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Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus — Not gone but sometimes forgottenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The introduction of exchange transfusion made it possible to prevent severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus, but kernicterus has never completely disappeared and it is still occurring in North America and, more frequently in Western Europe and the developing world. I discuss the epidemiology and major causes of severe hyperbilirubinemia and the potential root causes and system failures associated with the development of extreme hyperbilirubinemia and, subsequently, kernicterus. In the Western world, kernicterus remains a rare cause of cerebral palsy but, in contrast to the other causes of cerebral palsy, kerni...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: M. Jeffrey Maisels Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newbornsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In addition to supporting a potential role for many previously identified antecedents of brain damage in ELGANs, our study is the first to provide strong evidence that brain damage in extremely preterm infants is associated with microorganisms in placenta parenchyma. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: T.M. O'Shea, E.N. Allred, O. Dammann, D. Hirtz, K.C.K. Kuban, N. Paneth, A. Leviton, ELGAN study Investigators Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

The evidence base for neonatal surgeryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The practise of evidence based medicine means integrating the clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. There is a lack of supporting scientific evidence from rigorous trials in neonatal surgery. The indications for surgery and the type of operation performed in neonates are rarely supported by randomised controlled trials. As a consequence, the majority of the operations performed in neonates are supported by retrospective studies and surgeon preference.This review article is focussed on operations in neonates which are performed by general paediatric surgeon...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Nigel J. Hall, Simon Eaton, Agostino Pierro Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Genetic forms of hypopituitarism and their manifestation in the neonatal periodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The anterior pituitary gland is a central regulator of growth, reproduction and homeostasis. The development of the pituitary gland depends on the sequential temporal and spatial expression of transcription factors and signalling molecules. Naturally occurring and transgenic murine models have demonstrated a role for many of these molecules in the aetiology of congenital hypopituitarism. These include the transcription factors HESX1, PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4, PITX1, PITX2, OTX2, SOX2 and SOX3. Mutations in any of the genes involved in pituitary development may result in congenital hypopituitarism, which manifest...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Kyriaki S. Alatzoglou, Mehul T. Dattani Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

The knowns and unknowns of human milk bankingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The PREM Bank has been providing pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) to very preterm for the past 3 years. It is the first human milk bank (HMB) to operate in Australia in over 20 years. Our community has rapidly embraced the concept of human milk banking, with both donations and demand for PDHM exceeding expectations. Providing PDHM in ‘exceptional circumstances’ where a mothers’ own milk is unavailable is supported by the WHO and UNICEF. We submit that neonatal intensive care is an exceptional circumstance. Although evidence supporting PDHM use from randomised control trial (RCT) is limited, the latest ...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Karen Simmer, Ben Hartmann Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

“The instincts of motherhood: Bringing joy back into newborn care”Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although homo sapiens is equipped with subneocortical neuro-endocrine structures comparable to those of all mammals, there is no scientific curiosity about basic behaviours such as the maternal protective aggressive instinct or basic emotional states such as joy. A study of the fetus ejection reflex is an opportunity to present the rational control of the procreative drives as a by-product of human brain evolution, and to clarify the concepts of neocortical inhibitions and cultural conditioning. After referring to recent spectacular advances, we anticipate that in the near future several developing scientific dis...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Michel Odent Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Initial nutritional management of the preterm infantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Postnatal nutrition has a large impact on long-term outcome of preterm infants. Evidence is accumulating showing even a relationship between nutrient supply in the first week of life and later cognitive development in extremely low birth weight infants. Since enteral nutrition is often not tolerated following birth, parenteral nutrition is necessary. Yet, optimal parenteral intakes of both energy and amino acids are not well established. Subsequently, many preterm infants fail to grow well, with long-term consequences. Early and high dose amino acid administration has been shown to be effective and safe in very l...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Hester Vlaardingerbroek, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Chris H.P. van den Akker Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Regenerative medicine: A primer for paediatriciansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the replacement, repair or restoration of injured tissues. Cell therapy and tissue engineering are part of the broader remit of regenerative medicine. The ultimate aim is to provide safe and efficient therapies for a large number of clinical conditions. Novel regenerative therapies are already in use in initial clinical trials. The main components of regenerative medicine are cells and specially designed materials. A vast variety of cells types are currently used including: adult and stem cells. Equally a large number of natural and man-made materi...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Dame Julia M. Polak Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Prenatal presentation and postnatal management of congenital thoracic malformationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The antenatal finding of a congenital thoracic malformation (CTM) leads to anxiety in the parents and uncertainty as to the optimal management. The antenatal spectrum of CTM includes congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, sequestration, congenital lobar emphysema, enteric and bronchogenic cysts, and bronchial atresia. Most lesions require no antenatal intervention, and shrink substantially in the third trimester, but if fetal hydrops develops, then antenatal intervention is required, occasionally medical but more usually surgical, because mortality is high. If the baby is symptomatic in the newborn period, t...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Andrew Bush Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Infant outcomes of assisted reproductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become widely used in the treatment of subfertility over the last 30years. Currently 1.7% of all births in the UK occur after assisted conception. This review summarises work that has been undertaken to investigate health outcomes of these children and summarises areas where uncertainty continues to exist. Much of the adverse health outcomes of children born after ART are related to higher order birth; however evidence suggests adverse perinatal outcomes in singletons as well as twins and triplets. The cause of adverse health outcomes in ART conceived children is as y...
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Carrie Williams, Alastair Sutcliffe Tags: Guest Editor N. Modi Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - October 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

