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Action on Addiction takes action to disarm addiction to see that people are free from addiction and its effects. Their approach to this mission is multi-dimensional and covers everything from prevention to recovery.

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Naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence among African Americans: Results from the COMBINE StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: These analyses of the COMBINE Study were designed to examine the effects of naltrexone among African Americans during the course of the 16-week treatment. Participants (total n=100; 70% male) who received naltrexone during the 16-week treatment trial (n=51) were compared to those who received placebo (n=49), controlling for acamprosate and behavioral intervention. Results did not support the efficacy of naltrexone on percent days abstinent, time to first heavy drinking day, and global clinical outcome in this subsample of African Americans. These results suggest that further work is needed to test naltrexone, as ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Lara A. Ray, David W. Oslin Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

The CB1 antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) blocks cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking and other context and extinction phenomena predictive of relapseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cannabinoid CB1 antagonists decrease self-administration of palatable food and several abused drugs in animals and modulate extinction of conditioned fear responses. Less is known, however, about whether and how CB1 antagonists might modulate the extinction of appetitive behavior. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) during extinction of responding maintained either by cocaine or by palatable foods (corn oil or Ensure), as well as responding elicited by stimulus cues that had been paired with the presentation of cocaine (i.e., cue-induced reinstatement) o...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sara Jane Ward, Marisa Rosenberg, Linda A. Dykstra, Ellen A. Walker Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

A randomized trial of contingency management for adolescent marijuana abuse and dependenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: An initial efficacy test of an innovative behavioral outpatient treatment model for adolescents with problematic use of marijuana enrolled 69 adolescents, aged 14–18, and randomly assigned them to one of two treatment conditions. Both conditions received individualized Motivational Enhancement and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MET/CBT) and a twice-weekly drug-testing program. The experimental contingency management condition involved a clinic-delivered, abstinence-based incentive program, and weekly behavioral parent training sessions that included a parent-delivered, abstinence-based, substance monitoring cont...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Catherine Stanger, Alan J. Budney, Jody L. Kamon, Jeff Thostensen Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetic interactions between buprenorphine/naloxone and tipranavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative subjects chronically receiving buprenorphine/naloxoneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence often require opioid replacement therapy. Pharmacokinetic interactions between HIV therapy and opioid dependence treatment medications can occur.HIV-seronegative subjects stabilized on at least 3 weeks of buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NLX) therapy sequentially underwent baseline and steady-state pharmacokinetic evaluation of open-label, twice daily tipranavir 500mg co-administered with ritonavir 200mg (TPV/r).Twelve subjects were enrolled and 10 completed the study. Prior to starting TPV/r, the geometric mean BUP AUC0–24h and Cmax were 43.9ngh/mL and 5.61ng/mL, respect...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: R. Douglas Bruce, Frederick L. Altice, David E. Moody, Shen-Nan Lin, Wenfang B. Fang, John P. Sabo, Jan M. Wruck, Peter J. Piliero, Carolyn Conner, Laurie Andrews, Gerald H. Friedland Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Non-treatment laboratory stress- and cue-reactivity studies are associated with decreased substance use among drug-dependent individualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Stress and cue exposure paradigms were associated with a decreased odds of drug use following participation. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Stacia M. DeSantis, Dipankar Bandyopadhyay, Sudie E. Back, Kathleen T. Brady Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Brief intervention in general hospital for problematic prescription drug use: 12-Month outcomeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In contrast to the short-term effects after 3 months, no long-term effects of brief MI sessions on PD use were found. More intensive interventions, booster-sessions or regular aftercare might help in stabilizing intervention effects on PD use among hospital patients. However, studies using larger samples are needed to allow more powerful and specific analyses. Different samples should be examined. Problems concerning the recruitment of study participants in PD research were discussed and should be considered in further studies. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Christiane Otto, Brit Crackau, Ira Löhrmann, Anne Zahradnik, Gallus Bischof, Ulrich John, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Serosorting for hepatitis C status in the sharing of injection equipment among Seattle area injection drug usersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We conclude that a measurable degree of serosorting by HCV status is occurring among Seattle area IDU. Promotion of serosorting among HCV-positive IDU may be a useful harm reduction strategy for IDU who continue to practice sharing injection equipment. If judged efficacious, serosorting would provide a further rationale to encourage and support HCV testing among IDU. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Richard D. Burt, Hanne Thiede, Holly Hagan Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Exploring the relationship between perceived inter-dose opioid withdrawal and patient characteristics in methadone maintenance treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Despite clinical optimization of methadone doses, as many as 53% of patients experience significant and unacceptable levels inter-dose opioid withdrawal some of the time. Little is known about the relationship between perceived inter-dose opioid withdrawal and patient characteristics in methadone maintenance treatment.Methods: Ninety stabilized MMT patients were recruited and divided into three satisfaction groups (holders (H), partial holders (PH), and nonholders (NH)) based on their perceived opioid withdrawal as assessed by a guided self-report process. A battery of subjective assessments was admin...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Alex K. Elkader, Bruna Brands, Russell Callaghan, Beth A. Sproule Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

