies, various steroids have been associated with stress and have therefore been quantified to investigate stress-related questions. Since the main stress-related steroid cortisol follows a circadian rhythm, often hair is analysed to quantify this steroid. Further, hair analysis gi...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 13, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Wassilis Kassis, C éline A. Favre, Dilan Aksoy, Stefan Gaugler Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cover Picture
(Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 11, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: COVER PICTURE Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 11, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research

Dried blood spots via remote testing as a possible future application in the doping control process
The use of DBS as biological matrix in combination with a novel technical remote testing app specifically developed for the doping control process shows that testing is becoming easier and variable through DBS. Supplemented by the remote testing solution, the system could significantly increase in the unpredictability of test dates and sample quantity. (Source: Drug Testing and Analysis)
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 10, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Stefan Trinks, Kristina Braun, Andrea Gotzmann, Eva Bunthoff, Dominic Mueser Tags: PERSPECTIVE Source Type: research

Metabolite markers for three synthetic tryptamines N ‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine, 4‐hydroxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine, and 5‐methoxy‐N‐ethyl‐N‐propyltryptamine
We characterized the major metabolites of the synthetic tryptamines EPT, 4-OH-EPT, and 5-MeO-EPT after incubation with pooled human liver microsomes. The usefulness of the discovered metabolites in forensic casework was demonstrated by identification of unique metabolites for 4-OH-EPT in a human postmortem blood sample with suspected EPT or 4-OH-EPT intoxication. AbstractN-Ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (EPT), 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (4-OH-EPT), and 5-methoxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (5-MeO-EPT) are new psychoactive substances classified as tryptamines, sold online. Many tryptamines metabolize rapidly, and identif...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - March 9, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Marianne Skov ‐Skov Bergh, Inger Lise Bogen, Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Marilyn A. Huestis, Åse Marit Leere Øiestad Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research