A model to predict motor performance in preterm infants at 5yearsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Approximately 60% of preterm infants who are assessed at 5years for motor performance in a standardized multidisciplinary follow-up program are found to have normal results, indicating that, for these children, routine motor assessment at this age is unnecessary.Aim: To improve the efficiency of our follow-up practice for motor assessment by developing a model to predict motor performance of preterm infants at 5years with a maximal sensitivity (≥90%).Study design: Longitudinal design.Subjects: We included preterm infants (n=371) with a gestational age of ≤32weeks; children with severe disabilities...
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Anjo J.W.M. Janssen, Maria W.G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden, Reinier P. Akkermans, Joke Tissingh, Rob A.B. Oostendorp, Louis A.A. Kollée Source Type: journals

Saliva as a valid alternative in monitoring melatonin concentrations in newborn infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background and aims: Pineal physiology is not completely elucidated in newborn infants. As melatonin in pharmacological doses has been reported to reduce oxidative stress in neonates with asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, or sepsis, there is the need to better understand the physiological role of melatonin in the neonatal period. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new saliva sampling method suitable for newborn infants and to assess whether salivary melatonin could be used as a reliable, non-invasive, pain-free alternative to serum melatonin to study the pineal physiology in newborn infants.Subjects a...
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Soyhan Bagci, Andreas Mueller, Jochen Reinsberg, Axel Heep, Peter Bartmann, Axel R. Franz Source Type: journals

The effect of recombinant aminopeptidase A (APA) on hypertension in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our present study showed that APA is one of the candidates for antihypertensive agents in hypertension during pregnancy. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Masakazu Ishii, Akira Hattori, Yasushi Numaguchi, Xiuyang Ma, Tetsuro Nagasaka, Masafumi Tsujimoto, Toyoaki Murohara, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Sigehiko Mizutani Source Type: journals

Early growth faltering in healthy term infants predicts longitudinal growthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Early growth monitoring may not identify infants at-risk for later growth faltering because it is difficult for the provider to recognize how large of a negative shift might be problematic.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether a slowing in early weight-for-age could be used to identify children at increased risk of later growth faltering.Methods: Longitudinal data for infants aged birth to two years were analyzed for 1978 healthy, term infants born between 1999–2001. Logistic regression techniques were used to determine whether a negative change in weight-for-age, across well-child vis...
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Erin S. Ross, Nancy F. Krebs, A. Laurie W. Shroyer, L. Miriam Dickinson, Paul H. Barrett, Susan L. Johnson Source Type: journals

Intergenerational birth weight associations by mother's birth order — The mechanisms behind the paradox: A population-based cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The general reduction in mean birth weight among first born mothers was not observed in the next generation. We suggest that first born mothers have the same biologically potential for achieving similar sized offspring as later born mothers, and that social factors account for the inverse relation. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Tone Irene Nordtveit, Kari Klungsoyr Melve, Rolv Skjaerven Source Type: journals