HPA axis response to psychological stress and treatment retention in residential substance abuse treatment: A prospective studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Results indicate that a higher salivary cortisol level in response to stress is associated with an inability to remain in substance abuse treatment. These findings are the first to document a biological marker of stress as a predictor of substance abuse treatment dropout, and support the development and implementation of treatments targeting this vulnerability. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Stacey B. Daughters, Jessica M. Richards, Stephanie M. Gorka, Rajita Sinha Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Substance use among non-fatally injured patients attended at emergency departments in SpainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Aims: To describe the prevalence of recent use of alcohol, medication, and illegal drugs among patients who attended emergency departments (EDs) as a result of suffering an injury due to any external mechanism and to identify factors associated with alcohol and drug use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight university hospitals in Spain. Participants were adult patients admitted to a trauma ED. Oral fluid was used to test for psychoactive substances analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Socio-demographic data and information on circumstances of the injury were collected through int...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Katherine Pérez, Elena Santamariña-Rubio, Alicia Rodríguez-Martos, Ma Teresa Brugal, Isabel Ricart, Josep María Suelves, Rafael de la Torre, Mitona Pujadas, Carles Ariza, Elia Díez, Manel Nebot, Pilar Ramos, Vicençs Martinez Beneyto, Antoni Plasènc Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Impact of Canadian federal methamphetamine precursor and essential chemical regulations on methamphetamine-related acute-care hospital admissionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study indicates that Canada's regulations were not associated with reductions in methamphetamine-related hospital admissions. The January 2003 regulation's focus on imports/exports rather than domestic distribution may help explain its lack of impact. In contrast, the two other regulations had salient domestic foci – domestic precursor sales (July 2003) and domestic essential chemical manufacturing (January 2004). Both regulations, however, were associated with increases in admissions, rather than declines. Government reports indicate that a shift in methamphetamine production, from smaller-scale operat...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Russell C. Callaghan, James K. Cunningham, J. Charles Victor, Lon-Mu Liu Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

An IRT-based measure of alcohol trait severity and the role of traitedness in trait validity: A reanalysis of Project MATCH dataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined dependence severity as a latent trait hypothesized to have a characteristic developmental progression using Item Response Theory (IRT), and examined the implications of this approach to severity scaling in the Project MATCH data. The IRT-derived empirical continuum corresponded to an earlier theoretical model of the developmental course of alcoholism, demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, and incremented other severity markers in predicting Alcoholics Anonymous involvement, social functioning, and readiness of change. However, it did not predict treatment outcomes or other validating variables more...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Leslie C. Morey, Christopher J. Hopwood Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 19, 2009 Category: Addiction Source Type: journals