Pain and distress reactivity and recovery as early predictors of temperament in toddlers born pretermEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the relevance of the neonatal individual characteristics of reactivity for identifying more vulnerable infants for future problems in biobehavioral regulation. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Vivian Caroline Klein, Cláudia Maria Gaspardo, Francisco Eulógio Martinez, Ruth E. Grunau, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares Source Type: journals

Kangaroo Care modifies preterm infant heart rate variability in response to heel stick pain: Pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Heel stick is the most common painful procedure for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. Resultant pain causes adverse physiological effects in major organ systems. Kangaroo Care (KC), involving mother-infant skin-to-skin contact is a promising analgesic for infant pain; however, the effect of KC on the autonomic nervous system's response to pain is unknown.Aim: To determine if KC results in improved balance in autonomic responses to heel stick pain than the standard method where infants remain in an incubator care (IC) for the heel stick.Study design: A randomized cross-over trial.Subjec...
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Xiaomei Cong, Susan M. Ludington-Hoe, Gail McCain, Pingfu Fu Source Type: journals

Fetal cardiac sympathetic activation is linked with maternal body mass indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Sympathetic over activity has been suggested to impact on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The origin of abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system is unknown, but it is susceptible to environmental influences during the critical periods of human development.Aims: To examine the influence of maternal characteristics on fetal cardiac autonomic nervous activation.Study design: Prospective, observational study.Subjects: 41 fetuses from normal pregnancy born after 36 gestational weeks.Outcome measures: Maternal characteristics that affect fetal intrauterine well-being intrauterine environmental fac...
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Tiina Ojala, Jonna Aaltonen, Saila Siira, Jarmo Jalonen, Eeva Ekholm, Ulla Ekblad, Kirsi Laitinen Source Type: journals

Measuring preterm cumulative stressors within the NICU: The neonatal infant stressor scaleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Based on these results we developed the Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale to help track, measure and manage presumed accumulated stress in preterm neonates. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: C.A. Newnham, T.E. Inder, J. Milgrom Source Type: journals

Using computer-based video analysis in the study of fidgety movementsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Video recordings can be used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of FMs provided by GMT. GMT is easy to implement in clinical practice, and may provide assistance in detecting infants without FMs. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lars Adde, Jorunn L. Helbostad, Alexander Refsum Jensenius, Gunnar Taraldsen, Ragnhild Støen Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Skin bilirubin measurement during phototherapy in preterm and term newborn infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: The few existing studies evaluating the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin monitoring during phototherapy gave controversial results.Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin measurement in a large population of newborn infants, during phototherapy.Study design and methods: Total serum bilirubin and transcutaneous bilirubin on patched and unpatched skin areas were simultaneously measured in newborn infants undergoing phototherapy. Transcutaneous measurements were performed with a multiwavelength transcutaneous bilirubinometer (Respironics BiliCheck™). The Passing-Bablok regress...
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Enrico Zecca, Giovanni Barone, Daniele De Luca, Rosa Marra, Eloisa Tiberi, Costantino Romagnoli Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Oxidative burst and phagocytosis of neonatal neutrophils confronting Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: A deficiency in generation of an oxidative burst or phagocytosis may not contribute to the increased susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections with Candida. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Kisha G. Destin, Jennifer R. Linden, Sonia S. Laforce-Nesbitt, Joseph M. Bliss Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Associations between term birth dimensions and prenatal exposure to essential and trans fatty acidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Results seem to preclude a role of DHA and AA as growth factors per se. Their negative relationships with birth dimensions may result from a limited maternal–fetal LCPUFA transfer capacity. Potential effects of 18:1t and DGLA on birth dimensions are probably small or non-existing. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Chantal E.H. Dirix, Arnold D. Kester, Gerard Hornstra Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Muscle ultrasound density in human fetuses with spina bifida apertaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: In fetal spina bifida aperta (SBA), leg movements caudal to the meningomyelocele (MMC) are transiently present, but they disappear shortly after birth. Insight in the underlying mechanism could help to improve treatment strategies. In fetal SBA, the pathogenesis of neuromuscular damage prior to movement loss is still unknown. We reasoned that prenatal assessment of muscle ultrasound density (fetal-MUD) could help to reveal whether progressive neuromuscular damage is present in fetal SBA, or not.Aim: To reveal whether prenatal neuromuscular damage is progressively present in SBA.Patients/methods: In SB...
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: R.J. Verbeek, J.H. van der Hoeven, K.M. Sollie, N.M. Maurits, A.F. Bos, W.F.A. den Dunnen, O.F. Brouwer, D.A. Sival Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Predictive value of early motor evaluation in preterm very low birth weight and term small for gestational age childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Motor problems are common in children born preterm or small for gestational age.Aim: To study the predictive value of early motor assessments for later motor skills.Subjects: Twenty-eight children born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW: birth weight ≤1500 g), 57 children born small for gestational age (SGA: birth weight (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Kari Anne I. Evensen, Jon Skranes, Ann-Mari Brubakk, Torstein Vik Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Gender specific differences in neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to very low-lead levels: The prospective cohort study in three-year oldsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: the study suggests that there might be no threshold for lead toxicity in children and provides evidence that 3-year old boys are more susceptible than girls to prenatal very low lead exposure. The results of the study should persuade policy makers to consider gender-related susceptibility to lead and possibly to other toxic hazards in setting environmental protection guidelines. To determine whether the cognitive deficit documented in this study persists to older ages, the follow-up of the children over the next several years is to be carried out. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Wieslaw Jedrychowski, Frederica Perera, Jeffery Jankowski, Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn, Elzbieta Mroz, Elzbieta Flak, Susan Edwards, Anita Skarupa, Ilona Lisowska-Miszczyk Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Effects of body position on thermal, cardiorespiratory and metabolic activity in low birth weight infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Despite thermoregulatory adjustments in cardiorespiratory function, infants sleeping prone have relatively higher body temperature. The cardiorespiratory responses to this modest increase in temperature indicate that thermal and metabolic control of cardiac and respiratory pumps seem to work in opposition. The consequences of any attendant changes in blood gas activity (e.g. hypocapnia and/or increased mixed venous oxygen concentration) due to this override of metabolic control remains speculative. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Amer Ammari, Karl F. Schulze, Kiyoko Ohira-Kist, Sudha Kashyap, William P. Fifer, Michael M. Myers, Rakesh Sahni Tags: Regular Material Source Type: journals

Vehicles and equipment for land-based neonatal transportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The compatibility of vehicles and equipment has historically been a source of contention between neonatal staff and ambulance services. Only through a joint approach to design can we overcome old attitudes and maximise the safety of neonatal transfer. This involves consideration of issues such as weight, fixation, power and gas requirements which are much less of an issue in static neonatal units. There are also factors relating to internal design, orientation of transport incubator rigs and seating which merit consideration. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: S.T. Kempley, N. Ratnavel, T. Fellows Tags: Guest Editor: Steve Kempley Source Type: journals

Who should staff neonatal transport teams?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neonatal transport is variously staffed by diverse combinations of nurses, doctors and paramedical staff. There is no evidence that neonatal transport undertaken with staff from any particular professional background results in improved outcomes for infants; instead, it appears that beneficial outcomes result from using staff who are specifically trained in transport practice, regardless of their professional background. Core transport competencies that are transferrable should be a routine part of the training of transport team members. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Alan C Fenton, Andrew Leslie Tags: Guest Editor: Steve Kempley Source Type: journals

Safety and governance issues for neonatal transport servicesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neonatal transport is a subspecialty within the field of neonatology. Transport services are developing rapidly in the United Kingdom (UK) with network demographics and funding patterns leading to a broad spectrum of service provision.Applying principles of clinical governance and safety to such a diverse landscape of transport services is challenging but finally receiving much needed attention.To understand issues of risk management associated with this branch of retrieval medicine one needs to look at the infrastructure of transport teams, arrangements for governance, risk identification, incident reporting, fe...
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Nandiran Ratnavel Tags: Guest Editor: Steve Kempley Source Type: journals