Exploring the role of consumer participation in drug treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Despite recognition of the benefits of involving consumers in their own treatment, there is little research on consumer participation in drug treatment. This paper focuses on clients who use illicit substances and the role of consumer participation in their self-reported satisfaction with their drug treatment and sense of goal achievement in that treatment. As part of a secondary analysis, the data from 492 participants who had previously or who were currently engaged in drug treatment were analysed to assess the importance of consumer participation in drug treatment. Participants who had a history of opiate or p...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Loren Brener, Ilyse Resnick, Jeanne Ellard, Carla Treloar, Joanne Bryant Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Increased drinking in a trial of treatments for marijuana dependence: Substance substitution?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report examines whether participants in a study of treatments for marijuana dependence may have increased their use of alcohol when they reduced or ceased marijuana use. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four psychosocial treatments and followed at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Findings are from 207 cases with data at posttreatment and at least one other follow-up. 73% of cases reported an increase of at least 10% in drinking days over their level at intake, and 65% reported an increase of at least 10% in drinks per drinking day. Drinking increases were not related to treatment condition nor to change in m...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ronald M. Kadden, Mark D. Litt, Elise Kabela-Cormier, Nancy M. Petry Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Validity of the timeline followback among treatment-seeking smokers in GermanyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study replicated and extended the current literature on the TLFB and showed that, even across cultures, it can be a valid measure of various smoking-related variables. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Susan E. Collins, Sandra Eck, Iris Torchalla, Martina Schröter, Anil Batra Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Risk behaviors after hepatitis C virus seroconversion in young injection drug users in San FranciscoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study prospectively examined young injection drug users (IDU) to determine if behaviors changed after they were made aware of HCV seroconversion.Methods: We estimated the effects of HCV seroconversion coupled with post-test counseling on risk behaviors (alcohol use, non-injection and injection drug use, lending and sharing injecting equipment, and having sex without a condom) and depression symptoms using conditional logistic regression, fitting odds-ratios for immediately after disclosure and 6 and 12 months later, and adjusting for secular effects.Results: 112 participants met inclusion criteria, i.e. they were docu...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Judith I. Tsui, Eric Vittinghoff, Judith A. Hahn, Jennifer L. Evans, Peter J. Davidson, Kimberly Page Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Concurrent validation of the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) and single-item indices against the Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) opioid withdrawal instrumentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Introduction: The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item clinician-administered scale assessing opioid withdrawal. Though commonly used in clinical practice, it has not been systematically validated. The present study validated the COWS in comparison to the validated Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) scale.Method: Opioid-dependent volunteers were enrolled in a residential trial and stabilized on morphine 30mg given subcutaneously four times daily. Subjects then underwent double-blind, randomized challenges of intramuscularly administered placebo and naloxone (0.4mg) on separate days, du...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: D. Andrew Tompkins, George E. Bigelow, Joseph A. Harrison, Rolley E. Johnson, Paul J. Fudala, Eric C. Strain Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Altered affective response in marijuana smokers: An FMRI studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: More than 94 million Americans have tried marijuana, and it remains the most widely used illicit drug in the nation. Investigations of the cognitive effects of marijuana report alterations in brain function during tasks requiring executive control, including inhibition and decision-making. Endogenous cannabinoids regulate a variety of emotional responses, including anxiety, mood control, and aggression; nevertheless, little is known about smokers’ responses to affective stimuli. The anterior cingulate and amygdala play key roles in the inhibition of impulsive behavior and affective regulation, and studies using...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Staci A. Gruber, Jadwiga Rogowska, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

A placebo-controlled trial of buspirone for the treatment of marijuana dependenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study investigated the potential efficacy of buspirone for treating marijuana dependence. Participants received either buspirone (maximum 60mg/day) (n=23) or matching placebo (n=27) for 12 weeks, each in conjunction with motivational interviewing. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the percentage of negative UDS results in the buspirone-treatment group was 18 percentage points higher than the placebo-treatment group (95% CI: −2% to 37%, p=0.071). On self-report, participants receiving buspirone reported not using marijuana 45.2% of days and participants receiving placebo reported not using...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Aimee L. McRae-Clark, Rickey E. Carter, Therese K. Killeen, Matthew J. Carpenter, Amy E. Wahlquist, Stacey A. Simpson, Kathleen T. Brady Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Betel nut chewing during pregnancy, Madang province, Papua New GuineaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Introduction: In Papua New Guinea, betel nut chewing is very common in the general population and in pregnant women. It has similarities in terms of use and complications of use to chewing tobacco (=smokeless tobacco), as its active agent, arecoline is similar to nicotine. The present study investigates the habits of betel nut chewing and possible impact on pregnancy.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey 310 pregnant women attending Alexishafen Health Centre (Madang Province) were interviewed with a survey measuring: detailed demographic data, betel nut chewing habits, other potential addictions (smoking, alcohol ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: M. Senn, F. Baiwog, J. Winmai, I. Mueller, S. Rogerson, N. Senn Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