Setting up a neonatal transport service: Air transportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article highlights the difficulties in achieving this, reflecting on the way in which established air transport teams have overcome many of the difficulties.The commonalities with land based transport are emphasised along with those issues which are specific to teams providing such a service who aspire to become “air capable”. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lesley Jackson, Charles H. Skeoch Tags: Guest Editor: Steve Kempley Source Type: journals

Neonatal transport — Where next?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this issue, Best Practice Guidelines covers critical areas to be addressed when establishing or developing a neonatal transfer service. Perhaps the first question regards the definition of a neonatal transfer. It is clear to those working in the field that simple epidemiological definitions (such as a postnatal age of less than 7 or 28 days) do not define a patient group with common clinical needs. A more pragmatic measure, defining patients who benefit from the skills of a neonatal transfer team, will include all those requiring transfer to or from a neonatal unit. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Steve Kempley Tags: Guest Editor: Steve Kempley Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Frontal brain activation in premature infants' response to auditory stimuli in neonatal intensive care unitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study was focusing on the very few contacts with the mother's voice that NICU infants have in the womb as well as after birth, we examined whether they can discriminate between their mothers' utterances and those of female nurses in terms of the emotional bonding that is facilitated by prosodic utterances. Twenty-six premature infants were included in this study, and their cerebral blood flows were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. They were exposed to auditory stimuli in the form of utterances made by their mothers and female nurses. A two (stimulus: mother and nurse)×two (recording site: righ...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Yuri Saito, Rie Fukuhara, Shiori Aoyama, Tamotsu Toshima Source Type: journals

Signs of fetal brain sparing are not related to umbilical cord blood gases at birthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Fetal chronic hypoxia leads to centralization of circulation in order to spare the vital organs brain, adrenals and the heart. This can be documented by Doppler ultrasound. Increased blood velocity in the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) is an acknowledged sign of centralization of circulation in chronic hypoxia, and is called brain sparing.Aim: Our aim was to assess the relationship between signs of brain sparing in the MCA and umbilical cord blood gases at birth.Study design: A prospective study.Subjects: Singleton 57 high-risk pregnancies (outcome was compared with 21 normal pregnancies).Methods:...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Riffat Cheema, Mariusz Dubiel, Saemundur Gudmundsson Source Type: journals

Pilot use of the early motor repertoire in infants with inborn errors of metabolism: Outcomes in early and middle childhoodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The quality of the early motor repertoire might be related to later neurological outcome in infants with inborn errors of metabolism. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: J.L.M. Bruggink, F.J. van Spronsen, B.J. Wijnberg-Williams, A.F. Bos Source Type: journals

Placental transfusion insult in the predisposition for SIDS: A mathematical studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is motivated by the hypothesis that the predisposition for SIDS may be caused by inner ear and brainstem damage from a high venous pressure insult at birth that disrupts an infant's ability to detect rising CO2 levels following the first month of life. The injury is not immediately lethal due to the persistence of fetal physiological responses during the early postnatal period [Guntheroth WG. Crib death, the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Armonk NY: Futura Publishing Co.; 1995. p. 291]. Elastic vessels are assumed in the umbilical vein and newborn venous circulation at the time of a potential high pressure placen...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Jordi Alastruey, Spencer J. Sherwin, Kim H. Parker, Daniel D. Rubens Source Type: journals

Parental bilingualism is associated with slower cognitive development in very low birth weight infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In the setting of the present investigation, parental bilingualism is associated with slower neurodevelopment in VLBW infants during the first 2 years of life. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Elisabeth Walch, Tanja Chaudhary, Birgit Herold, Michael Obladen Source Type: journals

Support for the global feasibility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire as developmental screenerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the 48 months Ages and Stages Questionnaire (D_ASQ_48).Design: Prospective cohort study of a community-based sample of children born in 2002 and 2003 whose parents filled out the D_ASQ_48 and a questionnaire on school status at 60 months. The ASQ was translated into Dutch and back-translated into English by three independent translators.Setting: Well Child Centers covering 25% of the Netherlands.Participants: Parents of 1510 preterm and 562 term children born in 2002–2003 attending routine Well Child visits at age 45–50 months.Ma...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Jorien M. Kerstjens, Arend F. Bos, Elisabeth M.J. ten Vergert, Gea de Meer, Phillipa R. Butcher, Sijmen A. Reijneveld Source Type: journals

The effect of genetic and seasonal factors on birth weightEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Obesity is a heterogeneous group of disorders that have in common disturbances of energy balance and an increase of fat cells. Genetic and development factors, however, have an important role in making obese or not obese people. Recently there has been a surge of interest on the possible relationship of obesity with birth weight and with season of birth.We have studied the effect of season of conception and ACP1 phenotype (an enzyme associated with obesity disorders) on birth weight in a sample of 809 newborn infants from the Caucasian population of Central Italy.Birth weight of newborn conceived in the period Ja...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: F. Gloria-Bottini, A. Magrini, E. Bottini Source Type: journals

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stress in placental trophoblast cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Modest levels of DHA alleviate oxidative DNA damage whereas high levels of DHA accelerate lipid peroxidation. Thus, DHA supplementation during pregnancy may exert oxidative or antioxidant properties via different mechanisms and depending on dosage. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Hiromichi Shoji, Corinna Franke, Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko Source Type: journals

Brain positron emission tomography in preterm and term newborn infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET imaging could show different glucose metabolisms of brain in preterm and term infants. Brain 18F-FDG PET imaging might be a useful tool for estimating the brain function in newborn infants, and its clinical values need further investigation. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Yuan Shi, Rong-bin Jin, Jin-ning Zhao, Shi-fang Tang, Hua-qiang Li, Tin-yu Li Source Type: journals

Antioxidant vitamin status during pregnancy in relation to cognitive development in the first two years of lifeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlation of the antioxidant vitamins status (vitamins A, E and C) during pregnancy and the intellectual development of early childhood.Method: A total of 150 paired maternal–neonatal subjects were recruited into the present study. The serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, E and C) in maternal blood and cord blood after delivery were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the intellectual development was evaluated by Gesell Development Schedules (GDS) at two-years-old.Result: Children with higher cord serum vitamin E level showed higher score...
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ke Chen, Xuan Zhang, Xiao-ping Wei, Ping Qu, You-xue Liu, Ting-yu Li Source Type: journals

Influence of ventilation mode on neonatal cerebral blood flow and volumeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In the light of our results, we might speculate that, assuming that hemodynamic autoregulation is safe and arterial blood pressure is preserved, ventilation per se influences brain circulation. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Anna Milan, Federica Freato, Valentina Vanzo, Lino Chiandetti, Patrizia Zaramella Source Type: journals

Long-term development of low-risk low birth weight preterm born infants: Neurodevelopmental aspects from childhood to late adolescenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In general, LBW showed no major deficits in late adolescence. However, a prolonged school career and a higher demand for therapeutic interventions indicate subtle neurodevelopmental deficits in LBW. This underscores the need for professional follow-up programmes for this majority of preterm born infants. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Gitta Reuner, Anne Hassenpflug, Joachim Pietz, Heike Philippi Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - June 10, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Prognostic value of a scorable neurological examination from 3 to 12 months post-term age in very preterm infants: A longitudinal studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We confirm the high predictive value of this neurological examination in very preterm infants after 9 months and extend it to the assessments performed as early as 3 months post-term. This is of great relevance as in very preterm infants early prediction of motor function is essential for a prompt planning of therapeutic interventions. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - May 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Domenico M.M. Romeo, Matteo Cioni, Mariacristina Scoto, Alessandra Pizzardi, Mario G. Romeo, Andrea Guzzetta Source Type: journals

Prevalence of abnormal general movements in three-month-old infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The study indicates that the prevalence of definitely abnormal GMs in the general population is 3.7% and that of mildly abnormal GMs 25%. The clinically relevant definitely abnormal GMs were associated with preterm birth and smoking during pregnancy. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - May 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Hylco Bouwstra, Geerteke R. Dijk-Stigter, Hedwig M.J. Grooten, Femke E.M. Janssen-Plas, Alice J. Koopmans, Christien D. Mulder, Ans van Belle, Mijna Hadders-Algra Source Type: journals