What are the needs of alcohol dependent patients with a history of sexual violence? A case-register study in a metropolitan regionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that an effort needs to be made to link addiction treatment, other parts of the health care system, and further institutions, such as family services and parts of the legal system, so that the complex needs of this vulnerable population can be met in an adequate way. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ingo Schäfer, Uwe Verthein, Harald Oechsler, Christiane Deneke, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Marcus Martens Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Growth in alcohol use in at-risk adolescent boys: Two-part random effects prediction modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Alcohol use by members of the adolescent's social network is critical to initiation of use, and peer use is critical to growth. With these predictors specific to alcohol use in the model, none of the general risk factors for antisocial behavior were significant. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Deborah M. Capaldi, Mike Stoolmiller, Hyoun K. Kim, Karen Yoerger Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Response disinhibition evoked by the administration of nicotine and nicotine-associated contextual cuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Nicotine causes dose-dependent alterations in accuracy on the differential-reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) 29.5-s schedule in rats. The current investigation evaluated whether nicotine-associated contextual cues can produce nicotine-like perturbations in DRL-schedule performance in the absence of nicotine. Nicotine and saline administrations occurred just prior to DRL 29.5-s schedule responding for sucrose solution, and two different experimental contexts (differentiated by visual, olfactory, and tactile cues) were utilized. All subjects (N=16) experienced two consecutive sessions of DRL-schedule respo...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ari P. Kirshenbaum, Matthew W. Johnson, Sarah L. Schwarz, Eric R. Jackson Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Behavioral assessment of impulsivity in pathological gamblers with and without substance use disorder histories versus healthy controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Pathological gamblers (PGs) may have high levels of impulsivity, and a correlation between substance use disorders (SUDs) and impulsivity is well established. However, only a handful of studies have attempted to assess impulsivity and other impulse-spectrum traits (e.g., sensation seeking) using a variety of behavioral and self-report measures in PGs and few examined the independent impact of SUDs. We compared 30 PGs without SUD histories, 31 PGs with SUD histories and 40 control participants on self-reported impulsivity, delayed discounting, attention/memory, response inhibition, risk taking, sensation seeking a...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: David M. Ledgerwood, Sheila M. Alessi, Natalie Phoenix, Nancy M. Petry Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Methadone and buprenorphine prescribing and referral practices in US prison systems: Results from a Nationwide SurveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Despite demonstrated social, medical, and economic benefits of providing ORT to inmates during incarceration and linkage to ORT upon release, many prison systems nationwide still do not offer pharmacological treatment for opiate addiction or referrals for ORT upon release. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Amy Nunn, Nickolas Zaller, Samuel Dickman, Catherine Trimbur, Ank Nijhawan, Josiah D. Rich Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Subjective effects to cannabis are associated with use, abuse and dependence after adjusting for genetic and environmental influencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Subjective reactions to cannabis use are associated with use to heavy use, abuse and dependence in adolescents and young adults. This association exists above and beyond the genetic vulnerability for problem cannabis use. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Jeffrey F. Scherrer, Julia D. Grant, Alexis E. Duncan, Carolyn E. Sartor, Jon R. Haber, Theodore Jacob, Kathleen K. Bucholz Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Correlates of later-onset cannabis use in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Religious and pro-social activities are negatively associated with late-onset cannabis onset while divorce and alcohol and nicotine-related problems are positively associated with later onset. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Arpana Agrawal, Michael T. Lynskey Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Drunker than intended: Misperceptions and information treatmentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our study warrants further studies to see if simulator training, analogies, and rules of thumb can help juveniles not to overshoot intended BAC in real drinking situations. It also implies a modification of the ‘folk wisdom’ of not drinking on an empty stomach. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Erling Moxnes, Lene Jensen Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

An Internet-based abstinence reinforcement smoking cessation intervention in rural smokersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study determined the effectiveness of an Internet-based abstinence reinforcement intervention in initiating and maintaining smoking abstinence in rural smokers. Sixty-eight smokers were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based smoking cessation program. During the 6-week intervention period, all participants were asked to record 2 videos of breath carbon monoxide (CO) samples daily. Participants also typed the value of their CO readings into web-based software that provided feedback and reinforcement based on their smoking status. Participants (n=35) in the Abstinence Contingent (AC) group received monet...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: William W. Stoops, Jesse Dallery, Nell M. Fields, Paul A. Nuzzo, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Catherine A. Martin, Baretta Casey, Conrad J. Wong Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Predicting adherence to treatment for methamphetamine dependence from neuropsychological and drug use variablesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although some individuals who abuse methamphetamine have considerable cognitive deficits, no prior studies have examined whether neurocognitive functioning is associated with outcome of treatment for methamphetamine dependence. In an outpatient clinical trial of bupropion combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management (Shoptaw, S., Heinzerling, K.G., Rotheram-Fuller, E., Steward, T., Wang, J., Swanson, A.N., De La Garza, R., Newton, T., Ling, W., 2008. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bupropion for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 96, 222-232.), 60 met...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Andy C. Dean, Edythe D. London, Catherine A. Sugar, Christina M.R. Kitchen, Aimee-Noelle Swanson, Keith G. Heinzerling, Ari D. Kalechstein, Steven Shoptaw Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Evaluation of prevalent phytocannabinoids in the acetic acid model of visceral nociceptionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Considerable preclinical research has demonstrated the efficacy of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, in a wide variety of animal models of pain, but few studies have examined other phytocannabinoids. Indeed, other plant-derived cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabichromene (CBC) elicit antinociceptive effects in some assays. In contrast, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), another component of cannabis, antagonizes the pharmacological effects of Δ9-THC. These results suggest that various constituents of this plant may intera...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Lamont Booker, Pattipati S. Naidu, Raj K. Razdan, Anu Mahadevan, Aron H. Lichtman Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Effects of topiramate or naltrexone on tobacco use among male alcohol-dependent outpatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims at comparing smoking and non-smoking alcoholics in terms of treatment outcomes and verifying the efficacy of topiramate and naltrexone to decrease the use of cigarettes among alcoholic smokers.Methods: The investigation was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week study carried out at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample comprised 155 male alcohol-dependent outpatients (52 non-smokers and 103 smokers), 18–60 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis of alcohol dependence. After a 1-week detoxification period, the patients randomly received placebo, na...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Danilo Antonio Baltieri, Fabio Ruiz Daró, Philip Leite Ribeiro, Arthur Guerra de Andrade Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Extended urinary Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol excretion in chronic cannabis users precludes use as a biomarker of new drug exposureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: For the first time, extended urinary excretion of THC and 11-OH-THC is documented for at least 24 days, negating their effectiveness as biomarkers of recent cannabis exposure, and substantiating long terminal elimination times for urinary cannabinoids following chronic cannabis smoking. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ross H. Lowe, Tsadik T. Abraham, William D. Darwin, Ronald Herning, Jean Lud Cadet, Marilyn A. Huestis Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

The social context of homeless women's alcohol and drug useEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of structural solutions in addressing homeless women's alcohol and drug use, including greater access to treatment and recovery support for alcohol and drug problems as well as depression, and enhancing employment and educational opportunities for homeless women. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Suzanne L. Wenzel, Harold D. Green, Joan S. Tucker, Daniela Golinelli, David P. Kennedy, Gery Ryan, Annie Zhou Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Mortality among clients of a state-wide opioid pharmacotherapy program over 20 years: Risk factors and lives savedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Mortality among treatment-seeking opioid-dependent persons is dynamic across time, patient and treatment variables. The comparative reduction in mortality during buprenorphine induction may be offset by the increased risk of longer out-of-treatment time periods. Despite periods of elevated risk, this large-scale provision of pharmacotherapy is estimated to have resulted in significant reductions in mortality. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Louisa Degenhardt, Deborah Randall, Wayne Hall, Matthew Law, Tony Butler, Lucy Burns Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Mortality among amphetamine users: A systematic review of cohort studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Given the widespread use of amphetamines, the known non-fatal adverse effects of use and the mortality rates reported here, cohort studies investigating the morbidity and mortality associated with such drug use should be a research priority. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Jessica Singleton, Louisa Degenhardt, Wayne Hall, Tomas Zabransky Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - September 14, 2009 Category: Addiction Source Type: journals

Erratum to “Blood alcohol concentrations among bar patrons: A multi-level study of drinking behavior” [Drug Alcohol Depend. 102 (2009) 1–3]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We regret that typographical errors existed in of the published paper. In , for the variable reporting “continued drinking,” the reported percentages were inverted. The table should read that 39.90% reported intention to continue drinking and 60.10% did not report this intention. The percentage for this variable is correctly reported in the text of the paper. In , an incorrect footer with model fit statistics was published. The revised table data does not change the text of the published paper. The corrected tables are supplied below. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: John D. Clapp, Mark B. Reed, Jong W. Min, Audrey M. Shillington, Julie M. Croff, Megan R. Holmes, Ryan S. Trim Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Racial/ethnic differences in correlates of prescription drug misuse among young adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined psychosocial correlates of prescription drug misuse over time among young adults. Data from a nationally representative U.S. sample consisting of 4882 cases were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that being younger, having less education, as well as alcohol use; marijuana use, inhalant use, and delinquent behavior during adolescence were associated with prescription drug misuse. In Whites, prescription drug misuse was related to age, alcohol use, marijuana use and delinquent behavior. Among Hispanic young adults inhalant use, delinquent behavior and maternal warmth were associ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Zaje A.T. Harrell, Clifford L. Broman Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Diffusion tensor imaging in cocaine dependence: Regional effects of cocaine on corpus callosum and effect of cocaine administration routeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, DTI parameters were compared between cocaine dependent subjects (CDs) and non-drug using controls (NCs) in midsagittal CC. DTI images were acquired from 19 CDs and 18 age-matched NCs. The midsagittal CC was segmented into: genu, rostral body, anterior midbody, posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium. Linear mixed models analyses showed that, relative to NCs, CDs had lower fractional anisotropy (FA), higher radial diffusivity (λ⊥), and higher mean diffusivity (Dav) in the isthmus; higher λ⊥ and Dav in the rostral body; and lower FA in the splenium. After including mass of lifetime alcohol use in the mi...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Liangsuo Ma, Khader M. Hasan, Joel L. Steinberg, Ponnada A. Narayana, Scott D. Lane, Edward A. Zuniga, Larry A. Kramer, F. Gerard Moeller Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-related fatalities in Australia: Demographics, circumstances, toxicology and major organ pathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: MDMA has contributed to a clinically significant number of deaths in Australia. The prevalence of cardiovascular pathology was similar to that among methamphetamine and cocaine fatalities. Whilst cardiovascular pathology may reflect the use of other stimulants, the cardiotoxic properties of MDMA have been well-documented. Future studies examining MDMA-related morbidity and mortality in the context of other risk factors are recommended. Overall, the current study highlights the need to educate users about the potential harms of MDMA use, particularly that in conjunction with other stimulants, opioids and alcoho...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sharlene Kaye, Shane Darke, Johan Duflou Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Income does not affect response to contingency management treatments among community substance abuse treatment-seekersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study examined a commonly held belief that contingency management (CM) may be less effective for substance abusers with relatively more economic resources compared to those with relatively few resources. Using a combined sample of 393 treatment-seeking cocaine abusers from three clinical trials involving randomization to standard care or standard care plus CM conditions, we assessed the impact of past year income, alone and in combination with treatment condition, as well as income type (i.e., earned, illegal, unstable) on the longest duration of continuous verified abstinence (LDA) achieved during tr...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Carla J. Rash, Todd A. Olmstead, Nancy M. Petry Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

The cost of treating addiction from the client's perspective: Results from a multi-modality application of the Client DATCAPEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: There is a considerable disparity between the number of individuals who need substance abuse treatment and the number who actually receive it. This is partly due to the fact that many individuals with substance use disorders do not perceive a need for formal treatment. Another contributing factor, however, is a discrepancy between the real and perceived cost of services. Although many cost evaluations of substance abuse treatment have been conducted from the treatment provider perspective, less is known about the client-specific costs of attending treatment (e.g., lost work and leisure time, transportation, out-o...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kathryn E. McCollister, Michael T. French, Jeffrey M. Pyne, Brenda Booth, Richard Rapp, Carey Carr Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Sustained attention in patients receiving and abstinent following methadone maintenance treatment for opiate dependence: Performance and neuroimaging resultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Subjects with a history of opiate dependence have impairments in the functioning of sustained attention, and abnormalities in brain regions identified as important in attention processing. Impairments in attention performance persist in subjects who enjoy prolonged abstinence from opiates. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: James Prosser, Edythe D. London, Igor I. Galynker Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

d-Cycloserine attenuates reactivity to smoking cues in nicotine dependent smokers: A pilot investigationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that smoking cues contribute to nicotine self-administration and attenuating conditioned reactivity to smoking cues may aid abstinence of smoking and prevention of smoking relapse in individuals with nicotine dependence. Based on prior studies showing that the partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) facilitates extinction of learned fear during behavioral exposure therapy in humans and facilitates extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in animals, we evaluated whether DCS would have potential for reducing reactivity to smoking cues when com...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Elizabeth J. Santa Ana, Bruce J. Rounsaville, Tami L. Frankforter, Charla Nich, Theresa Babuscio, James Poling, Kishorchandra Gonsai, Kevin P. Hill, Kathleen M. Carroll Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

A “community-friendly” version of integrated group therapy for patients with bipolar disorder and substance dependence: A randomized controlled trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: A shortened version of integrated group therapy can be delivered successfully by substance use disorder counselors, with better overall outcomes than those achieved with group drug counseling. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Roger D. Weiss, Margaret L. Griffin, William B. Jaffee, Rachel E. Bender, Fiona S. Graff, Robert J. Gallop, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Development and validation of the Alcoholics Anonymous Intention Measure (AAIM)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Results generally support the TPB as a model of 12-step involvement and suggest specific targets for 12-step facilitation interventions within attitude, norm, and control components. Findings also support the AAIM as a tool for identifying drop-out risks and tailoring individual interventions. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarah E. Zemore, Lee Ann Kaskutas Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Delayed reward discounting predicts treatment response for heavy drinkers receiving smoking cessation treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic index of impulsivity that reflects the extent to which an individual devalues a reward based on its delay in time (i.e., preference for smaller immediate rewards relative to larger delayed rewards). Current smokers exhibit greater DRD compared to non-smokers, but also exhibit greater DRD compared to ex-smokers, suggesting that either DRD is inversely associated with successful smoking cessation or that smoking cessation itself reduces DRD. In a sample of treatment-seeking smokers (n=57, 61% male, 85% Caucasian) participating in a randomized controlled smok...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: James MacKillop, Christopher W. Kahler Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals

Morphine-induced physiological and behavioral responses in mice lacking G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are a family of intracellular proteins that desensitize and regulate the responsiveness of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the present study, we assessed the contribution of GRK6 to the regulation and responsiveness of the G protein-coupled mu-opioid receptor (μOR) in response to morphine in vitro and in vivo using mice lacking GRK6. In cell culture, overexpression of GRK6 facilitates morphine-induced beta-arrestin2 (βarrestin2) recruitment and receptor internalization, suggesting that this kinase may play a role in regulating the μOR. In vivo, we find that acu...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - August 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kirsten M. Raehal, Cullen L. Schmid, Ivan O. Medvedev, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Richard T. Premont, Laura M. Bohn Tags: Full length reports Source Type: journals